Patho Final - Ch 43, Patho Final - CH 44, Patho Final - CH 45, Patho Final - Ch 46, Patho Final - Ch 47, Patho Final - Ch 49, Patho Final - CH 48, Patho Final - Ch 52, Patho Final - Ch 51, Patho Final - Ch 50

Select the structure primarily responsible for the secretions of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin.

Anterior pituitary gland

When caring for the client with acute bacterial prostatitis, the nurse plans for which intervention?

Antibiotics

A client presents with signs and symptoms of candidiasis and is concerned about why this occurs after taking antibiotics. The most appropriate information for the nurse to provide would be:

Antibiotics suppress the normal protective vaginal flora allowing overgrowth of C. albicans

Which diagnosis is most likely to require surgical correction?

Hypospadias

An older adult is being evaluated for chronic fatigue. Which assessment data by the nurse would support the diagnosis?

Inability to concentrate; awakens after a few hours of sleep and cannot return to sleep

A teenager reports ugly warts that have invaded her hands. She wants them gone before prom season. The nurse will likely be explaining which treatment measure to this teenager?

Applying a keratolytic agent like salicylic acid

A client suffers a musculoskeletal injury while participating in a sporting event. Which treatment is most appropriate initially?

Applying ice and sitting out the rest of the game

The environment of the vagina is moist with a pH 4.0 to 4.5. The major purpose of the acidic environment is:

Bacteriostatic

A client has been instructed to increase vitamin D in the diet. What foods will the nurse make certain are included in the diet?

Baked fish and whole milk

A client who recently developed oropharyngeal herpes tells the nurse he needs a fast cure. The nurse will explain about palliative treatments that may include which appropriate interventions? Select all that apply.

Antihistamines, antipruritic, acetaminophen, topical anesthetics

Which client needs screening for osteoporosis?

Anyone with an eating disorder

Which structure would likely be present in a hair follicle in a man's groin but not in a follicle on his face?

Apocrine gland

A client with painful genital herpes lesions relates pain as being a 7 out of 10. Which interventions should the nurse conduct? Select all that apply.

Apply cool compresses, call the health provider for oral analgesics, apply topical anesthetic cream

Which assessment technique/sign should the nurse utilize on a newborn to screen for developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Barlow

During menopause, the nurse should anticipate which hormones will be elevated? Select all that apply.

FSH, LH, and Androstenedione

Which activity is most likely to create a spiral fracture?

Falling on a ski hill with bindings that do not release

During infertility workup, the client is diagnosed with chlamydial infection. The health care provider will especially be looking for which complication of chlamydial infections that can interfere with egg transportation?

Fallopian tube damage

True or false? The radiologist knows that it is normal to see lamellar and woven bone in the adult skeleton.

False

Which disease in children presents with an inflammatory myopathy primarily involving skin and muscle with a heliotrope rash around the eyes?

Juvenile dermatomyositis

What would be the best treatment option for a soft tissue contusion on the right ankle?

Keep the ankle elevated for the first 24 hours

A client has dry skin, and scratching the dry regions causes some skin flakes to become dislodged. Which cell type makes up the dry skin?

Keratinocytes

Athletic injuries fall into two types: acute or overuse injuries. Where do overuse injuries commonly occur?

Knee

A nurse is caring for a client with ankylosing spondylitis. For which associated symptom does the nurse assess?

Kyphosis

An examination of the external genitalia of a female would concentrate on which structures? Select all that apply.

Labia minora, Clitoris

A student with a rash goes to the school nurse for evaluation. The nurse suspects the student has contact dermatitis. The primary cell responsible for this delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction is:

Langerhans cells

Among the skin's protective functions is the fact that it serves as an immunologic barrier. What cells are responsible for detecting foreign antigens?

Langerhans cells

Which type of cells form a network to bind and process antigens in the epidermis?

Langerhans cells

During finals week, a college student notices an increase in the amount of acne on the face. Which physiological principal is responsible for this acne during times of added stress?

Langerhans cells are innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers, which may explain why the skin's immune system is altered under stress

The health care provider suspects a diagnosis of endometriosis. Which procedure provides a definitive diagnosis?

Laparoscopy

A 6-year-old child has developed idiopathic osteonecrotic disease of the proximal (capital) femoral epiphysis. The health care provider would document this finding as which diagnosis?

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

What skin disease manifests with lesions on the skin and oral lesions that look like milky white lacework?

Lichen planus

A nurse is caring for a client who twisted his ankle while running. Tests reveal damaged connective tissue that connects the movable bones of the joint. Based on this finding, the nurse prepares to teach the client about which anatomical structure that is injured?

Ligaments

A basketball player fell awkwardly, a mishap that has resulted in a tear to the anterior cruciate ligament. What characteristic of ligaments makes them particularly susceptible to injury?

Ligaments are incapable of stretching when exposed to unusual stress

The nurse is assessing a female client's risk for osteoporosis. Which factor places this client at greatest risk?

Menopause

The ovaries have a dual function. The nurse is able to explain to the client that any problems with the ovaries frequently cause which problem?

Menstrual and fertility problems

Select the cells of the epidermis that are responsible for providing sensory information.

Merkel cells

Which are the sparsest cells in the epidermis?

Merkel cells

Polycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder and a common cause of chronic anovulation. In addition to the clinical manifestations of PCOS, long-term health problems, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, have been linked to PCOS. What drug has emerged as an important part of PCOS treatment?

Metformin

A young woman presents with vaginal itching and irritation of recent onset. Her labia are swollen, and she has a frothy yellowish discharge with an unpleasant smell and a pH of 6.8. She has been celibate during the last 6 months and has been taking antibiotics for a throat infection. Which medication is most likely to clear her symptoms?

Metronidazole

The nurse is assessing an Asian client who presents with pigmented birthmarks on the buttocks and sacral area. The nurse would document this assessment as:

Mongolian spots

What are the small bumps or projections on the areolar surface called?

Montgomery tubercles or glands

Select the layer of dermis characterized by a complex meshwork of three-dimensional collagen bundles interconnected with large elastic fibers.

Reticular dermis

A 16-month-old boy has a normal weight for his age but a height far below the normal range. His list of symptoms includes a protruding abdomen, lethargy, bow legs, muscle weakness, and irritability. His teeth have not yet developed and he has difficulty standing. What is the child's most likely diagnosis?

Rickets

The nurse caring for a child with a deficiency of vitamin D knows that the deficiency places the child at risk for:

Rickets

When teaching a group of nursing students about rheumatic disorders, a nurse emphasizes which important differences when caring for the older adult?

Risk for falls

A middle-aged individual visits the primary care physician with a possible primary skin disorder. Which is a common chronic acneiform disorder seen in middle-aged and older persons?

Rosacea

Which assessment finding leads the nurse to suspect a child has Blount disease?

Rotational deformity of the proximal tibia

The student nurse is reviewing a client chart in preparation for a clinical experience. The student sees the term nummular to describe the client's lesion. What would describe a nummular lesion?

Round, coin-like

Hearing impairment, blindness, and adverse neurodevelopment in newborns can be prevented by immunization against which childhood disease?

Rubella

Which childhood diseases that present with a rash can be protected against via vaccines? Select all that apply.

Rubella, Varicella, Rubeola

A major complication of prolonged bed rest is an increased risk of kidney stones. The nurse knows that this is most likely related to:

Saturation of urine with calcium salts

Sebaceous glands excrete a mixture of lipids that lubricates the hair and skin. What is this mixture called?

Sebum

A 23-year-old diagnosed with syphilis presents with palmar rash, sore throat, fever, and a red-brown lesion on the genital area. The symptoms have been present for 3 weeks. Select the stage of syphilis this client is currently in.

Secondary

The nurse caring for a client with syphilis notes the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test result is elevated. Which stage of syphilis is this client likely experiencing?

Secondary

The joint capsule consists of an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovium. What does the inner synovium do to facilitate movement?

Secretes synovial fluid

A client is receiving metronidazole for treatment of trichomoniasis. Which assessment finding presents the most cause for concern?

The client states he drinks three beers a day

Which assessment finding is a negative cardiac response to exercise?

The client's diastolic blood pressure increases

Which statement about gonorrhea is correct?

Gonorrhea is a reportable sexually transmitted infection

Using Oestern and Tscherne's classification, how would a closed fracture that presented superficial abrasions and a mild fracture pattern be graded?

Grade 1

Which stratum layer of the epidermis has cells working to lose cytoplasm and DNA while synthesizing keratin?

Granulosum

Which statement will the nurse impart to the parent of a child with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?

"A genetic pattern for this disease has not been established"

An adult with flat feet is complaining about pain. Which statements will best help this client? Select all that apply.

"Be fitted for good shoes with arch supports" - "Surgery may be needed if symptoms do not decrease" - "Losing weigh may ease the pain"

The parents of a child diagnosed with rheumatic disease are shocked by the diagnosis and tell the nurse that they did not think children could acquire the disease. The best response would be:

"Children can be affected with almost all of the rheumatic diseases that occur in adults"

The nurse assesses a client's skin and finds an elevated palpable mass with a circumscribed border. How will the nurse chart this finding?

"Client has a papule"

Which of the following is a priority goal for a client with pes planus (flat feet)?

Decreased pain

Which phenomena is thought to underlie the decreased reported incidence of some sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Decreased reporting of cases of certain STIs

The nurse is caring for a client with several fractures that have been immobilized. Which assessment finding would be most indicative of a potential complication?

Deep, severe, unrelenting pain

In contrast to osteoporosis, osteomalacia causes which outcome, without the loss of bone matrix?

Defective mineralization

What factor may adversely affect bone healing?

Delayed union

Which assessment finding correlates to advanced (tertiary) syphilis?

Dementia

Erectile dysfunction is the inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse. The nurse knows that there may be many causes of erectile dysfunction, and a psychogenic cause would include which of the following?

Depression

Which condition is considered a supportive factor in the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)?

Depression

A client accidentally cuts his hand at work and comes to the clinic for stitches. The nurse understands that the client's immune system will be initially activated by which cells found in the dermis?

Dermal macrophages

When a nurse assesses a client with scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), which manifestation does the nurse recognize is part of the CREST variant syndrome rather than the systemic type of this disorder?

Dermal thickening proximal to wrists

The photoaging effect caused by UVB exposure to sunlight causes changes primarily in which skin layer?

Dermis

Which assessment is most likely to reveal a potential exacerbation in a 70-year-old client's diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Digital rectal examination

A client has developed osteomyelitis and asks the health care provider how the problem occurred. Which response is most accurate?

Direct contamination of an open wound

A football player sustains a suspected hyaline cartilage injury and is awaiting results of a CT scan. Select the statement that best describes the healing process for hyaline cartilage.

Does not heal after injury

While in its dormant state, what structure provides residence for herpes simplex virus to allow for replication?

Dorsal root ganglia

A 70-year-old female client tells the health care provider she is concerned because she is getting shorter and her posture is not as good as it used to be. The provider completes an assessment of her spine and notes a loss of height in the vertebral column and kyphosis. This assessment would be recognized as:

Dowager hump

A female client reports a grayish-green nipple discharge in one breast. Which additional manifestation corresponds with a diagnosis of ductal ectasia?

Ductal inflammation with thickening

When is syphilis highly contagious?

During its primary stage

Nevi are benign tumors of the skin. There is one type of nevus that is important because of its capacity to transform to malignant melanoma. What type of nevus is this?

Dysplastic

Which factor is most protective against squamous cell carcinomas?

Dark skin color

Select the major stimulus for calcitonin synthesis and release.

Increased serum calcium

What is a physiologic basis for albinism?

Lack of tyrosinase

Which substance helps maintain a smooth surface in joint cartilage?

Synovial fluid

Which client should be seen first?

The client with an avulsion

True or false? Bone may take up toxic substances from the circulation, which can be viewed as a protective mechanism.

True

A client calls the clinic and tells the nurse she is concerned because her husband has developed shingles. She asks the nurse if he is contagious. The best response would be that herpes zoster (shingles) is:

contagious and can be transmitted to nonimmune contacts

Select the statement that best describes a synovial or diarthrodial joint. The joint:

moves freely

The nurse is caring for a female client who asks, "Will taking estrogen increase my chances of developing breast cancer?" Which statement is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support estrogen as the cause of breast cancer"

A nurse holds an exercise class for older adults and knows which statement by a class member requires clarification?

"Exercise can help to keep down the salt levels that cause high blood pressure"

A client recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) tells the nurse she is glad there is nothing "really wrong with her" besides some joint swelling. Which information should the nurse tell the client about RA?

"Extra-articular manifestations may include anemia and deformities of the affected joints"

The nursing student is studying hip fractures. The faculty member knows that the student understands the topic when she states:

"Femoral neck fractures, with marked displacement, are associated with an increased incidence of avascular necrosis"

A client asks how his condition, Condylomata acuminata, is caused. What is the nurse's best response?

"HPV is the cause of your condition"

Which assessment question is most likely to address the causation of a woman's new case of candidiasis?

"Have you been on antibiotics recently?"

A 21-year-old college student has sought care because of the vaginal burning, itching, and redness that have become worse in recent weeks. Which assessment question by the clinician is most likely to apply to a diagnosis of vaginitis?

"Have you ever had a sexually transmitted infection?"

A client is admitted with secondary orchitis. Which assessment question is most relevant?

"Have you ever had mumps?"

A client is diagnosed with granuloma inguinale. Which question should the nurse ask the client?

"Have you traveled outside of the country recently?"

After seeking care due to recent history of testicular enlargement and scrotal pain, a 22-year-old college student has been diagnosed with testicular cancer. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

"I can't shake this feeling like I've received a death sentence"

A client informs the nurse that he has been having difficulty sustaining an erection. Which statement made by the client demonstrates to the nurse that the client understands what a contributing factor to his erectile dysfunction is?

"I should stop smoking cigarettes. I have been smoking for 20 years"

The nurse has taught a 30-year-old female client to perform breast self-evaluation (BSE). Which statement by the client indicates correct understanding?

"I will palpate my breasts for lumps a few days after my period"

A client comes to the clinic and is diagnosed with genital herpes. Which statement by the client indicates that the nurse's teaching about management of the disease has been effective?

"I will take the acyclovir every 8 hours for the next week"

A client presents to the orthopedic clinic for evaluation since the primary care provider thinks the client may have rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which statement by the client correlates with the diagnosis of RA? Select all that apply.

"I'm having a hard time opening doors since it hurts so bad" - "Look, I didn't button all my shirts buttons...it just hurts too much and look at the swelling in my hands" - "Look how my hand is deformed. My doctor calls it hyperextension"

While working with a client with a fairly recent spinal cord injury, the partner asks about the couple's ability to maintain a sexual relationship. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

"If the parasympathetic impulses can pass from the sacral segments of spinal cord through pelvic nerves, an erection should be possible"

A pregnant 23-year-old with a diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is receiving prenatal care from her family physician. This care includes precautions to prevent transmission of the virus to her baby. What should the physician tell the client about their effects?

"If there aren't any visible lesions when you enter labor, a vaginal delivery will be safe to go ahead with"

A female client reports that her mother-in-law was just diagnosed with cervical cancer and asks the nurse about her own risk. Which response by the nurse is correct?

"If you had the HPV vaccine, your risk is greatly reduced"

Following a fracture, the nurse is educating the client and his family about bone healing. The nurse begins by stating:

"In order to initiate the cellular events essential to bone healing, within a day or so, you will develop a blood clot at the fracture site"

It is suspected that a client has osteomalacia. What should the nurse teach the client about potential causes of this condition?

"Insufficient calcium absorption and phosphate deficiency are the causes"

The client asks, "What is reduction?" How will the nurse respond?

"It refers to aligning the bone"

A client diagnosed with endometriosis asks the nurse how it is that she did not know about this when she had it for so long. What is the nurse's best response?

"It's symptoms mimic those of other disorders"

A nursing instructor is teaching students about skin structure. The instructor evaluates student knowledge of the epidermis based on which statement?

"Keratinized epithelial cells formed in the deepest layer of the epidermis migrate to the skin surface to replace cells that are lost during normal skin shedding"

A nursing instructor is teaching students about skin structure. The instructor evaluates student knowledge of the Langerhans cells based on which statement?

"Langerhans cells are the immunologic cells responsible for recognizing foreign antigens that are harmful to the body"

The physical therapy student is studying how the knee moves. The instructor knows the student understands the structure when she states:

"Ligaments join one bone to its articulating mate"

A young child asks, "How does our skin get nourished so it does not die and fall off?" The best response by the nurse would be which statement?

"Like the rest of our cells, capillaries, arteries, and veins bring nutrients to the top layer of the skin"

What information would the nurse include when teaching potential parents about prevention of congenital deformities? Select all that apply.

"Limit exposure to alcohol" - "Do not take any medication without first talking to your health care provider"

A client sought care because of increasing pain and inflammation in the toe and ankle of one foot. Diagnostic testing has resulted in a diagnosis of gouty arthritis. When educating the client about the treatment and management of the disease, what should the nurse teach the client?

"Losing some weight and reducing your alcohol intake will likely be beneficial"

A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which statement is the nurse likely to make?

"More women than men are affected by lupus"

The nurse is discussing the physical changes related to menopause with a 48-year-old woman. The client asks, "How long will it take before I am through these changes and finally reach menopause?" Which statement is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"Most women experience symptoms for about 4 years"

A new mother asks, "Why are you examining my baby's hips?" What is the nurse's best response?

"Musculoskeletal screening is important to identify anything that needs intervention"

A nurse is teaching the parent of a child with a diagnosis of Legg-Calve¨-Perthes disease about the prescribed treatment. Which statement by the parent indicates adequate understanding?

"My child will need to use crutches until the hip heals"

A female client is diagnosed with chlamydia during a routine pelvic examination. Which statement by the client indicates that the nurse's teaching about management of the disease has been effective?

"My partner will need to take antibiotics at the same time I do"

A nurse is evaluating the progress of a client with chronic fatigue syndrome. Which statement by the client indicates successful symptom management?

"My schedule includes yoga and a weekly club meeting"

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA). What does the nurse teach the client about the disease?

"OA is a disease of the weight-bearing joints"

What would be the best response to the mother of two teens who have been diagnosed with scabies?

"One of your children probably had direct contact with an infected person"

A nursing instructor is teaching students about metabolic bone diseases. She realizes a need for further instruction when one student states:

"Osteopenia is a condition that is only common in the elderly"

The nurse is teaching a client with hypertension about managing erectile dysfunction (ED). What information should the nurse share with the client?

"Participating in regular exercise may help resolve the ED"

What should the nurse teach the client about assessing for possible breast cancer?

"Perform monthly self-breast exams after menses"

A female client informs the nurse that she is having hot flashes on occasion, has trouble sleeping, and thinks that she is having some symptoms of menopause. The client asks the nurse how long these symptoms will last prior to experiencing menopause. What is the best response?

"Perimenopause can precede menopause by approximately 4 years"

A client recently diagnosed with an injury to the articular cartilage of the knee asks the nurse how long it will take the injury to heal. Which statement is the best response from the nurse?

"Regeneration of most cartilage is slow. These injuries can take a long time to heal"

The nurse has just finished teaching a client newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis about the disease. The nurse determines that teaching is effective when the client states:

"Rheumatoid arthritis includes joint involvement that is usually symmetric and polyarticular"

In a client suspected of having gonorrhea with active symptoms, what does the nurse tell the client about confirming the diagnosis?

"Since you have discharge, we can perform a culture"

What should a nurse tell a client who is concerned about melasma?

"Stay out of the sun"

A client with osteomalacia asks, "How can I be deficient in vitamin D?" Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

"Tell me about your daily food intake"

The parents of a baby born with hypospadias ask the nurse if the baby can be circumcised. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

"The circumcision will not be done now; the foreskin is needed for surgical repair"

In teaching a client about genital warts, which statement is correct for the nurse to say?

"The incubation period is 6 weeks to 3 months"

The nurse is discussing the menstrual cycle with a female client. The client asks, "Why do my hands get puffy and I gain weight right before my periods?" Which statement is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"The level of estrogen increases in your body before your period, and this causes fluid retention"

A month after surgical repair of a rotator cuff tear of the shoulder, a client tells the nurse, "This is not getting any better. I still have a lot of pain and limited motion." Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

"The shoulder joint is complex and can take up to 6 months to heal depending on the injury"

A female college student is distressed at the recent appearance of genital warts, an assessment finding that her health care provider has confirmed as attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Which information should the health care provider give the client?

"There is a chance that these will clear up on their own without any treatment"

A client asks why his partners need to know that he was diagnosed with syphilis. What is the nurse's best response?

"They will have to be treated prophylactically"

A client asks the health care provider to, "Explain brachytherapy, which is recommended for my cervical cancer." Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

"They will insert a radioactive device into your vagina and position it next to the cervix, so that curative levels of radiation are directly on the cancer site"

Which instruction is essential for the nurse to include in the care plan for a client with herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1)?

"This disease is transmitted by oral secretions"

What should the nurse teach the client about the diagnosis of "primary skin disorder"?

"This disorder is caused by a virus, bacteria, or fungus that invades the skin"

Which of the following should the nurse teach a client about syndactyly?

"This is a simple webbing of the fingers or toes"

A client shows the nurse an area on his arm where he has repeatedly been giving insulin injections to himself. The nurse feels the area and the skin appears to be thin. The nurse feels a "valley" or indentation in the area. What would the nurse tell the client?

"This is an area of atrophy"

An older adult female comes in to the clinic for her yearly gynecologic appointment and informs the nurse that she is having pain when having intercourse with her spouse. The client has been postmenopausal for at least 5 years. What is the nurse's best response?

"This is caused by a decrease in estrogen levels, but there are things that you may be able to use to help"

A couple has just learned their neonate is diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta, and they ask, "What caused our child to get this disease?" What should the health care provider teach the couple about their neonate's condition?

"This is something that your child may have inherited from one or both of you"

The nurse is teaching a female client who has been prescribed hormone therapy. The client asks, "What does this medication do?" Which statement is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"This medication will help relieve hot flashes and other adverse symptoms of menopause"

After an office visit with her primary health provider, a female client with an elevated CA-125 test result asks the nurse if that means she has ovarian cancer. What is the nurse's best response?

"This test is not specific for ovarian cancer but suggest further evaluation to find the elevation"

A client with new-onset herpes zoster (shingles) asks the nurse, "Why is this rash just on my face?" Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

"This virus was reactivated and travels from the ganglia to the skin of the corresponding single spinal nerve like your face"

A nurse is caring for a client with a fractured elbow. Which instruction is important to give the client to prevent cartilage degeneration while the elbow is immobilized?

"To prevent cartilage atrophy, slowly and gradually resume exercising"

A young woman has contracted the human papillomavirus (HPV) and has developed genital warts. The client is eager to receive an HPV vaccine, citing the large number of television advertisements she has seen. How should the nurse best respond?

"Unfortunately, these vaccines may be less effective once you have HPV"

A client is concerned about bone strength and development and asks the nurse if dietary sources of vitamin D will cause immediate activity within the skeletal system. The best response by the nurse would be:

"Vitamin D has little or no activity until it has been converted to physiologically active compounds"

A client with vulvodynia tells the nurse, "This is not getting better. I just can't live like this." What is the best response by the nurse?

"What bothers you the most about your condition"

The nurse is caring for a 48-year-old female client who asks, "How do you know when you have reached menopause?" Which statement is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"You are considered to be menopausal when you have not menstruated for a full year and the hormone that fluctuates with menstruation no longer fluctuates"

A client asks "Why do I have albinism?" What is the nurse's best answer?

"You inherited this disorder"

A client asks the nurse how he will know if he has syphilis after sexual contact. What is the nurse's best response?

"You will develop a sore on your penis or scrotum"

What should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a client with a grade 4 sprain?

"You will need to keep your joint immobilized for 4 to 6 weeks"

A female client with uterine leiomyomas asks the nurse about her risk of uterine cancer. Which statement best answers the question?

"Your leiomyomas may cause heavy periods but will not become cancerous"

The nursing instructor is teaching about osteoporosis and tells students that reduced physical activity can contribute to the loss of bone mass. What does the nurse tell the students is the rationale for this?

"reduced physical activity increases the rate of bone loss, as mechanical forces are important stimuli for normal bone remodeling"

A nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with osteoarthritis about the joint capsule. Which statement made by the client indicates that teaching was successful?

"the synovial fluid in my joint capsule acts as a lubricant and helps the movement of the joint's articulating surfaces"

The nurse determines that additional client education is needed when a client with gout makes which statement?

"when I have an exacerbation of my symptoms, a glass of red wine will be helpful"

A client is being seen in the primary care physician's office for a follow up appointment for a second-degree burn. The burn is healing. In approximately what time frame do second-degree burns maintain their softness and elasticity but may have loss of sensation with scar formation?

1 month

An asymptomatic client who is worried about developing breast cancer due to the fact that it runs in her family asks the nurse if she could have a mammogram to see if she has any lumps. The nurse informs the client that a tumor usually is undetectable until it has doubled 30 times and contains more than 1 billion cells. This means that at this point it measures approximately which size?

1cm

What are the nutritional protein requirements for an individual with a pressure ulcer?

30-35 calories/kg/day

When a woman asks the nurse at what age menopause usually occurs, what should the nurse respond?

48 to 55 years of age

A physician is providing care for several clients on a hospital-based medical ward. Which client is most likely to experience chronic fatigue?

51-year-old woman admitted for exacerbation of her multiple sclerosis

After inoculation with HPV, genital warts may begin to grow. They usually manifest as soft, raised fleshy lesions on the external genitalia of either male or female. What is the incubation period for HPV-induced genital warts?

6 weeks to 8 months

It is important to test anyone who has had sex with an individual tests positive for gonorrhea within how many days of the diagnosis?

60

Within how many days it is important to test anyone who has had sex with an individual who tests positive for gonorrhea?

60

A nurse who works in a fertility clinic is conducting a program on options for various fertility issues. The nurse judges that the participants understand the education when they identify that donor eggs are the best option for which woman?

A 42-year-old

Which sexually active woman most likely faces the highest risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy?

A 42-year-old who has decided to try to have one more child and has had her tubal ligation reversed

Which clients are exhibiting manifestations of chronic fatigue? Select all that apply.

A 42-year-old who has experiences muscle pain, insomnia, and continuous fatigue for 6 months - A 56-year-old who is receiving chemotherapy for cancer and feels fatigue even with additional naps - A 75-year-old who has shortness of breath from heart failure, sleeps 8 hours nightly, and awakens tired

The nurse is reviewing the health histories of four clients. Select the client most at risk for developing secondary osteoporosis.

A 60-year-old female taking prednisone for asthma

A nurse is caring for four clients. Select the client most at risk for the development of a pressure ulcer.

A 72-year-old undernourished female who recently underwent thigh surgery

Which individual is likely to have the highest risk of developing tuberculosis osteomyelitis?

A 79-year old man who is immunocompromised following a bone marrow transplant

A client who has developed rheumatoid arthritis can experience joint inflammation that involves of immunologic mediation triggered by which physiologic response?

A T-cell-mediated response to an immunologic trigger, such as a microbial agent

A skin care consultant informs the client that he needs to bathe and use a soft cloth to remove dead cells on the skin surface. The rationale for this action is based on the fact that:

A basal cell is mitotically active and pushes older dead cells to the skin's surface

A 30-year-old woman who just found out that she is pregnant seeks treatment for her severe acne. Which treatment for her skin condition is most appropriate?

A benzoyl peroxide agent

The first manifestation that a client has osteoporosis is when presenting with which condition?

A bone fracture

The client has a Bartholin cyst that has developed into an abscess. The nurse explains to the client the plan of care, including which treatments?

A catheter may be inserted to drain the cyst for several weeks"

Which child requires further assessment of potential abnormalities?

A child who is walking but has external rotations of the feet

Which client is at highest risk of developing trichomoniasis?

A client who is sexually active

A parent brings his child to the emergency department after the child sustains a fall from a tree. The child has severe right arm pain. A radiograph shows a complete break in the humerus with multiple pieces of bone at the fracture line and the skin is not broken. This type of fracture is classified as:

A closed, comminuted fracture

Which term is correctly linked with its definition?

A corn is a keratinous thickening of skin

The nurse is caring for a client with acute gout. The nurse reviews the client's medical history for what possible contributors to secondary gout? Select all that apply.

A decreased glomerular filtration rate - Diagnosed with a hemolytic anemia - Has been taking a cytotoxic medication

While explaining to a client about the various forms and function of connective tissue, the nurse gives the example of a repair of a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which is due to which tissue problem?

A dense, regular connective tissue tear that is usually rich in collagen fibers that allows ligaments to join bone to bone

In a child, the epiphyses and metaphysis are separated by:

A growth plate

The primary reason genital herpes has reached epidemic proportions throughout the world relates to the fact that:

A large percentage (70%) of those infected experience no symptoms of the disease

The nurse suspects which female client may be at risk for infertility?

A long distance runner

Which client is at greatest risk for developing balanoposthitis?

A male who has an uncircumcised penis

Which client presenting to the emergency department would most likely be diagnosed with a pathologic stress fracture?

A postmenopausal female who was diagnosed with breast cancer with metastasis to bone

A man's primary care physician has characterized his skin lesion as being a temporary eruption but has cautioned him against repeated rubbing or scratching to avoid lichenization. What is the most likely categorization of the man's skin lesion?

A rash

Most of the body's hair follicles are paired with which anatomical part?

A sebaceous gland

The health care provider is evaluating a client with a suspected benign bone tumor. Which description on the radiology results correlates with this finding?

A uniform and well-defined area with well-demarcated edges

Which information is essential for a nurse to include in the teaching plan for a client receiving metronidazole for trichomoniasis?

Abstinence is recommended until the therapy is completed

The skin covers the body, and it is exposed to a number of potentially damaging agents in the external environment. What effects do ultraviolet rays of sunlight have on the skin? Select all that apply.

Accelerating the effect of aging on the skin - Predisposing to the development of skin cancer - Causing potential for directly damaging the skin

Which disorder of the skin is most likely to respond to treatment with systemic antibiotics like tetracycline?

Acne vulgaris

Which skin disorder seen in older adults is considered a premalignant lesion?

Actinic keratosis

While explaining the physiology behind systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), the nurse would mention which development as a hallmark of this disease?

Activation of fibroblasts, resulting in fibrosis

An adult male reports painful urination, rectal pain, fever/chills, general malaise and myalgia. Vital signs are: temperature, 101.7°F (38.7°C); blood pressure, 105/74 mm Hg; pulse, 98 bpm; respiration, 22 breaths/min. What condition should the health care provider suspect?

Acute bacterial prostatitis

An adolescent male comes to the urgent care clinic. Upon assessment, the following is noted: history of circumcision, erythema of the glans, and prepuce with a malodorous discharge. Based on symptoms, the probable diagnosis would be:

Acute superficial balanoposthitis

We have both red and yellow bone marrow in our bodies. What is yellow bone marrow largely composed of?

Adipose cells

What is a primary intervention for the nurse to implement for a client with pelvic inflammatory disease ?

Administer antibiotic therapy

A client is experiencing severe pain in his back to the point of being immobile and running a temperature. The client also has swelling in his lower back (vertebrae). Following biopsy, the results show spinal tuberculosis. The nurse will anticipate explaining which priority intervention to this client?

Administer the four-drug antimicrobial medications

A teenager is interested in determining the cause of his acne. Which factors contribute to an increase in sebum production that can lead to acne? Select all that apply.

Adolescence - Enlargement of sebaceous glands - Rise in androgen hormone levels - Inflammation of the sebaceous glands

What should the nurse do when a woman who stopped breast-feeding her infant 3 months ago complains of occasional milk leakage from her breasts?

Advise the woman that this is a normal occurrence after stopping breast-feeding

Nursing students are studying metabolic disorders of the skeletal system and correctly identify which factor to be the major cause of osteoporosis?

Aging process

Which statement about the structure of the skin is correct?

All five layers of the epidermis lack a blood supply

A client who has a fractured ankle is complaining of knee and hip pain. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

All nerves that cross articulations innervate each joint of an extremity

A client who sustained a fractured femur and multiple internal injuries during an accident is placed in balanced skeletal traction. Which goals are achieved with this type of traction? Select all that apply.

Allowing the bone to heal - Reducing muscle spasms

A female client with anorexia nervosa tells the nurse that she has been experiencing amenorrhea. The nurse is aware that this is a result of:

Alteration of critical body fat-to-muscle ratio needed for menses to occur

Adult rickets can result from several disorders. It can also have a pharmacologic basis for its onset. Which medication can cause rickets in an adult?

Aluminum-sparing antacids

The nurse is teaching a prevention program on premature osteoporosis. The nurse determines the participants understand the information when they identify which cause of osteoporosis that is commonly seen in female athletes playing endurance sports?

Amenorrhea

Which client would be considered high risk for falling and fracturing the hip?

An 81-year-old woman taking medication for osteoporosis

A client is seen in the primary care office with eczema. What is the best description to include in the electronic medical record about the skin assessment?

An acute, red, itchy, vesicular crusted lesion

Which best describes metatarsus adductus?

An adducted forefoot that gives the foot a kidney-shaped appearance

A 24-year-old female presents with vulvar pruritus accompanied by irritation, pain on urination, erythema, and an odorless, thick, acid vaginal discharge. She denies sexual activity during the last 6 months. Her records show that she has diabetes mellitus and uses oral contraceptives. Which category of medication is most likely to resolve her symptoms?

An azole antifungal agent

The nurse is reinforcing information given to the client who is asking about screening for prostrate cancer. Which of these will be nurse teach the client about the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test?

An elevated score on a PSA test does not necessarily indicate the presence of cancer

Which client would be predisposed to developing a yeast-like Candida albicans fungal infection?

An immunosuppressed client with cancer who has developed maculopapular satellite lesions

The nurse is providing an education session regarding mobility for a client who experienced a myocardial infarction 10 days ago. While reviewing for this educational session, the nurse should recognize that which teaching point would not be appropriate to discuss with this client?

An individual who has been on bed rest has a faster heart beat and as a result there can be an increase in blood pressure

Which client is at highest risk for developing acute bacterial prostatitis?

An older adult male diagnosed with frequent urinary tract infections testing positive for Gram-negative rods

A client is admitted into the emergency department with a sustained erection lasting 4 hours. Which initial treatments does the nurse anticipate administering? Select all that apply.

Analgesics, Sedation, Hydrating Measures

The nurse is taking the history of a 30-year-old female client with amenorrhea. What factors does the nurse identify as contributing to the condition? Select all that apply.

Anorexia nervosa, Long-distance running, Pituitary tumor

The nurse is explaining ovulation to a female client. The nurse explains that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are important hormones needed to ovulate and are secreted by which gland?

Anterior pituitary

Which statement about temperature regulation and skin is accurate?

Arteriovenous anastomoses between an artery and a vein within the skin layer are important for temperature regulation

Which statement describes the blood supply to a synovial joint?

Articulating areas are nourished indirectly by the synovial fluid

A client who has a history of untreated cervicitis tells the nurse that she is concerned about the risk of experiencing problems with fertility. The nurse explains that problems may result from:

Ascending infection of the fallopian tubes

The health care provider is evaluating a client who is at risk for the development of osteonecrosis. The client is at risk for:

Aseptic necrosis of a bone segment caused by interruption of the blood supply

A client is experiencing pain in the knee and is diagnosed with inflammatory joint disease. In order to confirm the diagnosis, the nurse will anticipate teaching the client about which procedure?

Aspiration of the synovial fluid

A child presents to the emergency room with suspected trauma to the growth plate in the ankle during a soccer game. Which step is the best intervention?

Assess the child for pain and prepare for diagnostic studies

Which intervention should the nurse include in the initial care plan for a child who is "toeing out"?

Assess the child periodically

A postmenopausal woman is ordered to take calcium supplements daily. Which intervention is essential for this client?

Assessing Vitamin D levels prior to starting calcium

The nurse is screening a newborn for developmental dysplasia of the hip. Which assessment finding supports this diagnosis?

Asymmetrical gluteal and thigh folds

The nurse planning care for a menopausal woman should include interventions to decrease risk for:

Atherosclerosis

The nurse is discussing hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) with a postmenopausal woman. The nurse points out that concerns relating to their use include increased risk for which disease processes? Select all that apply.

Atherosclerosis, Breast Cancer

A nurse is attempting to culture a lesion to determine if a client has genital herpes. What is the nurse's best action?

Attempt to culture a lesion as soon as it develops

A 29-year-old client had a Papanicolaou smear performed during her most recent visit to her primary care provider. This diagnostic procedure aims to identify:

Atypical cervix cellular changes

A nurse is caring for a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following causes the disease?

Autoimmune process

When teaching a client with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which factor does the nurse explain is an underlying cause of this disease?

Autologous antibodies

When a nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which behavior will best help prevent exacerbations of the disease?

Avoiding ultraviolet light (UV)

A nurse is assessing a client's apocrine sweat glands. Which locations should be looked at? Select all that apply.

Axillae, Anal area, Genitals

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic adenocarcinomas present differently. The nurse is aware of which difference?

BPH is commonly located in the periurethral zone of the prostate, while prostate cancer is commonly located in the peripheral zones of the prostate

A client presents to the outpatient clinic complaining of gray discharge that has a fishy odor. The health care provider sees "clue cells" on wet-mount microscopic exam. This would most likely lead to the diagnosis of:

Bacterial vaginosis

A client has been referred to the dermatology office for an evaluation of a suspected common malignant tumor of the skin. Which is the most common malignant tumor of the skin?

Basal cell carcinoma

Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine. Why is it first noticed?

Because of the deformity it causes

A nurse is floated to orthopedics to help with new admissions following a major accident on the highway. While caring for one client, the nurse notes a change in behavior, some disorientation, shortness of breath and tachycardia. Suspecting fat embolism, the priority for the health care provider should include which intervention(s)? Select all that apply.

Begin oxygenation - Page respiratory therapist to draw arterial blood gases - Administer corticosteroids stat

What is the term use to describe a tumor that while growing slowly does not destroy the surrounding tissues?

Benign

A male client reports frequent urination, difficulty starting to urinate, and dribbling after he has finished urinating. Which diagnosis correlates with this client's manifestations?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Acne vulgaris is typically an infection in the adolescent population. What topical agent used in the treatment of acne is both an antibacterial and a comedolytic?

Benzoyl peroxide

The nurse knows which teaching statement listed below best captures an aspect of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)?

Biological markers for the diagnosis of CFS

Which interventions for a client with metastatic bone disease can help prevent pathologic fractures? Select all that apply.

Bisphosphonates - Radiation therapy

Based on the group that statistically has the greatest risk, the health care provider should assess which ethnic group for prostate cancer?

Black

A client on the urology floor who has BPH asks the nurse how the pharmacologic agent finasteride will help decrease the size of his prostate. Which principle explains the mechanism of action?

Blocking effects of androgens on the prostate

A 59-year-old woman with a recent diagnosis of breast cancer has begun a course of hormone therapy. What is the goal of this pharmacologic treatment?

Blocking effects of estrogen on the growth of malignant cells

When explaining to the client diagnosed with gout how the xanthine oxidase inhibitors work, the health care provider would include which statement?

Blocks the production of uric acid by the body

The nurse in the urology office recognizes screening men at risk for prostate cancer includes which diagnostic measures?

Blood level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal exam

What is a priority concern for a client who has a hip dislocation?

Blood supply to the femoral head

The nurse is providing care for an adult client whose current medication regimen includes calcitonin and a bisphosphonate. The nurse should recognize the likely need for:

Bone density testing on a scheduled basis

While taking a client history, which finding may lead the nurse to suspect the client is at risk for developing osteonecrosis?

Bone marrow ischemia due to radiation therapy for cancer

Which statement about bone mass and older adults is accurate?

Bone resorption and formation are no longer perfectly coupled, and bone mass is loss

The skeletal system is composed of bone and cartilage. Which statement regarding the skeletal system is most accurate?

Bones provide protection for internal organs

A 16-year-old hockey player is driven into the boards by an opposing player. The impact damages the client's knee, and fluid-filled sacs in the knee have been damaged. Where is this client's injury?

Bursae

What are the closed sacs that are formed from the synovial membrane (but are not part of the joint) called?

Bursae

In contrast to synarthroses joints, how are synovial joints linked to the bone?

By a joint capsule

Laboratory analysis of vaginal discharge identifies hyphae on microscopic exam and pH of 4.2. The client most likely has:

C. albicans

The physician is reviewing lab results for his client with cancer and finds the client to be hypercalcemic. What will the physician prescribe?

Calcitonin

While discussing hormonal control of bone formation, one should note that which hormone lowers blood calcium levels and decreases bone resorption?

Calcitonin

Calcitonin has what relationship to bone growth?

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels

The nurse has completed an assessment of a client and noted a hyperkeratotic plaque of skin that resulted from chronic pressure or friction. The nurse would document this as:

Callus

An industrial laborer uses his hands every day when he lifts and transfers heavy materials. Which integumentary adaptation to his work is normal?

Calluses

When trying to explain the advantages of using an emollient over other products to a client suffering from dry skin, the nurse will emphasize that emollients:

Can replenish the oils on the skin surface because they contain fatty acids

A group of student nurses are reviewing the bones in the human body. What is the term for spongy bone?

Cancellous

The student is studying the types of mature bones. The spongy bone found in the interior of bones and composed of spicules is:

Cancellous

A sexually active female presents to the clinic with white copious vaginal discharge, itch, swelling, and dysuria. The nurse anticipates the client will be treated for the overgrowth of which organism?

Candida albicans

A client complains of not being able to experience satisfactory sexual intercourse. The nurse knows that erectile dysfunction is now recognized as a marker for:

Cardiovascular disease

A client is admitted to the hospital with thermal injuries as a result of a fire. What type of damage of the skin can occur as a result of the thermal injuries? Select all that apply.

Cause damage to the skin and subcutaneous tissue - Destroy the barrier function of the skin

An adult client reports persistent vaginal irritation and recurrent infections. In her history the physician notices that she recently has been prescribed antibiotics for a respiratory infection and concludes that it has affected her normal flora by:

Causing the vaginal environment to be more alkaline than normal"

Which disorder places a client at increased risk for secondary osteoporosis? Select all that apply.

Celiac disease, hyperparathyroidism, multiple myeloma, long-term corticosteroid use

A client presents to the urgent care and tells the health care provider he came home from vacation 4 days ago and does not feel well. Upon assessment, the provider notes the client's right upper thigh area is red, warm, and painful, and the lymph nodes are palpable. The client states he had been swimming in a lake all week. The health care provider recognizes these manifestations as:

Cellulitis

A child has been diagnosed with myopathic neuromuscular scoliosis. What other concurrent diagnosis may the child have?

Cerebral palsy

A female client is infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) following unprotected sexual intercourse. The nurse prepares to teach the client about the risk of developing which cancer?

Cervical

There are many cancers of the female reproductive system. The nursing student knows that the most readily detected and most easily cured cancer—if detected early—is:

Cervical

Which condition would the nurse expect a female client with human papillomavirus (HPV) to exhibit?

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Which physiologic changes result in menopause?

Cessation of ovarian function and decreased estrogen levels

A 70-year-old client has needed to reduce the frequency of bathing due to dry skin. Which factor has resulted in this age-related change in skin function?

Change in composition of sebaceous secretions

An increase in the level of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL) results in which physiologic activity?

Changes in the rate of bone remodeling

Which type of vascular lesion occurs in nearly all people older than 30 years of age?

Cherry angiomas

A nurse is caring for an adolescent female who is undergoing diagnostic studies for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which assessment findings does the nurse recognize as being consistent with childhood SLE? Select all that apply.

Child is between 8 and 15 years of age - Child is fatigued and generally feels "under the weather" - Child has increased serum creatinine

Epididymitis can be sexually transmitted, or it can be caused by a variety of other reasons, including abnormalities in the genitourinary tract. What are the most common causes of epididymitis in young men without underlying genitourinary disease?

Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The nurse is reviewing the uses and side effects of azithromycin. For which infection is azithromycin the antibiotic of choice?

Chlamydial

A couple presents to an infertility clinic. The health care provider will focus testing on which sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is very damaging to the reproductive system but rarely exhibits symptoms of infection?

Chlamydial infection

Which risk factor is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) and considered preventable?

Cigarette Smoking

The mother requests that a circumcision be performed on a newborn with hypospadias. Which information related to treatment of hypospadias should the nurse convey?

Circumcision is avoided as the foreskin will be used to repair the urinary opening

Which woman will the nurse encourage to have annual Papanicolaou (Pap) smears? Select all that apply.

Client age 63 postmenopausal for 10 years, client age 44 has multiple sexual partners, client age 27 history of human papillomavirus (HPV)

When caring for a group of clients, the nurse recognizes which of these individuals has increased risk for balanitis?

Client with a sexually transmitted infection

Which clients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) will the nurse prioritize to assess first?

Client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chest pain

Which statement is true concerning genital herpes?

Clients can have recurrent infections

A 16-year-old male football player suffered a fracture of his radius and ulna. Assessment of the fracture includes the following data: (1) the fracture does not protrude through the skin, and (2) both bones broke completely through into two pieces. Select the best description of the injury.

Closed comminuted fracture

A client presents to the emergency department following an accident where he fell off a chair. The client reports initial hip numbness followed by increasing pain and muscle cramping. Which type of injury does the triage nurse suspect?

Closed hip fracture

Which of the following statements is true about congenital clubfoot?

Clubfoot may be associated with congenital syndromes

Which type of fracture involves healing of more than two pieces of bone?

Comminuted fracture

The nurse is caring for a client who states that he is suddenly having severe pain at a leg fracture site. The nurse notes increased swelling in the limb and difficulty palpating a pulse. The nurse suspects that the client may have:

Compartment syndrome

The older adult client tells the nurse that she believes she is getting shorter. The nurse explains to the client that height loss is caused by which occurrence with aging?

Compression of the vertebral column

Which clients should the nurse assess to determine if they have premature osteoporosis?

Compression of the vertebral column

An adult man has been brought to the emergency department with severe electrical burns. Which assessment finding leads the providers to suspect the brain has been damaged with this burn?

Confusion, memory loss, and lethargy

A client develops Reiter's syndrome. Which symptoms will the nurse assess? Select all that apply.

Conjunctivitis, Pain in the joints

The vulva area is especially prone to skin infections. The nurse knows that this occurs because of:

Constant exposure to secretions and moisture

A basketball player collided hard with another player and suffered a soft tissue injury to the forearm from the impact. The injury did not break the skin. The nurse should recognize the presence of which type of injury?

Contusion

What term describes an injury to the soft tissue of the body?

Contusion

Which structure supports the breasts while dividing the breast into 15 to 25 lobes?

Cooper ligaments

A client with a history of polymyalgia rheumatica is admitted with a suspected stroke and is permitted nothing by mouth (NPO). Given this client's prescribed medications, what parenteral medication will the nurse prioritize as most important to request from the health care provider?

Corticosteroid

Juvenile dermatomyositis is a chronic inflammatory myopathy that commonly manifests systemically. What is the treatment of choice for this myopathy?

Corticosteroids

Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of arthritis and a significant cause of disability in older adults. What joint changes occur in osteoarthritis? Select all that apply.

Creation of spurs, loss of articular cartilage, synovitis

A client arrives in the emergency department complaining of severe pain in the left testicular area with nausea and vomiting for 2 hours. The left testicle is large and tender to palpation and radiating to the inguinal area. Which of the following reflexes can the nurse assess the absence of in order to indicate testicular torsion?

Cremaster reflex

The nurse performing a musculoskeletal assessment of a client with osteoarthritis would evaluate the presence of which finding as being a normal expectation?

Crepitus and grinding

Lentigines are skin lesions common in older adults. A type of lentigo is tan to brown in color with benign spots. Lentigines are removed because they are considered precursors to skin cancer. How are lentigines removed?

Cryotherapy

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer in white-skinned people. The treatment goal that is most important is elimination of the lesion, but it is also important to maintain the function and cosmetic effect. Which treatment is used for basal cell carcinoma?

Curettage with electrodesiccation

The nurse is working with an older adult client who wishes to implement an exercise program. Which exercise regimen provides the most complete plan?

Cycling and lifting weights with a yoga class

A 45-year-old client reports "needing to bear down with urination," frequency, and occasional loss of urine when coughing. Based on symptoms, which diagnosis is most appropriate for this client?

Cystocele

What function does estrogen have regarding general body metabolic effects?

Decrease rate of bone resorption

A client who has been diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) asks if there is anything to help alleviate the symptoms. The best response would be:

Eat a diet low in simple sugars and high in protein.

When explaining polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to a newly diagnosed client, the health care worker states, "This ovarian dysfunction is caused by:

Elevated LH

Which diagnostic finding has been strongly linked to systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Elevated anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA)

A child with strep throat is given a prescription for penicillin. After the first dose, the parents call to report the development of a skin rash. Which skin lesion description leads the provider to discontinue the medication and encourage them to seek help if the child has trouble breathing?

Elevated, irregular mass of varying sizes

Fat emboli syndrome can occur after a fracture of a long bone. What is a clinical feature of this syndrome?

Encephalopathy

The nurse working in a fertility clinic is assessing a client's risk for fallopian tube obstruction. Which disorder places the woman at greatest risk for fallopian tube obstruction?

Endometriosis

Allergic and hypersensitivity dermatoses are usually characterized by which descriptor?

Epidermal edema

Which layer of the skin contains cells responsible for skin color, tanning, and protection from the sun's ultraviolet radiation?

Epidermis

Which factors can influence the growth of cells in the epiphyseal growth plate? Select all that apply.

Epiphyseal separation as a result of trauma to the site, Vitamin C deficiency, Vitamin D deficiency

The nurse is reviewing findings from the maturation index understanding that the test indicates:

Estrogen Levels

A client has been diagnosed with a superficial fungal infection. Which assessment technique is most likely assisted with this diagnosis?

Examination of the area with a Wood's light

A client has been diagnosed with breast cancer following a suspicious mammogram followed by biopsy. The nurse who is planning this client's care should recognize that her prognosis is primarily dependent on the:

Extent to which lymph nodes are involved

Which cause of pressure injuries (decubitus injuries or bedsores) impairs the flow of blood in the capillary beds?

External pressure

Which client reports would support a diagnosis of a torn ligament? Select all that apply.

Extreme pain and swelling

The endocrine system is highly involved in the female reproductive system. Which hormones are used to stimulate the primordial follicles?

FSH and LH

A client who was involved in an automobile accident experienced major trauma and sustained a fractured femur. The nurse notices the following changes 4 hours after admission to the critical care unit: Disorientation, dyspnea, tachycardia, low-grade temperature, diaphoresis, and substernal chest pain. The nurse suspects:

Fat embolism syndrome (FES)

The nurse is caring for a client who sustained a femur fracture 3 days before. The nurse notes that the client, who was previously oriented, now doesn't know where he is. The nurse suspects which condition?

Fat embolism syndrome (FES)

Which female client is most likely to experience vaginal atrophy, dyspareunia, and occasional vaginal bleeding?

Female age 67, maturation index of 70-30-0

The nurse is caring for a client with a fracture in his appendicular skeleton. Which bone is in this skeleton?

Femur

A nurse educator is explaining the process of sexual intercourse, fertilization, and fetal development to a high school biology class. What process should the nurse describe?

Fertilization in the outer portion of the fallopian tube

A female client informs the nurse that she had intercourse yesterday evening and is wondering if she could become pregnant. She asks the nurse where the fertilization (implantation) currently would be located if she was indeed pregnant. What should the nurse tell the client?

Fertilization normally occurs in the middle to outer portion of the Fallopian tube

A child has a notable limp and states there is "a lot of leg pain." There was no history of injury. Which assessment data corresponds to a diagnosis of osteomyelitis? Select all that apply.

Fever, redness, and periosteal elevation on x-ray

Our bodies contain three types of cartilage: elastic, hyaline, and fibrocartilage. Which type of cartilage is found in the symphysis pubis?

Fibrocartilage

The fallopian tubes are narrow tubes that attach bilaterally to the uterus. Within the fallopian tube, fertilization of the ovum takes place. The end of the fallopian tube nearest the ovary is funnel-like. What are the fringed, finger-like projections around the funnel-shaped opening of the fallopian tube called?

Fimbriae

In assessing a client with a fibroadenoma of the breast, what will the nurse find?

Firm, rubbery masses

A client comes in with a mild sunburn. Which term best describes the sunburn?

First-degree burn

A child has been admitted to the burn unit after pulling a pan of hot water off the stove. Given the fact that there are primarily second- and third-degree burns, the health care worker should prioritize care to focus on which of the following? Select all that apply.

Focus on replacing fluids that have been lost from the vascular, interstitial, and cellular compartments - Assess for indications that the child's airway has been compromised by assessing breath sounds and voice quality - Maintain sterile field when doing dressing changes and debridement

A client with a fractured clavicle is told that the bone will heal well if immobilized for the next 6 to 8 weeks, but there will be a large "bump" where the break occurred. This bump will be caused by?

Formation of a bony callus

A client has just become pregnant and there is a consequent increase in secretions from the columnar epithelium of her endocervix. What effect will this have?

Formation of a mucoid plug to protect her uterus

A woman with a regular 28-day menstrual cycle wishes to become pregnant. At which point in the menstrual cycle is the optimal time for intercourse to end in fertilization of the ovum?

Fourteenth day after mensus begins

A child tripped while running in the yard and reports pain with weight bearing. The next morning, the foot is swollen, discolored, and painful to touch and pressure of walking. About which problem will the health care provider likely be talking to the parents and the child related to this injury?

Fractured bone

The client has a stage III pressure ulcer. Which is the best description of a stage III pressure ulcer?

Full-thickness skin loss involving damage and necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to but not through underlying fascia

Which statement is true regarding the development of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

Generalized stunted growth can occur

What is the term for the condition that involves dyspareunia and widespread vaginal burning in the absence of bacterial presence?

Generalized vulvodynia

Which event is associated with the primary stage of syphilis?

Genital chancres

A 22-year-old female client states she has vaginal itching with pain and small vesicles that appear on the vagina when she is stressed. The health care provider suspects the client most likely is experiencing which condition?

Genital herpes

When caring for a client with ankylosing spondylitis, the nurse tells the client that stiffness may be relieved by which intervention?

Gentle exercise

The nurse is caring for a client with lichen simplex chronicus. What assessment finding does the nurse expect?

Gray-white plaques with an irregular surface

Age-related melanin deficiency leads to which manifestation?

Graying hair

Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal infection seen by health care providers. What is the predominant symptom of bacterial vaginosis?

Greyish white discharge with a fishy odor

A female client is admitted for lesions on her vulva, which has become infected. The nurse understands that diseases of the external genitalia are similar to which other lesions elsewhere in the body?

Hair-bearing skin

When assessing a client diagnosed with Paget disease focused in the skull, the nurse should anticipate which findings? Select all that apply.

Headaches, intermittent tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss

A client tells the nurse she is very concerned because the health care provider informed her that her fractured arm is healing with malunion. The nurse recognizes this as:

Healing with deformity, angulation, or rotation that is visible on x-ray film

When teaching a client about areas of the body typically affected by gout, the nurse would include which locations? Select all that apply.

Heel, Metatarsals, Heel

A client comes to the clinic and informs the nurse that he was playing soccer and was kicked in the scrotal area on the right side. The nurse observes that the scrotal skin on the right side is dark red. What should the nurse suspect this client may have?

Hematocele

The nurse is assessing a client with a collection of blood in the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum. How does the nurse correctly document this in the medical record?

Hematocele

The client develops osteomyelitis that has originated from infectious organisms that reach the bone through the bloodstream. This is known as which type of osteomyelitis?

Hematogenous

A client has fractured the sternum when the chest hit the steering wheel during an accident. Which statement most accurately describes the physiologic function of bone marrow?

Hematopoiesis takes place in red bone marrow

An older adult client presents with noted burning pain along the thoracic region with a tingling sensation and extreme sensitivity of the skin to touch, but there is no rash present at this time. Which skin problem will the health care provider interpret for this client?

Herpes zoster

Which factor is genetically determined and primarily responsible for dark skin tone?

High production of melanin

A 38-year-old woman with proliferative breast changes of papilloma asks the nurse about her risk for breast cancer. Which statement of risk is correct?

Higher because of your papilloma

The nurse is performing an admission assessment to a rehabilitation unit. Which assessment tools should she utilize to determine an alert client's normal activities, perceived level of activity tolerance, or level of fatigue?

Human activity profile

A female client is found to have genital warts during a routine pelvic examination. Which sexually transmitted infection will the nurse prepare to test for?

Human papillomavirus

When educating a group of teenagers about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the school nurse also mentions that cervical cancer has been associated with which viral infection?

Human papillomavirus

A 22-year-old client has presented to the primary health care provider for an annual Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Which infection will give abnormal results of this diagnostic test?

Human papillomavirus (HIV)

Which factor in a client's history is most likely related to the diagnosis of cervical squamous dysplasia?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection

Which signs and symptoms should prompt a young woman's primary care provider to assess for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Joint pain and proteinuria

The nurse is performing a newborn assessment on a 2-day-old male infant. Assessment reveals the presence of the urethral opening on the ventral side of the penis. The nurse would document this finding as being:

Hypospadias

A client calls the clinic and informs the nurse that he has sustained an erection for 3 hours and that it is extremely painful. The client has a history of sickle cell disease and this has not happened to him in the past. Which instruction should the nurse give to the client?

If the client does not seek medical attention, impotence may result.

In severe Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, hospitalization is required. When large areas of the skin are lost, what intravenous medication may speed up the healing process?

Immunoglobin

A client is admitted with a prolonged and painful erection that has lasted longer than 4 hours. The nurse knows that this is a true urologic emergency, and that the cause is:

Impaired blood flow in the corpora cavernosa of the penis

An adult male has been diagnosed with mumps orchitis. The nurse should educate the client regarding which complication associated with mumps orchitis?

Impaired spermatogenesis

Which findings contribute to falls in older adults? Select all that apply.

Impaired vision - Impaired hearing - Dizziness - Unsteady gait

A parent calls the health care provider reporting the child has red sores on the face, especially around the nose and mouth that have pus/fluid inside and when the sores burst, they develop a honey-colored crust. The parent is asking whether to make an appointment. Which contagious skin lesion does the provider think the child has developed?

Impetigo pustule

An older adult client has been diagnosed with metastatic bone disease. Which aspect of the client's care plan most directly addresses a common complication of this disease?

Implementing falls prevention measures

A client has developed priapism. For which outcome is this client at risk?

Impotence

The nurse is explaining the process of conception to a group of middle-school students and points out that fertilization occurs:

In the middle to outer portion of the fallopian tube

A female client with blocked fallopian tubes seeks assistance at a fertility clinic. Which assisted reproductive technology will bring the greatest chance for conception?

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

The elderly nursing home resident has a fractured humerus. In order to promote healing, the physician recommends:

Including fish in the diet on a routine basis

Which assessment finding indicates a positive respiratory response to exercise?

Increased alveolar perfusion

On the advice of the primary health care provider, a client has begun taking vitamin D supplements on a daily basis for which possible outcome?

Increased calcium absorption from the digestive tract

A client has been diagnosed with nevus with architectural disorder with cytologic atypia (former known as dysplastic nevus). Because of the large size of the nevi, the nurse will educate this client on which priority topic?

Increased risk for melanoma

A nurse is teaching individuals at a community health fair about the effects of photoaging due to sun exposure. Which group of people are best protected from these effects?

Individuals with dark skin

A client who has recently been diagnosed with polymyositis asks the nurse how this problem arose. The nurse tells the client that the underlying cause of this disorder is:

Inflammation and immune mechanisms

The client has a cast applied for a fractured tibia. Which physiologic response to the fracture places this client at risk for compartment syndrome?

Inflammation causes increase in volume but cast limits compartment size

A client is experiencing oligomenorrhea. The nurse interprets this as:

Infrequent menstruation with periods more than 35 days apart

A client with osteoarthritis states that every morning "it gets harder and harder to loosen up". The client's main therapy to this point is the use of over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs). These drugs reduce the client's pain by:

Inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis

An otherwise healthy 35-year-old client has been admitted for treatment of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is prescribed cyclophosphamide. What should the nurse include in the plan of care? Select all that apply.

Inspecting oral mucosa, avoiding invasive procedures, monitoring urine output

The nurse is explaining to a client that there are "cushions" in his back to absorb any jarring movement of the spine. Which anatomical structure is the nurse referring to?

Intervertebral disks

An 18-year-old woman presents at the clinic complaining of new-onset breakthrough bleeding, even though she is taking contraceptives. What contraceptive use, along with new-onset breakthrough bleeding, has been associated with pelvic inflammatory disease?

Intrauterine device

Which disorder of the male genitourinary system creates the most urgent need for prompt and aggressive surgical treatment?

Intravaginal testicular torsion

A child is being treated for hematogenous osteomyelitis. Which statement is an accurate description of this type of osteomyelitis?

Introduction of microorganisms from the bloodstream

When assessing a client with rheumatoid arthritis, which statement about joint involvement is most accurate?

Involvement is symmetric and polyarticular, initially starting in the fingers, hands, and wrists

A client reporting low abdominal pain, purulent cervical discharge, and painful intercourse is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The provider educates the client about this disease mentioning which statement?

Is a polymicrobial infection of the upper reproductive tract

The community health nurse is conducting a men's health class. Which of these does the nurse relate as the major role of the prostate?

It increases sperm motility

What is the purpose of a bursa?

It is a fluid-filled sac that prevents friction on a tendon

A client has tendonitis. What will the nurse teach the client about this disorder?

It is caused by overuse

In general, how are children affected by a rheumatic disease such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

It is characterized by synovitis and can influence epiphyseal growth, resulting in stunted growth

Which is an accurate statement about fibrocartilage?

It is found in the intervertebral disks

Which statement is true concerning acute fatigue?

It serves a protective function for the body

The parents of a 9-year-old child ask the nurse for information about quadrivalent human papillomavirus recombinant vaccine. Which instructions are appropriate for the nurse to provide? Select all that apply.

It should be given before the child is sexually active, it prevents a common cause of cervical cancer, it can be given to boys and girls

The nurse is assessing a client with darker skin. The nurse is aware that:

It will be difficult to observe - Erythema will be difficult to observe - Verbal histories are important in skin assessment

The pediatric nurse is providing teaching to a parent of a child with toeing-out (slew foot). Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?

It will most likely self-correct as the child becomes proficient in walking

Which assessment finding is most clearly suggestive of initial genital herpes (herpes simplex virus, HSV) in a male client?

Itching, pain, and the emergence of pustules on the penis

Scabies infections are caused by mites that burrow under the skin. They are usually easily treated by bathing with a mite-killing agent and leaving it on for 12 hours. When scabies are resistant to the mite-killing agent, what oral drug is prescribed?

Ivermectin

Disuse of a muscle and muscle atrophy contribute to the weakening and wasting of muscle tissue. What else do they contribute to?

Joint contractures

The hormone progesterone is metabolized in which organ?

Liver

Select the treatment of choice for syphilis.

Long-acting penicillin in a single injection

The nurse is reviewing laboratory values of a 70-year-old female client and observes the client's low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level is elevated. The nurse understands a possible reason for this is:

Long-term estrogen deprivation

Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, occurs at all ages and in all races. What happens in dark-skinned people who have eczema?

Loss of pigmentation from lichenified skin

A client with a spinal cord injury has experienced contractures and destructive changes in the joints of the lower extremities. The nurse determines which of the following is the most likely cause?

Loss of proprioception and reflex control of the muscles

If not treated urgently, testicular torsion can result in which complication?

Loss of testicular perfusion

The nurse is assessing a client with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). What does the nurse expect to find?

Lower back pain

Which immune cells are found in the dermis? Select all that apply.

Macrophages, T cells, Mast cells, Fibroblasts

Which neoplasm of the skin is a rapidly progressive and metastatic form of cancer?

Malignant melanoma

A client has just received the diagnosis of malignant melanoma, stage 3B. He asks the nurse what this means. The nurse should respond by relaying which information? Select all that apply.

Malignant melanoma is a very rapid growing, aggressive cancer - Your cancer has grown into the deep tissues and quite likely into lymph nodes

A woman reports to the primary healthcare provider that she experiences monthly changes before her menstrual cycle. Which statement demonstrates understanding of premenstrual disorders?

Many women report premenstrual emotional or physical changes

While explaining to a group of nursing students the difference between benign and malignant bone tumors, the instructor will emphasize that a benign tumor:

May be asymptomatic and detected incidentally - May cause the client to have a pathological fracture

When talking to a group of teenagers about ways to protect against skin damage from ultraviolet radiation, the nurse should discuss which type of tissues or cells?

Melanocytes

A client expresses concern to the nurse about an area of skin on the chest that has recently turned white and was diagnosed as vitiligo. Which principle best explains the cause of vitiligo to the client?

Melanocytes are destroyed, leading to a complete absence of melanin pigment

A client has sought care for a serious sunburn that resulted from falling asleep at the beach. What physiologic process was involved in the client's overexposure to ultraviolet radiation?

Melanocytes were unable to sufficiently protect that client

Which of these is a characteristic of impetigo?

Most common superficial bacterial infection

A nurse is educating a group of students about the spread of sexually transmitted infections. Which is a potential portal of entry for most sexually transmitted infections?

Mouth

A client has been diagnosed with acute cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Which clinical manifestation correlates to this diagnosis?

Mucopurulent drainage

A client is diagnosed with vulvar carcinoma, which appears as an inconspicuous thickening of the skin resembling eczema or dermatitis and may produce few symptoms other than pruritus, local discomfort, and exudation. The nurse understands that the cancer metastasizes readily through which mode?

Multiple lymph channels

A client presents with joint pain and suspected rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which intervention is appropriate for the nurse to implement?

Muscle-strengthening exercises to support joints

When one of the mucosal glands becomes blocked and traps mucus in the deeper glands, what kind of cyst forms within the cervix?

Nabothian cysts

Which assessment finding best confirms the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Negative anti-DNA antibody test

An male client presents with urethral itching, burning, pain, and a creamy, yellow discharge following unprotected sex with a new partner 3 days ago. The nurse anticipates the client to be diagnosed with which sexually transmitted infection?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

When explaining to a class of nursing students the effects of dysregulation of the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway, the instructor emphasizes that this plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of which bone diseases? Select all that apply.

Neoplasia of the bone, osteoporosis

The nurse is caring for a client with newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which over-the-counter medication does the nurse recognize is useful in treating inflammation, arthritis, and pleuritis?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

What is the term used to refer to the failure of bone to heal before the process of bone repair stops?

Nonunion

A newly pregnant woman reports to the nurse that her breasts are excessively tender and that her areolae and nipples are becoming darker and more prominent. The nurse should describe which cause of these changes?

Normal changes of pregnancy due to increased levels of estrogen and progesterone

A female client is being seen in the ED with complaints of lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia, back pain, purulent cervical discharge, and the presence of adnexal tenderness and painful cervix on bimanual pelvic examination. The nurse suspects the client has pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and will assess the client for:

Number of sexual partners

Shortly after a closed fracture has occurred, what localized early manifestation occurs?

Numbness

When a nurse is assessing a client with osteoarthritis, which factor poses a risk for the disease?

Obesity

The nurse is conducting a health promotion class on osteoarthritis (OA). Which statement should the nurse include?

Obesity is a strong risk factor for developing OA

While measuring the height of a 12-year-old girl, the primary care provider noted a deviation of the girl's spine. This was quantified as being a right curve scoliosis of approximately 10 degrees deviation. Which treatment option is most appropriate?

Observation and no active treatment

Select the correct statement regarding herpes simplex virus.

Only two strains of the virus are considered sexually transmittable

A 27-year-old male developed mumps and was ill for several days. The client suddenly developed a fever and painful enlargement of the testes approximately 4 days after recovering. The nurse should suspect that the client has developed:

Orchitis

The primary care provider has positioned an infant in the supine position with both knees flexed and applied gentle downward pressure to both knees. The knee and thigh have been abducted while an upward and medial pressure was applied to the proximal thigh. What examination technique has been performed on this infant?

Ortolani Maneuver

The health care provider finds these assessment findings: (1) pain in the front of the knee; (2) swelling/tenderness with a prominent tibial tubercle. Which diagnosis correlates to these findings?

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Bone formation occurs in two stages. Which stage involves the formation of prebone or unmineralized bone?

Ossification

Which statement will the nurse include when teaching about fetal development?

Ossification of the fetal skeleton begins in the ninth week

An adult female client describes the pain in her hand as having an audible grinding and cracking sound, especially in her thumb with the inability to open a jar. The health care provider suspects the client has which type of joint disease?

Osteoarthritis

A client has developed increased resorption of bone with removal of mineral content. This is most likely the result of:

Osteoclasts

Which statements are true regarding bone remodeling? Select all that apply.

Osteoclasts gradually remove dead bone - Mineralized bone is present along the lines of the injury

The client with sickle cell disease is at risk for development of which bone complication?

Osteonecrosis

Lamellar bone is the bone tissue that is found in the adult body. What is lamellar bone largely composed of?

Osteons

A client presents with a "spur" on the joint. The client asks, "Why did this happen? I guess I just did not exercise enough." Which pathophysiologic mechanism of osteoarthritis (OA) should the nurse explain to this client?

Osteophyte formation and erosion of cartilage

A 75-year-old female has been admitted to the hospital with a hip fracture. She states, "All I did was fall into my chair, not even very hard." Upon diagnostic testing, the client's bones shows loss of trabeculae from cancellous bone and thinning of the cortex. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Osteoporosis

A 13-year-old girl and her father have come to emergency department for assessment of the girl's stiff and warm knee. The father reports that she hurt it sliding into base during a softball game, but later in the interview it becomes clear that the slide made an existing pain worse. Her knee had been stiff, warm, and shiny, and had been keeping her awake at night for a week or so before the game. Which condition might be the cause of the girl's symptoms?

Osteosarcoma

A client presents with sudden onset of deep, localized pain and swelling in the proximal femur while undergoing diagnostic workup for suspected lung cancer. The nurse suspects the client may have developed which type of neoplasm of the skeletal system?

Osteosarcoma

The nurse providing teaching about the female reproductive system includes which principle?

Ovaries are responsible for ovulation and hormone production

The nurse is teaching a class to adolescent girls about puberty. Which health information is accurate for inclusion in the class? Select all that apply.

Ovaries produce hormones that cause growth of reproductive organs, estrogen stimulates bone growth and closure of growth plates, and ovulation usually occurs in the middle of the monthly cycle

The nurse on the urology unit teaches the nursing student that which test assists in detecting a recurrence of prostate cancer after prostatectomy?

PSA Level

The nurse recognizes that parathyroid hormone (PTH) has what relationship to bone formation?

PTH is a regulator of calcium and phosphate

A 42-year-old client is admitted to the hospital with severe back pain, intermittent tinnitus, constant headache, and vertigo. He states that the back pain has been a problem for a number of years, but the other symptoms are quite new. Upon further examination, it is noted that he has unexplained hearing loss, and his femur and tibia have begun to bow. What condition does this client most likely have?

Paget Disease

A client sustains a musculoskeletal injury of the wrist. Which manifestation would the nurse expect to accompany the strain?

Pain and stiffness

A child with Osgood-Schlatter disease most often presents with which assessment finding?

Pain in front of the knee

Which assessment findings assist in diagnosing Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease? Select all that apply.

Pain in the thigh, pain in the knee, difficulty walking, limpness

A client has been diagnosed with a Bartholin gland cyst. The nurse expects the client may experience which symptoms if this becomes infected?

Pain, tenderness, and dyspareunia

A client is concerned about having mumps orchitis and asks the nurse about the symptoms. What is the nurse's best response?

Painful enlargement of the testes with fever 3 days after infection

A client is being seen in the dermatology clinic for a follow-up appointment for a second-degree full-thickness burn. What are characteristics of second-degree burns? Select all that apply.

Painful, blistered, mottled/pink red

A 30-year-old male has contracted an STI caused by Treponema pallidum. Which symptom did he most likely notice first?

Painless chancres on the man's scrotum

The nurse should rely on verbal history when assessing for which condition in clients with dark skin color? Select all that apply.

Pallor, cyanosis, erythema

Which hormones or ion concentrations influence the regulation of vitamin D activity? Select all that apply.

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), Prolactin, Potassium

The student is comparing the actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin. Which statement is most correct?

Parathyroid hormone produces a prompt increase in serum calcium levels

The nurse is caring for a client who had a recent miscarriage. Which past history could be the cause of this recent failed pregnancy?

Past infection with chlamydia

Endometriosis is characterized by painful hemorrhagic lesions in the pelvis, which may develop into which potential complication?

Pelvic adhesions

A client with a closed reduction of a wrist fracture has a plaster cast applied. Which nursing intervention is the highest priority immediately after the procedure?

Performing a peripheral circulation assessment

A client with herpes simplex virus (HSV) states, "I can stop taking my drugs because I'm cured. My lesions are gone." Knowing the pathophysiology behind the disappearance of HSV symptoms, the health care provider suspects the client is experiencing which phase of infection?

Periods of latency in the nervous system

Bones are covered, except at their articular ends, by what membrane?

Periosteum

Which of the following covers bones and has an inner layer that contains osteoprogenitor cells?

Periosteum

The nurse is teaching clients with diabetes about the increased risk for erectile dysfunction (ED). What factors related to diabetes does the nurse link to increased risk for ED? Select all that apply.

Peripheral artery disease and Peripheral neuropathy

A 12-year-old boy with pain in the tip of his penis and a red, swollen, tender foreskin is uncircumcised because of religious reasons. Which medical diagnosis is likely responsible for this child's manifestations?

Phimosis

The health care provider has determined that the client diagnosed with psoriasis now requires systemic treatments. The nurse should anticipate the provider will prescribe which treatment? Select all that apply.

Phototherapy, methotrexate, corticosteroids, cyclosporine

The client with a suspected diagnosis of osteoarthritis asks the health care provider, "How will this diagnosis be confirmed?" Which response is most appropriate?

Physical examination and x-ray studies

After a week in which a client worked four 12-hour shifts and went home to two children with the flu, the client is feeling fatigued. How should this client's fatigue be categorized?

Physiologic

Magnetic resonance imaging of a client's knee has revealed the presence of bursitis. The nurse should anticipate performing which intervention for bursitis?

Placing an ice pack on the knee to decrease swelling

A client is being seen in the dermatologist clinic for psoriasis. What term should the nurse select in the electronic health record (EHR) to describe the client's lesions associated with psoriasis?

Plaques

A nurse is teaching a client about psoriasis. The nurse knows that teaching is effective when the client correctly identifies which lesions as being associated with psoriasis? Select all that apply.

Plaques, scales

Which type of joint manifestations would the nurse anticipate finding in a client with rheumatoid arthritis?

Polyarticular

Which disorder of the female genitourinary system is most likely to result from a disruption in normal endocrine function?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

An older adult reports waking up in the morning with pain/stiffness in the neck/shoulders. Laboratory work reveals an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Following a short trial of prednisone with significant improvement, the health care provider likely will diagnose which disorder?

Polymyalgia rheumatica

Giant cell arteritis is a comorbid condition of:

Polymyalgia rheumatica

Each joint capsule has tendons and ligaments. What are the tendons and ligaments of the joint capsule sensitive to?

Position and movement

A client diagnosed with arthritis had a recent infection. Which intervention is necessary to determine if the client has bacterial arthritis?

Positive culture of synovial fluid

The nurse is teaching a high school student about male sexual function. Which organ contains the muscle that promotes semen expulsion during ejaculation?

Prostate Gland

Our bodies have, as endemic organisms, both yeast (Candida albicans) and molds. When a fungus invades the skin of our body, what is used as a confirmatory diagnostic tool?

Potassium hydroxide preparations

The nursing instructor is teaching about osteoporosis and informs the class that certain groups of children are also at a higher risk for decreased bone mass. Which group of children are at risk for developing osteoporosis? Check all that apply.

Premature infants, children on corticosteroids, infants with a low birth weight, children with cystic fibrosis

Which groups are at increased risk for decreased bone mass? Select all that apply.

Premature infants, low-birth-weigh infants, children with cystic fibrosis

A boy has arrived home after experiencing his first outdoor camping trip with his Boy Scout troop. Upon arrival at home, he is very uncomfortable and scratches a rash. It appears that he has poison ivy and that it has spread to many areas on his body. The nurse in the clinic will likely prescribe which treatment for this child? Select all that apply.

Prescription for corticosteroids - Cool showers, especially right before bedtime - Over-the-counter antihistamines

A client is being evaluated for malignant melanoma. What is a risk factor associated with the development of malignant melanoma?

Presence of actinic keratoses

The provider is assessing a client with a history of erectile dysfunction (ED) who is requesting a prescription for treatment. When assessing for additional information related to causes of ED, which information should the provider solicit from the client?

Presence of arterial occlusive disease

A client has a stage III pressure ulcer in the sacral area. What factors can contribute to the development of pressure ulcers? Select all that apply.

Pressure, shearing force, friction

Metastatic bone tumors occur at a time when primary tumors in the lungs, breasts, and prostate seed themselves (metastasize) to the musculoskeletal system. What are the primary goals of treatment for metastatic bone disease? Select all that apply.

Prevent pathological fractures - Promote survival with maximum functioning - Maintain mobility and pain control

The nurse is caring for a client who has a history of dermatomyositis. Which objective is a priority for this client?

Preventing long-term muscle, joint, and organ damage

A client with a diagnosis of small cell lung carcinoma has developed bone metastases, a finding that has prompted a series of new interventions. What are the primary goals of the treatment regimen for this client's bone cancer?

Prevention of pathologic fractures and survival with maximum functioning

Select the correct statements that describe the function of PTH (parathyroid hormone). Select all that apply.

Prevents serum calcium from decreasing and phosphate from increasing above normal, maintained by serum levels of ionized calcium, maintains serum calcium by bone resorption

What is the most common cause of osteonecrosis other than fracture?

Prior steroid therapy

The nurse is caring for a pregnant client who is experiencing morning sickness. The nurse understands that which of the following is responsible for many of the common discomforts of pregnancy?

Progesterone

Which hormone is responsible for breast development and the increase in body temperature that occurs with ovulation?

Progesterone

The nurse assessing a 12-year-old boy documented to have Osgood-Schlatter disease anticipates which assessment finding?

Prominence of the tibial tubercle

The nurse in the urology unit is teaching about medication to treat erectile dysfunction. The mechanism of action of most of these medications is that the medication:

Promotes increase in blood flow to the corpora cavernosa

Which physiologic process is caused by estrogens?

Promotion of ovarian follicle growth

Which benefits are found from the secretions of the columnar epithelium of the endocervix? Select all that apply.

Protect the uterus from infection, alter receptivity to sperm, form a mucous plug during pregnancy

A nurse who works on a urology-gynecology ward of a hospital is coming on shift and will be caring for a 34-year-old woman who has been admitted overnight for the treatment of endometriosis. Which interventions should the nurse most realistically anticipate providing over the course of the shift and the next several days?

Providing pain control; preparing the client for a laparoscopic procedure or hysterectomy

What disease has primary lesions that have a silvery scale over thick red plaques?

Psoriasis vulgaris

Which action could result in pressure ulcer formation?

Pulling a stroke client up in bed

Which statement most accurately describes cartilage?

Pure cartilage is pearly white

A nurse is assessing a male who is reporting nonspecific symptoms of prostate and periurethral gland pain. Which characteristic discharge makes the nurse suspect gonorrhea?

Purulent exudates

The nurse assessing a client with scleroderma with CREST variant would include an assessment for:

Raynaud's phenomenon

A client reports increasing pain at the back of the ankle over the past 2 weeks. The client states being generally healthy, despite having just completed a course of antibiotics for an infection 6 weeks prior for Chlamydia trachomatis. This client is likely experiencing which type of reaction?

Reactive arthritis

A nurse is performing a genital examination on a male client who develops an erection. Which action is the nurse's most appropriate intervention?

Reassure the client that this is a normal response and continue with the examination

A male client presents to the clinic with profuse, purulent urethral discharge with painful urination. Which information will be most important for the nurse to obtain?

Recent sexual contacts

A client is admitted to the hospital with first- and second-degree burns. Which assessment findings are associated with first-degree burns? Select all that apply.

Red or pink, painful

Following assessment of a client with papulosquamous dermatoses manifesting as psoriasis, the nurse will most likely document which finding?

Red, thickened plaques with overlying silvery-white scale

A client with a compound fracture of the femur is in balanced skeletal traction. Which assessment data must be reported immediately?

Redness and heat at fracture site

The nurse is caring for a client with acute superficial balanoposthitis. The nurse assesses for which of these signs or symptoms consistent with the diagnosis?

Redness of the glans penis and malodorous discharge

The skin is richly supplied with arteriovenous anastomoses in which blood flows directly between an artery and a vein, bypassing the capillary circulation. This particular vascular structure allows a client to:

Regulate body temperature

A client presents with gonorrhea. Which of the following is a primary nursing action?

Reporting the case to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

A young adult client who is a competitive skier complains of knee pain when climbing stairs or sitting with the knees bent. What will the nurse teach the client about the diagnosis of chondromalacia?

Rest and isometric exercises followed by ice are effective treatment measures

Which cells are characterized by a complex meshwork of dense collagen bundles interconnected with large elastic fibers and a viscid gel that is rich in mucopolysaccharides?

Reticular cells

The nurse is providing teaching for parents of a 2-week-old infant just diagnosed with clubfoot. The nurse includes that the first treatment option is:

Serial manipulation and casting

An infant is born with a clubfoot. The nurse should anticipate which treatment measures will be instituted?

Serial manipulations and casting

To maintain adequate serum calcium levels, what does parathyroid hormone reduce?

Serum phosphate levels

A female client experiencing hot flashes during perimenopause asks the nurse about hormone therapy (HT). What is the appropriate response by the nurse?

Short term HT can be used to reduce symptoms

In contrast to synarthrosis joints, which synovial joints allow for movement in all directions?

Shoulder joints

Select the statement that best describes skin disorders.

Skin color may influence the appearance of the skin disorder

A client has sustained an injury to a solid, synarthrosis joint. Where is a possible site of the client's injury?

Skull

The nurse is assessing a client's skin and notices a few papules. What is the best description to include in the assessment about papules?

Small, raised superficial lesions

Which assessment finding helps the nurse confirm that the client has genital warts?

Soft, raised lesion on external genitalia

Pruritis, or the itch sensation, is a by-product of almost all skin disorders. However, we can itch without having a skin disorder. Itch then can be local or central in our bodies. Where is it postulated that a central "itch center" exists?

Somatosensory cortex

The health care provider is assessing a client with a history of ankylosing spondylitis to note progression of the disease. On which area of the body will the provider focus the assessment?

Spine

Tuberculosis can spread from the lungs into the musculoskeletal system. What is the most common site in the skeletal system for tuberculosis to be found?

Spine

The nurse is assessing a client's pressure ulcers. The client has a shallow crater in the sacral area. The nurse will document this in the electronic medical record as which stage?

Stage II

A nurse is giving report to a student nurse. One of the assigned clients requires debridement of necrotic tissue. Which stage pressure ulcer requires the nurse to perform debridement? Select all the apply.

Stage III, Stage IV

Which microorganism is responsible for the development of bullous impetigo?

Staphylococcus aureus

For a woman, what is the most serious long-term outcome of an infection resulting from exposure to the N. gonorrhoeae bacteria?

Sterility

A nurse educator is teaching students about the layers of the skin. Which layer is commonly referred to as prickle cells?

Stratum spinosum

Fall prevention in older adults should focus on which types of exercise?

Strength building and balance

If a child with genu valgum does not self-correct after he or she begins weight-bearing, what condition could result?

Subluxation

Which characteristics of a cherry angioma should be considered suspicious?

Sudden collection of several papules

A 50-year-old male has been diagnosed with contiguous spread osteomyelitis of the right hip acetabulum. What would be an expected treatment for this condition?

Surgical arthroplasty and parenteral antimicrobial agents

An 80-year-old client is admitted to the hospital with a displaced intracapsular hip fracture. The physician explains to the client's family that this type of fracture is best treated by:

Surgical hip replacement and early mobilization

Which treatment intervention is recommended for infants who have a severe case of hypospadias?

Surgical repair

What are typical assessment findings the nurse expects to observe in a client with a simple fracture of the leg? Select all that apply.

Swelling, loss of function, and pain

Most of the skin's blood vessels are innervated by which component of the nervous system?

Sympathetic nervous system

A physiology instructor asks the class, "What role do osteoblasts play in the physiology of bone tissue?" Which student gives the best answer?

Synthesis and secretion of the bone matrix

Which are considered functions of the skin? Select all that apply.

Synthesis of Vitamin D - Protection from an invasion of microbes - Protection against physical injury

A client presents with a rash on the palms of his hands, mucous membranes, and stomach. He is reporting a sore throat and nausea. Which conditions is the nurse concerned about?

Syphilis

A female client presents to the clinic with a rash on the palms of her hands, symptoms of hair loss, and the development of elevated, red-brown lesions that have begun to ulcerate and produce a foul discharge. Based on these symptoms, the nurse plans to test the client for which sexually transmitted infection?

Syphilis

A nurse is caring for a client admitted with a malar rash on the nose and cheeks. The nurse recognizes that this rash is characteristic of which disease process?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

What is the most important discharge instruction for a female client with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Take all of the antibiotic

A young adult is going on vacation to a sunny climate and plans on using a tanning booth to build up a protective tan. Which instructions should the nurse provide to the young adult?

Tanning booths should be avoided under all circumstances

What intervention will the nurse perform first for the client who has a new fracture of the leg?

Teach the client about X-ray examination

A female client reports to the health care provider that she has noticed a release of urine when she laughs or sneezes. Which interventions should the provider implement first?

Teach the client to do pelvic floor exercises

A client presents to the emergency department after suffering an injury while playing sports. The client is diagnosed with a sprain. Select the best explanation of the injury.

Tear of a ligamentous structure

Which type of vascular lesion appears on areas exposed to sun or harsh weather, such as the cheeks and nose?

Telangiectasis

A biology class is discussing blood flow directions and the role of arteries and veins. The professor says, "The skin is the only place where there is a direct anastomosis between an artery and a vein." What is the purpose for this type of blood flow in the skin?

Temperature regulation

A client has experienced trauma of the musculoskeletal structure that connects muscle to bone. The nurse would document this as which type of injury?

Tendon

A nurse is caring for a client who injured her knee while playing basketball. Tests reveal a torn connective tissue that connects muscles to bones. Based on this finding, the nurse prepares to teach the client about which anatomical structure that is injured?

Tendons

Cancellous bone is relatively light. What does its latticelike structure give it?

Tensile Strength

Intercellular collagen fibers provide which function for tendons and ligaments?

Tensile Strength

A child born premature does not have descended testes. The pediatrician has made a note to watch in the coming visits for testicular descension. Which consequence is the most significant concern if the testes do not descend?

Testicular torsion

A 14-year-old client presents to the dermatologist clinic with a severe case of acne vulgaris. Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate when describing this to the adolescent?

The acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit

Fingernails and toenails, unlike hair, grow continuously. The nail plate itself is nearly transparent and acts as a window for viewing:

The amount of oxygen in the blood

Which clients are at highest risk for osteomalacia? Select all that apply.

The client from northern China and the client over 70 years old

The nurse is assessing the genitalia of a 42-year-old female client diagnosed with a genitourinary disorder. The nurse recognizes that which finding does not describe the normal anatomy of the female genitalia.

The clitoris is located posterior to the urethra

Leiomyomas are smooth-muscle fibroid tumors that usually develop in which part of the reproductive system?

The corpus of the uterus

A nurse educator is preparing an education module on the dermis layer of the skin for the nursing staff. Which statements should be included in the module? Select all that apply.

The dermis is the connective tissue layer - The pink color of light skin results primarily from blood in the vessels of the dermis - The glandular structures are embedded in this layer

The nurse is providing client education related to intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Which instruction should the nurse include?

The injections will be given only 3 to 4 times per year because they can increase joint destruction

A 76-year-old male has been diagnosed with osteoarthritis. The nurse providing care for this client inquired as to whether the arthritis affects only diarthrodial joints. Which best exemplifies a diarthrodial joint?

The interphalangeal joint between the proximal and middle phalanges of the fingers

Fibrocystic changes in the breast are not uncommon. How is the diagnosis of fibrocystic changes made?

The mass is round, the mass is freely movable, the mass changes in size with menses

An adult client has a large number of nevi on her neck and back. How should the nurse best interpret this assessment finding?

The nevi are likely benign, unless they are undergoing changes

The nurse is caring for a client with significant benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hydronephrosis who is fearful of having corrective surgery. Which information is important for the nurse to convey?

The obstruction is causing urine to flow backward and cause kidney dysfunction.

A postmenopausal client questions the nurse about the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Which statement describes the pathology of osteoporosis?

The process of bone renewal after menopause is slowed in relation to the occurrence of bone breakdown

A client reporting bone pain has sought care. Diagnostic testing reveals that the client has developed osteonecrosis. When addressing the most likely cause of this complication, the nurse should focus on

The quality and quantity of blood flow to the site

An obstetric nurse is describing the process of follicle development to a recent nurse graduate. Which phenomenon should the nurse describe?

The ripening follicle is accompanied by an increase in estrogen levels

The nurse is discussing ovulation with a female client and notes an indication of ovulation is spinnbarkeit. What is an accurate description of spinnbarkeit?

The stretchy consistency of cervical mucus during ovulation

A woman has gone to her gynecologist complaining of pain during intercourse. The physician orders a maturation index on her vaginal scrapings. The results return an index of 75-25-0. The nurse can interpret this to mean:

The woman is experiencing postmenopausal vaginal dryness

The client has an extra-articular condition. How does the nurse explain this diagnosis?

There is a problem outside of a joint

Which statement about nevi (common moles) is true?

They are an elevated, palpable, solid mass with a circumscribed border

The nurse is teaching the client about pharmacologic treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which explanation of the action of these alpha-adrenergic blocking medications is best?

They relax the smooth muscle to relieve prostatic obstruction

A client has been diagnosed with candidiasis. Which symptom was present to diagnose this condition?

Thick, white secretions

A client has sustained serious first degree, second degree, and third degree burns in a fire. Which best describes this full-thickness burn and the burned area that involves subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone?

Third-degree burn

The client with osteoporosis asks the nurse to explain what a bisphosphonate medication does. The nurse will respond:

This medication helps prevent bone resorption, which in turn will help prevent fractures

The pars reticularis is characterized by what?

Three-dimensional collagen bundles

Why do sebaceous glands secrete sebum?

To lubricate skin and hair

A 4-year-old male child has several small pustules with honey-colored crusted drainage on his face but in no other location. The child is diagnosed with impetigo. The most appropriate treatment would be:

Topical mupirocin and limiting exposure, as it is transmitted easily

Which events in a client's history increase risk of developing osteoarthritis? Select all that apply.

Torn meniscus in left knee at age 19 - Sport-related injury while in college (age 20) - Hip dislocation at age 35

Which statement is true about treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Treatment needs to be individualized

A client presents to the GYN clinic complaining of large amounts of frothy yellow-green discharge that smells very foul. Immediately, the health care provider is thinking this client most likely has:

Trichomoniasis

A nurse is interviewing a client about issues with infertility. Which condition contributes to the risk of infertility in both men and women?

Trichomoniasis

Select the condition that contributes to the risk of infertility in males.

Trichomoniasis

A client has an appointment concerning the possible diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Which statement is correct concerning malignant melanoma?

Tumor thickness is a very important factor

A client reports heaviness in the scrotum and pain in the lower back. The client is diagnosed with a hydrocele. In which anatomical structure does the excess fluid collect?

Tunica vaginalis

A client with pale skin, white hair, and pink eyes comes to the clinic for a routine physical exam. Based on the client's appearance, the nurse knows this client has a genetic lack of which enzyme?

Tyrosinase

When explaining why some children have albinism, the science teacher explains that which enzyme is needed for synthesis of melanin?

Tyrosinase

A nurse is caring for a client who has developed vasculitis as a result of a rheumatology disorder. Which factor does the nurse expect to uncover in assessing this client?

Ulcers of the lower extremities

Which factor places a male client at risk for balanitis?

Uncircumcised penis

The nurse working on an inpatient adolescent pediatric unit must prioritize which parents to teach first. Which diagnosis directs the nurse to provide teaching for the parents first due to the need for prompt treatment to prevent long-term complications?

Undescended testis

Which description best summarizes the etiology of pressure injuries?

Unrelieved pressure on the skin causes decreased blood and lymph flow that leads to pressure injury development

A client asks, "What caused my acute prostatitis?" Which response by the nurse explains the most common cause of acute prostatitis?

Urethral infection with Escherichia coli

Which symptoms would a nurse assess in a male client with gonorrhea? Select all that apply.

Urethral pain, creamy yellow discharge, bloody discharge

When a nurse is caring for a client with gout, which diagnostic study supporting the presence of the disease does the nurse monitor?

Uric acid levels

The nurse is assessing a client in the urology clinic with suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which client symptoms are consistent with BPH?

Urinary frequency, Dribbling after urination, Awakening at night to void

Which complication is associated with prostatic hyperplasia?

Urine Retention

A 20-year-old female tells the nurse she is concerned about getting a good suntan before going on a vacation. The best response by the nurse would be:

Use a self-tanning product that produces the appearance of a tan without sun exposure

The nurse is reviewing the history of an older adult female client who was recently diagnosed with coronary heart disease. What factors are known to contribute to this condition? Select all that apply.

Used hormone therapy for 5 years, Smoke 1 pack/day for 20 years, Has hypertension for 15 years

The connecting tube between the cervix and the vestibule is referred to as:

Vagina

The nurse is caring for a 54-year-old female client who reports vaginal dryness and painful intercourse. The nurse expects which prescription will be ordered for this client?

Vaginal estrogen preparation

A young child has recently developed macules on the trunk, extremities, and mucous membranes. The child is mildly febrile, but the primary symptom is extreme pruritus. What disorder of the skin most likely is the cause of this child's condition?

Varicella

The nurse is teaching a client with rheumatoid arthritis about pannus, which develops in the affected joint area. What does the nurse include to describe pannus?

Vascular granulation tissue that destroys cartilage and bone

A newly admitted client's health record states that the client's health history includes tubercular osteomyelitis. Where is the most likely anatomical site of this infection?

Vertebrae

A nurse is preparing for a certification course in wound care and needs to be able to identify various lesions that may be identified when assessing the skin. Which definitions are correctly identified with their skin lesion? Select all that apply.

Vesicle: A circumscribed, elevated palpable mass containing serous fluid, <0/5ml - Nodule: Solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 0.5cm circumscribed

A 22-year-old male college student goes to clinic distraught at the emergence of numerous small blisters on the shaft of his penis. On examination, the provider notes the lesions are between 2 and 4 mm in diameter and filled with serous fluid. Which term will the clinician document in the record?

Vesicles

A client is being seen in the dermatology clinic for an infectious skin disorder. What does the nurse know are causes of infectious skin disorders? Select all that apply.

Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi

Which intervention should the nurse recommend to best minimize the risk of nutritional rickets in an infant whose culture supports long-term breast-feeding without the introduction of foods? Select all that apply.

Vitamin D exposure, Regular exposure to sunlight

Which skin disorder is likely to result from the localized lack of melanin production by melanocytes?

Vitiligo

Which term is used to denote the pigmentation disorder in which the skin suddenly develops white patches on the face and arms?

Vitiligo

Which clinical manifestation is most likely to accompany a diagnosis of vulvodynia?

Vulvar Pain

For which cancers is a client infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) at increased risk? Select all that apply.

Vulvar, Cervical, Vaginal

An older adult client has recently been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should focus assessment on which aspects?

Weight and nutritional status

A 2-year-old has bowing of the legs (genu varum). When should the health care professional should be concerned?

When there is a large separation between the knees greater than 15 degrees

A client asks "How could I have chlamydia? I feel fine!" What is the nurse's best response?

Women with this condition are often asymptomatic

A client returns to the doctor's office for evaluation 6 weeks after a tibial fracture. Which assessment indicates the potential for nonunion?

X-ray shows minimal calcification at the fracture

When describing the covering on bones to the students, the instructor asks, "Why is periosteum an important part of the bone covering?" The student responses should mention which of the following? It:

contains blood vessels that assist with providing nutrition to bone tissue

The nurse is checking the pH of a client's vaginal tissue and finds the pH to be 4.3. The nurse interprets this finding as:

normal