Patho. Chapter 10
A severe life-threatening type I hypersensitivity reaction is A. Angioedema B. Urticaria C. Anaphylaxis D. Hives
A = Anaphylaxis - In some highly allergic people, the type I hypersensitivity reaction can be expressed as a life-threatening allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. Angioedema, urticaria, and hives are signs that accompany this reaction, but that may also involve other less-threatening reactions.
What is the pathophysiologic abnormality underlying systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)? A. Type II hypersensitivity B. Immunosuppression C. Immune deficiency D. Autoimmunity
A = Autoimmunity - SLE is a type III hypersensitivity reaction caused by autoantibody production and occurs when the immune system recognizes a person's own cells ("self") as foreign and mounts an immune response that injures self tissues. It is a member of the group of diseases variably called autoimmune, connective tissue, collagen vascular, or inflammatory disorders. Type II hypersensitivity, also known as tissue-specific, cytotoxic, or cytolytic hypersensitivity, is characterized by antibodies that attack antigens on the surface of specific cells or tissues, Immunosuppression is caused by a factor that has interfered with the body's normal immune response. Immune deficiency disorders can be divided into two general categories: (1) excessive immune responses and (2) deficient immune responses.
Which type of hypersensitivity response is mediated by T cells? A. Hypersensitivity type I B. Hypersensitivity type II C. Hypersensitivity type III D. Hypersensitivity type IV
A = Hypersensitivity type IV - Type IV hypersensitivity is mediated by T cells. Hypersensitivity types I, II, and III are mediated by antibodies produced by B lymphocytes.
The health history of a 6-month-old breastfed child reveals serious, recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. The most likely cause of these infections is A. Insufficient antibodies in the mother's breast milk B. Increased maternal antibodies C. Immune deficiency D. Autoimmunity
A = Immune deficiency - In children with immune system dysfunction, the lack or dysfunction of T cells, B cells, and antibodies can lead to lethal or recurrent infections. The benefit of maternal antibodies would now be decreasing naturally; immunizations and the baby's natural immune system would be more relevant. Increased antibodies, if appropriate, would minimize such infections not increase them. Autoimmunity refers to problems with the misidentification of body components as being foreign.
Which immunodeficiency disorder is a primary immunodeficiency disorder? A. Immunodeficiency associated with cancer chemotherapy B. Immunodeficiency associated with DiGeorge syndrome C. Immunodeficiency associated with corticosteroid use D. Immunodeficiency associated with malnutrition
A = Immunodeficiency associated with DiGeorge syndrome - Primary disorders are immune deficiencies not attributable to other causes; these may be congenital or acquired. An example of a primary immunodeficiency disorder is DiGeorge syndrome. DiGeorge syndrome is a developmental T-cell disorder associated with total or partial loss of thymus gland function. In this disorder, the aplastic or hypoplastic thymus is unable to assist in the maturation of T cells. Therefore T cells are deficient. B cells are normal. Secondary immunodeficiency disorders are a consequence of other processes or treatments in the body. Examples of secondary disorders include those associated with hyperlipidemia or malnutrition, medical treatments such as cancer chemotherapy, or biopsychosocial stress such as postsurgical immune system problems.
A 39-year-old patient who has been taking a specific antibiotic for years without problems develops tachycardia, lowered blood pressure, wheezing, and urticaria when given this antibiotic in the clinic. The most likely explanation for this occurrence is that the patient A. Is experiencing an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic B. Is experiencing a reaction to something other than the antibiotic C. Has received the wrong medication D. Has developed autoimmunity
A = Is experiencing an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction to the antibiotic - It is a fallacy that a patient will not develop allergies to a drug if the drug has been taken in the past without problems. Hypersensitivity reactions are specific to a particular antigen and usually do not occur on first exposure to the antigen. The symptoms are those seen in anaphylactic reactions and antibiotic use should be considered. Receiving the wrong medication would not necessarily result in this symptomology. Autoimmunity issues relate to the body's reaction to itself as foreign and not to medications.