Patho Ch. 51 - Alterations in Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, and Disease

The pathophysiology of osteomalacia involves a. increased osteoclast activity. b. collagen breakdown in the bone matrix. c. crowding of cells in the osteoid. d. inadequate mineralization in the osteoid.

d. inadequate mineralization in the osteoid.

Rickets is characterized by soft, weak bones resulting from a deficiency of a. calcium. b. estrogen. c. phosphate. d. vitamin D.

d. vitamin D.

A risk factor for osteoporosis is a. endometriosis b. early menopause c. late menopause d. ovarian cysts

b. early menopause

Characteristics of scoliosis include (Select all that apply.) a. involvement of lateral curvature of the spine. b. increase during periods of rapid growth. c. more common in boys. d. identifiable by uneven shoulders or scapular prominence. e. possibility of leading to respiratory complications.

a, b, d, e

What type of fracture generally occurs in children? a. Greenstick b. Stress c. Nightstick d. Colles

a. Greenstick

Which disorder usually causes skeletal pain and involves significant bone demineralization from vitamin D deficiency? a. Osteomalacia b. Osteopenia c. Osteomyelitis d. Osteoporosis

a. Osteomalacia

The most common source of osteomyelitis is a. an infection that migrates via the bloodstream. b. direct invasion from a fracture. c. surgical contamination. d. a joint prosthesis.

a. an infection that migrates via the bloodstream.

A fracture in which bone breaks into two or more fragments is referred to as a. comminuted. b. open. c. greenstick. d. stress.

a. comminuted.

A patient diagnosed with diabetes, smokes a pack of cigarettes daily and eats very few green leafy vegetables. After experiencing a fractured toe, this patient is at risk for a. delayed healing. b. malunion. c. nonunion. d. dysunion.

a. delayed healing.

Following a bone fracture, the most likely event to occur is a. development of a blood clot beneath the periosteum. b. leukocyte infiltration into bone tissue. c. blood vessel growth at the fracture site. d. migration of osteoblasts to the fracture site.

a. development of a blood clot beneath the periosteum. (First step is hematoma formation)

The most common type of osteomyelitis is a. hematogenous. b. contiguous focus. c. Brodie abscess. d. direct invasion.

a. hematogenous.

Healing of a fractured bone with a poor alignment is called a. malunion. b. nonunion. c. disunion. d. delayed union.

a. malunion.

The disease that is similar to osteomalacia and occurs in growing children is a. rickets. b. osteosarcoma. c. Paget disease. d. osteopenia.

a. rickets.

In older women, osteoporosis is thought to be primarily because of a. dietary inadequacies. b. estrogen deficiency. c. malabsorption syndrome. d. inactivity.

b. estrogen deficiency.

Assessment of an extremity six hours after surgical alignment and casting demonstrates pulselessness and pallor. The priority action to take is to a. increase the administration his pain medication. b. initiate action to have the cast split or removed. c. note the increase in pain in his chart, and recheck the extremity in 30 minutes. d. elevate the extremity to relieve swelling.

b. initiate action to have the cast split or removed. (This is a sign of compartment syndrome!)

Bone healing may be impaired by excessive a. vitamin C. b. nicotine use. c. a high-protein diet. d. immobilization.

b. nicotine use.

Compartment syndrome occurs secondary to a. bone infarction. b. soft-tissue damage. c. muscle necrosis. d. breakdown of RBCs.

b. soft-tissue damage.

Complete healing of a bone fracture occurs when a. no movement of the break is detectable. b. the callus has been completely replaced with mature bone. c. the fracture site and surrounding soft tissue are pain free. d. a cast is no longer required to stabilize the break.

b. the callus has been completely replaced with mature bone.

The person at highest risk of a greenstick fracture from falling off a tall ladder is age a. 68. b. 44. c. 8. d. 23.

c. 8.

The complication which is not likely to result from a compound, transverse fracture of the tibia and fibula is a. bone infection. b. fat emboli. c. air embolus. d. compartment syndrome.

c. air embolus.

A bone disorder that results from insufficient vitamin D is referred to as a. rickets. b. osteoporosis. c. osteomalacia. d. subluxation.

c. osteomalacia.

A malignant bone-forming tumor is referred to as a(n) a. rhabdosarcoma. b. liposarcoma. c. osteosarcoma. d. chondrosarcoma.

c. osteosarcoma.

People who have osteoporosis are at risk for a. rhabdomyolysis. b. osteomyelitis. c. osteomalacia. d. bone fractures.

d. bone fractures.

A compound, transverse fracture is best described as a bone that is a. broken in two or more pieces. b. cracked but not completely separated. c. broken along the long axis. d. broken and protruding through the skin.

d. broken and protruding through the skin.

Inflammation of the sacs that overlie bony prominences is called a. epicondylitis. b. arthritis. c. tendinitis. d. bursitis.

d. bursitis.