PATHO 370 Week 4 quiz (CH 22,23,24,25)

Dysrhythmias are significant for which reasons? (Select all that apply.)

• Can indicate an underlying disorder. • Can impair cardiac output.

Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock?

crystalloids

Constrictive pericarditis is associated with

impaired cardiac filling

Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension.

secondary

An example of an acyanotic heart defect is

ventricular septal defect

The most common causes of heart failure include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

• Coronary artery disease • Cardiomyopathy • Hypertension

Atherosclerosis puts a patient at risk for which of the following problems?

• ischemic stroke. • retinal injury • renal impairment

Class II hypovolemic shock is characterized by__________

Tachycardia

High blood pressure increases the workload of the left ventricle because it increases

afterload

Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure.

mean arterial

A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of

mitral regurgitation

Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of

peripheral pooling of blood

Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells.

renin

Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in

systemic vascular resistance

Which statement is true about the incidence of heart failure? (Select all that apply.)

• Heart failure is the fastest-growing cardiac disorder. • The increasing incidence and hospitalization rates of heart failure reflect the aging population in the United States. • The incidence of heart failure is 10 per 1000 population after age 65.

Blood pressure is regulated on a short-term basis through which measures?

• Interaction of carotid and aortic baroreceptors • Vasomotor center in the brainstem • Activation of SNS • Inhibition of PSNS

High blood pressure increases the risk of which conditions? (Select all that apply.)

• Stroke • Renal disease • liver disease

Acute coronary syndrome in the presence of thrombosis may present with which manifestations? (Select all that apply.)

• Unstable angina • MI • Sudden cardiac arrest

The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of

apoptosis

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the

conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they

reduce cardiac output

Cardiogenic shock is characterized by

reduced cardiac output

The majority of tachydysrhythmias are believed to occur because of

reentry mechanisms

Pulse pressure is defined as

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

What compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume?

tachycardia

An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by

Positioning the arm above the heart level

Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina.

Prinzmetal variant

After sitting in a chair for an hour, an older patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of

Right sided heart failure

Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?

Anaphylactic

A laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is

Serum Potassium

The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) has which effects on the heart? (Select all that apply.)

• Vasoconstriction • Increased arterial blood pressure • Increased myocardial contractility • Sodium and water retention

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

diastolic murmur

In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?

Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 bpm

Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with

acute onset of left ventricular dysfunction.

A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This patient is most likely described as a(n)

elderly woman without a previous history of MI.

Sepsis has been recently redefined as____________.

A systemic inflammatory response to infection

Right-sided heart failure is usually a consequence of which conditions?

Cor pulmonale PP 19 SLIDE 14

A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's symptomology is most likely related to

Hypotension

Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?

Sodium

What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?

Vasoconstriction