Patho CYU Chapters 27, 28, 29, 31, 33

The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is a.family history of bladder cancer. b.smoking. c.low fluid intake. d.recurrent bladder infections.

B

The most frequent initial symptom of bladder cancer is a.dysuria. b.hematuria. c.sudden incontinence. d.bladder infection.

B

The most helpful laboratory value in monitoring the progression of declining renal function is a.mental status changes. b.serum creatinine. c.blood urea nitrogen. d.serum potassium.

B

The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called a.nephrotic. b.nephralgia. c.nephronitis. d.nephritic.

B

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be a.potassium oxalate. b.cysteine. c.struvite. d.uric acid crystals.

D

A potential risk factor for breast cancer includes a.a history of fibrocystic breast disease. b.more than three pregnancies prior to age 35. c.malnourishment. d.early menarche and late first pregnancy.

D

Endometriosis is a condition in which a.an abnormal Pap smear is diagnostic. b.the endometrium sloughs continuously c.the endometrium proliferates and does not shed. d.ectopic endometrial tissue is present.

D

One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is a.chronic pyelonephritis. b.glomerulonephritis. c.polycystic kidney disease. d.hypertension.

D

Sexual impotence is rarely because of a.psychological factors. b.drug side effects. c.vascular diseases. d.primary causes.

D

The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is a.azotemia. b.increased creatinine. c.hypertension. d.hyperkalemia.

D

The difference between stress incontinence and urge incontinence is that stress incontinence a.is caused by a detrusor muscle problem, whereas urge incontinence is caused by a neurologic problem. b.occurs in women, whereas urge incontinence occurs in both men and women. c.occurs during sleep, whereas urge incontinence occurs during the waking hours. d.is caused by a pelvic floor muscle problem, whereas urge incontinence is caused by a problem with the detrusor muscle.

D

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is a.glycosuria. b.hematuria. c.bacteriuria. d.proteinuria.

D

The most common cause of ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the United States is a.renal artery stenosis. b.hypovolemia. c.hypotension. d.sepsis.

D

Treatment of a uterine prolapse may involve the insertion of a(n) ________ to hold the uterus in place. a.endopelvic mesh implant. b.catheter. c.IUD. d.pessary.

D

Which condition is caused by a genetic defect? a.Incontinence b.Acute pyelonephritis c.Hydroureter d.Polycystic kidney disease

D

A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. When asked, "Why is my urine the color of coffee?", the nurse responds a."Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored." b."When parts of your kidneys stopped working, your blood kept flowing and broke some of your little blood vessels, so red blood cells are flowing into your urine and making it coffee-colored." c."The bacteria that caused your sore throat have traveled to your kidneys and are causing a little damage there that allows some red blood cells to leak into your urine and make it orange-colored." d."Normally, red blood cells that enter the urine are taken back into the blood, but in glomerulonephritis, the kidney disease you have, they stay in the urine and make it coffee-colored."

A

A progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and difficulty initiating the urinary stream are characteristic of a.prostatic enlargement. b.prostatitis. c.bladder carcinoma. d.urinary calculi.

A

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is caused by a.absent or diminished levels of progesterone. b.endometrial fibroid tumors. c.reproductive tract malignancies. d.endometrial inflammation.

A

Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing a.acute tubular necrosis. b.hydronephrosis. c.nephrosis. d.renal inflammation.

A

Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of a.hyperparathyroidism. b.hypercalcemia. c.excess active vitamin D. d.phosphorous deficiency.

A

Sudden, severe testicular pain is indicative of a.testicular torsion. b.prostatitis. c.epididymitis. d.testicular cancer.

A

The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is a.renal colic. b.urge incontinence. c.oliguria. d.an abdominal mass.

A

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is a.pain. b.oliguria. c.vomiting. d.hematuria.

A

The urea-splitting bacteria contribute to the formation of ________ kidney stones. a.struvite b.cystine c.uric acid d.calcium oxalate

A

At his most recent clinic visit, a patient with end-stage renal disease is noted to have edema, congestive signs in the pulmonary system, and a pericardial friction rub. Appropriate therapy at this time would include a.fluid restriction. b.initiation of dialysis. c.phlebotomy. d.antibiotics.

B

Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of the a.abdominal organs. b.cardinal ligaments. c.cervix. d.vaginal musculature.

B

A 52-year-old female had a surgical procedure in which the breast, lymphatics, and underlying muscle were removed. The procedure performed was a a.lumpectomy. b.modified radical mastectomy. c.radical mastectomy. d.mastectomy.

C

A breast lump that is painless, hard, and unmoving is most likely a.papilloma. b.fibrocystic breast disease. c.carcinoma. d.fibroadenoma.

C

A patient has ureteral colic. The manifestation that requires immediate notification of the physician is a.severe flank pain. b.vomiting. c.chills and fever. d.pink-tinged urine.

C

A ureterocele is a.fusion of both ureters at the bladder junction. b.an abnormally placed ureter. c.a cystic dilation of a ureter. d.an additional ureter.

C

Calcium oxylate stone formation is facilitated by a.protein intake. b.low urine pH. c.hypercalciuria. d.hypoparathyroidism.

C

Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as a.placenta previa. b.abruptio placentae. c.hyperemesis gravidarum. d.spontaneous abortion.

C

In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is a.nephrotic syndrome. b.glomerulonephritis. c.urinary retention and reflux. d.respiratory disease.

C

Scrotal pain in males and labial pain in females may accompany renal pain as a result of a.anxiety. b.muscle tension. c.associated dermatomes. d.associated infections.

C

The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls, but can be administered to girls as young as _____ years of age. a.10 b.8 c.9 d.7

C

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is a.kidney stone formation. b.anuria. c.hydronephrosis. d.dilation of the urethra.

C

The disorder characterized by a neurologic lesion that affects bladder control is a.cystitis. b.detrusor inactivity. c.neurogenic bladder. d.bladder prolapse.

C

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is a.bacterial invasion of the glomerulus. b.an anaphylactic reaction. c.an immune complex reaction. d.renal ischemia.

C

The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is a.post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. b.acute glomerulonephritis. c.crescentic glomerulonephritis. d.chronic glomerulonephritis.

C

A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is a.smoking. b.positive family history. c.drinking alcohol. d.dehydration.

D