Patho Quiz 8 - Chs. 39, 40, &41:

A female client asks her health care provider about guidelines for clinical breast examination (CBE). The most appropriate response would be: a) "between the ages of 20 and 39 years, average-risk women should undergo CBE every 3 years" b) "they are not necessary unless you have been pregnant" c) "after the age of 40, they are not necessary" d) "every woman should have one yearly at age 25"

a) "between the ages of 20 and 39 years, average-risk women should undergo CBE every 3 years"

Select the correct statement regarding Herpes simplex virus a) the virus will not reactivate b) herpes simplex virus cannot be transmitted if lesions are not present c) the virus is not contagious d) only two strains of the virus are considered sexually transmittable

d) only two strains of the virus are considered sexually transmittable

A client asks the nurse there is anything that would greatly increase her risk of acquiring human papilloma virus (HPV). The best response by the nurse would be: a) cigarette smoking b) first intercourse after age 30 c) age greater than 35 years d) oral-genital sex

d) oral-genital sex

Endometriosis is the condition in which endometrial tissue is found growing outside the uterus in the pelvic cavity. What are risk factors for endometriosis? a) late menarche and regular periods with longer cycles than 27 days b) early menarche and lighter flow c) increased menstrual pain and periods of shorter duration than 7 days d) periods longer than 7 days and increased menstrual pain

d) periods longer than 7 days and increased menstrual pain

The assessment data of a client include verbalizations of painful erections and bent erections, in addition to the presence of a hard mass at the sire of fibrosis. The health care provider would interpret this as: a) prostrate disease b) priapism c) paraphimosis d) peyronie disease

d) peyronie disease

A 23-year-old diagnosed with syphilis presents with palmar rsh, sore throat, fever, and a red-brown lesion on the genital area. The symptoms have been present for 3 weeks. Select the stage of syphilis this client is currently in a) tertiary b) primary c) latent d) secondary

d) secondary

Select the most reliable test to diagnose syphilis a) urine culture b) oral swab c) chest x-ray d) serology

d) serology

The nurse has just completed the admission assessment of a client diagnosed with invasive penile cancer. The most likely plan of treatment will be: a) radiation treatment to the affected area b) application of fluorouracil cream c) laser treatment to the affected areas d) surgical removal of the affected areas

d) surgical removal of the affected areas

A client who has been utilizing pharmacologic management for BPH is now experiencing severe signs of obstruction. The client would most likely require: a) insertion of a urinary catheter b) radiation treatment of the prostate c) injecting the prostate with a chemotherapy drug d) transurethral prostatectomy

d) transurethral prostatectomy

Select the condition that contributes to the risk of infertility in males a) genital warts b) herpes simplex c) chancroid d) trichomoniasis

d) trichomoniasis

Fibrocystic changes in the breast are not uncommon. How is the diagnosis of fibrocystic changes made? a) physical examination and client history b) galactography and biopsy c) mammography and galactography d) ultrasonography and mammography

d) ultrasonography and mammography

Select the structure primarily responsible for the secretions of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin a) anterior pituitary gland b) hypothalamus c) endometrium d) ovaries

a) anterior pituitary gland

The endocervix is covered with large-branched mucus-secreting glands. During the menstrual cycle, they undergo functional changes, and the amount and properties of the mucus that they secret vary as to the stage of the cycle. When one of these glands is blocked, what kind of cyst forms within the cervix? a) bartholin cysts b) bulbourethral cysts c) nabothian cysts d) metaplastic cysts

c) nabothian cysts

Polycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder and a common cause of chronic an ovulation. In addition to the clinical manifestations of PCOS, long-term health problems, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, have been linked to PCOS. What drug has emerged as an important part of PCOS treatment? a) DHEAS b) methotrexate c) mineralocorticoids d) metformin

d) metformin

After inoculation with HPV, genital warts may begin to grow. They usually manifest as soft, raised fleshy lesions on the external genitalia of either male or female. What is the incubation period for HPV-induced genital warts? a) 6 weeks to 8 months b) 6 weeks to 8 weeks c) 6 months to 8 months d) 6 days to 8 days

a) 6 weeks to 8 months

Uterine prolapse is a disorder of pelvic support and uterine position. It can range in severity from a slight descent of the uterus into the vagina, all the way to the entire uterus protruding through the vaginal opening. In women who want to have children or in older women who are at significant risk if surgery is performed, what device is inserted to hold the uterus in place? a) a pessary b) a Colpexin sphere c) a vesicourethral suspender d) a retroversion inducer

a) a pessary

An adolescent male comes to the urgent care clinic. Upon assessment, the following is noted: history of circumcision, erythema of the glans, and prepuce with a malodorous discharge. Based on symptoms, the probable diagnosis would be: a) acute superficial balanoposthitis b) balanitis xerotica obliterans c) penal carcinoma d) acute phimosis

a) acute superficial balanoposthitis

A 52-year-old male diagnosed with erectile dysfunction (ED) asks the nurse what will be implemented as a first option for treatment. The best response would be: a) psychosexual counseling and PDE-5 inhibitor medications b) intravenous administration of a PDE-5 inhibitor c) surgical placements of a penile prosthesis d) catheterization and increased fluids to increase vascular flow

a) psychosexual counseling and PDE-5 inhibitor medications

Select the structure responsible for secreting fructose that will provide energy for spermatic motility a) seminal vesicles b) bulbourethral gland c) prostate gland d) hypothalamus

a) seminal vesicles

Candidiasis is a leading cause of vaginal infections. Which anti fungal agent is not available without prescription to treat candidiasis? a) terconazole b) clotrimazole c) miconazole d) butaconazole

a) terconazole

In the neonatal and pediatric population, there can be many physiologic problems with the male genitourinary system. What is the most common acute scrotal disorder in the pediatric population? a) testicular torsion b) hypospadias c) balanitis d) paraphimosis

a) testicular torsion

A malignant lesion extending into the endocervical canal was found on the yearly gynecological exam of a 20-year-old female. Select the most appropriate treatment a) therapeutic conization b) repeat pap in 3 months c) surgical removal of the uterus d) radiation therapy

a) therapeutic conization

Laboratory analysis of vaginal discharge identifies hyphae on microscopic exam and pH of 4.2. The client most likely has: a) T. vaginalis b) C. albicans c) C. trachomatis d) N. gonorrhea

b) C. albicans

Trichomoniasis is an STI that can occur in either sex. Men carry the protozoan in the urethra and prostate and remain asymptomatic. Then anaerobic protozoan can cause a number of complications. What is it a risk factor for in both men and women? a) atypical pelvic inflammatory disease b) HIV transmission c) blockage of tubes and ducts d) ovarian and testicular cysts

b) HIV transmission

The cause of infertility can be in either the male or the female. Male tests for infertility require a specimen of ejaculate that is collected when? a) any time b) after 3 days of abstinence c) after 3 consecutive days of intercourse d) after 3 weeks of abstinence

b) after 3 days of abstinence

A female client with anorexia nervosa tells the nurse that she has been experiencing amenorrhea. The nurse is aware that this is a result of: a) a secondary decrease in sexual activity b) alteration of critical body fat-to- muscle ration needed for menses to occur c) increased estrogen production that occurs in the body d) increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) production

b) alteration of critical body fat-to- muscle ration needed for menses to occur

A female client's assessment identifies symptoms of dyspareunia and burning. The nurse is aware that the client may have developed: a) adenomyosis b) atrophic vaginitis c) endometrial cancer d) cystocele

b) atrophic vaginitis

A client asks the gynecologist what gland is responsible for urethral lubrication during male sexual stimulation. The best response would be: a) pituitary gland b) bulbourethral glands c) thyroid gland d) adrenal gland

b) bulbourethral glands

Epididymitis can be sexually transmitted, or it can be caused by a variety of other reasons, including abnormalities in the genitourinary tract. What are the most common causes of epididymitis in young men without underlying genitourinary disease? a) chlamydia trachomatis and Candida albicans b) chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae c) Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhoeae d) Candida albicans and escherichia coli

b) chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

There is no known cure for genital herpes, and methods of treatment are often symptomatic. Pharmacological management of genital herpes includes which drug? a) AZT b) famciclovir c) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs d) topical corticosteroid compounds

b) famciclovir

A 22-year-old female client states she has vaginal itching with pain and small vesicles that appear on her vagina when she is stressed. The client is most likely experiencing: a) molluschi contagiosum infection b) genital herpes c) genital warts d) chlamydia trachoma's infection

b) genital herpes

Select the factor that would increase a male's risk for the development of testicular cancer a) occupational exposure to soot b) history of cryptorchidism c) exposure to ultraviolet A radiation d) improper hygiene practices

b) history of cryptorchidism

There are two types of vulvar cancer. One type is found in older women, and one type is found in younger women, generally less than 40 years of age. What is the type found in younger women thought to be caused by? a) multiple sexual partners b) human papillomavirus c) nonsquamous cell lesions d) lichen sclerotic lesions

b) human papillomavirus

In primary dysmenorrhea, when contraception is not desired, what is the treatment of choice? a) aspirin b) ibuprofen c) acetaminophen d) metformin acid

b) ibuprofen

Priapism (a prolonged painful erection not associated with sexual excitement) can occur at any age. In boys, ages 5 to 10, what are the most common causes of priapism? a) neoplasms of hemophilia b) sickle cell disease or neoplasms c) hemophilia or sickle cell disease d) hypospadias or neoplasms

b) sickle cell disease or neoplasms

A 70-year-old male tells the health care provider he is now in a relationship with a younger woman who is capable of reproduction. the client asks if he may still be fertile. The best response would be: a) "why do you want children at your age?" b) "have you ever fathered a child before?" c) "yes; some 80- and 90- year-old men have been known to father children" d) "no, fertility ends at 50 years of age"

c) "yes; some 80- and 90- year-old men have been known to father children"

Couples who are being treated for infertility often choose to try in vitro fertilization. When using this technique, the female's eggs are inseminated with the male's sperm in a culture dish. After a period of time, the ova are evaluated for signs of fertilization. If signs of fertilization are present, when are the fertilized eggs placed in the woman's uterus? a) 12 to 24 hours after egg retrieval b) 36 to 48 hours after egg retrieval c) 48 to 72 hours after egg retrieval d) 24 to 36 hours after egg retrieval

c) 48 to 72 hours after egg retrieval

The nurse is assessing a client who has a history of untreated chlamydial infection. the nurse is aware that the client is at risk for: a) early-onset dementia b) cervical cancer c) Reiter syndrome d) HIV encephalopathy

c) Reiter syndrome

Bacterial vaginosis is the most common vaginal infection seen by health care providers. What is the predominant symptom of bacterial vaginosis? a) thick, cottage cheese-like discharge with a fishy odor b) painless chancres c) grayish white discharge with a fishy odor d) small, painless papules

c) grayish white discharge with a fishy odor

A client is experiencing oligomenorrhea. the nurse interprets this as: a) bleeding that occurs between menstrual cycles b) frequent menstruation with period less than 21 days apart c) infrequent menstruation with periods more than 35 days apart d) heavy bleeding between and during menstruation cycles

c) infrequent menstruation with periods more than 35 days apart

Select the most common symptom a female diagnosed with chlamydial infection will develop a) dysuria b) urinary frequency c) mucopurulent cervical discharge d) vaginal discharge

c) mucopurulent cervical discharge

The nurse determines that teaching was effective when a client who has been treated for Chlamydia states the importance of: a) repealing a Pap smear b) retesting in 3 to 4 months c) no follow up is needed d) repeating antibiotics for 1 week

c) no follow up is needed

A client is concerned that he may have mumps orchitis and asks the nurse practitioner what the symptoms would be. The best response would be: a) abnormal increase in sexual drive b) painful urination with the presence of urethral discharge c) painful enlargement of the testes with fever 3 days after parotitis d) purplish or red-colored scrotum after an abdominal procedure

c) painful enlargement of the testes with fever 3 days after parotitis

The parents of a baby born with hypospadias ask the nurse if the baby can be circumcised. The best response would be: a) "the condition can be treated with topical medication; circumcision is not needed" b) "the circumcision can be performed now" c) "the circumcision will be done when the child reaches puberty" d) "the circumcision will not be done now; the foreskin is needed for surgical repair"

d) "the circumcision will not be done now; the foreskin is needed for surgical repair"

While the cause of BPH is unknown, we do know that the incidence of BPH increases with age. What ethnic group is BPH highest in? a) japanese b) white c) Native American d) African American

d) African American

A client has been diagnosed with a chlamydial infection. Select the pharmacological treatment of choice a) bactrim b) ceclor c) acyclovir d) azithromycin

d) azithromycin

A client has been diagnosed with condylomata acuminata. the nurse recognizes that the most likely treatment will be: a) antibiotics b) antifungal cream c) radiation therapy d) cryotherapy

d) cryotherapy

A 45-year-old client reports "needing to bear down with urination," frequency, and occasional loss of urine when coughing. Based on symptoms, which diagnosis is most appropriate for this client? a) rectocele b) spermatocele c) enterocele d) cystocele

d) cystocele

A parent brings her 8-year-old boy to the emergency department. The child has been complaining of radiating pain in the inguinal area and is experiencing nausea. Upon visual inspection, the left testicle is high in the scrotum and enlarged. Select the most appropriate treatment for a child to receive. a) a surgical detorsion procedure to be performed immediately b) an orchiectomy must be performed as soon as possible c) manual manipulation of the testicle to encourage descent d) administration of pain medications along with ice application

a) a surgical detorsion procedure to be performed immediately

Leiomyomas, or intrauterine fibroids, are the most common form of pelvic tumor. Approximately half the time leiomyomas are asymptomatic. What are the symptoms of leiomyomas that are not asymptomatic? a) anemia and urinary frequency b) diarrhea and rectal pressure c) menorrhagia d) abdominal distention and diarrhea

a) anemia and urinary frequency

Cancer of the breast is the most common cancer in women. Many breast cancers are found by women themselves while doing breast self-examination. When should postmenopausal women to breast self-examination? a) any day of the month b) 2 days following menses c) on the first day of every month d) on the 15th day of every month

a) any day of the month

A female client asks the nurse practitioner what organism is considered normal vaginal flora. The best response would be: a) doderlein bacilli b) C. albicans c) C. glabrata d) T. vaginalis

a) doderlein bacilli

A male client has developed priapism. The nurse is aware that the client is at risk for: a) impotence b) cancer of the penis c) premature ejaculation d) swelling of the testicles

a) impotence

An 18-year-old woman presents at the clinic complaining new-onset breakthrough bleeding, even though she is taking contraceptives. What contraceptive use, along with new-onset breakthrough bleeding, has been associated with pelvic inflammatory disease? a) intrauterine device b) depo-provera c) spermicidal foam d) diaphragm

a) intrauterine device

Select the treatment of choice for syphilis a) long-acting penicillin in a single injection b) UV radiation to the genital area c) oral amoxicillin for 10 days d) topical clotrimazole cream

a) long-acting penicillin in a single injection

Bartholin gland obstruction of the ductal system will cause a cyst. Sometimes the cyst becomes infected and an abscess occurs. What is the surgical removal of Bartholin cyst or abscess when a wedge of vulvar skin is removed along with the cyst wall? a) marsupialization b) vulvectomy c) bartholectomy d) incision and drainage

a) marsupialization

The nurse is reviewing the lab results of a client who has noninflammatory prostatitis. The nurse would expect the results to include: a) normal leukocyte count b) increased PSA level c) pain radiating down the inner thighs d) positive urine culture for bacteria

a) normal leukocyte count

A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child who has undergone corrective surgery for cryptorchidism. The most important information for the nurse to provide is: a) parents should be taught that their child needs frequent follow-up visits b) parents must understand that their child is at increased risk for sterility c) teaching should include methods to prevent recurrence of this problem d) explanations that medication therapy needs to be administered until puberty

a) parents should be taught that their child needs frequent follow-up visits

A 75-year-old man presents at the clinic complaining of pain during intercourse and an upward bowing of his penis during erection. The client's history mentions an inflammation of the penis that was treated 3 months ago. The physician's physical examination of the client notes beads of scar tissue along the dorsal midline of the penile shaft. What would be the suspected diagnosis of this client? a) peyronie disease b) cavernosa disease c) balanitic disease d) paraphimosis disease

a) peyronie disease

The nurse is teaching a postpartum client about anticipated hormonal changes. In the postpartum period, the breasts will become responsive to prolactin as a result of: a) placental hormones b) follicle-stimulating hormone c) oxytocin d) luteinizing hormone

a) placental hormones

An adolescent male asks the health care provider what function the testes play in the male body. The best response would be: a) production of androgens and spermatozoa b) produces the fluid constituents of semen c) aids in the storage and transport of spermatozoa d) functions in both urine elimination and sexual function

a) production of androgens and spermatozoa

A client asks the nurse what hormone is responsible for temperature elevation that occurs with ovulation. The best response would be: a) progesterone b) androgen c) prolactin d) testosterone

a) progesterone

A woman diagnosed with fibrocystic breast disease asks if any foods should be avoided in her diet. The most important information to provide would be: a) saturated fat b) xanthines c) simple carbs d) antioxidants

b) xanthines

A school nurse is providing an informational session about the prevention of cervical cancer in young girls and women. The most important information for the nurse to present would be: a) use of low-dose estrogen oral contraceptive pills or patches b) abstinence of sexual activity until in a monogamous relationship c) HPV vaccine before becoming sexually active d) use of latex condom with each and every sexual encounter

c) HPV vaccine before becoming sexually active

A 40-year-old man presents at the clinic complaining of painful urination and rectal pain. His vital signs are temperature, 101.7F; blood pressure, 105/74; pulse, 98; respiration, 22. While taking a history, the nurse notes the client has had chills, malaise, and myalgia. What would the nurse suspect as a diagnosis? a) benign prostatic hyperplasia b) epididymitis c) acute bacterial prostatitis d) orchitis

c) acute bacterial prostatitis

A client presents with signs and symptoms of candidiasis and is concerned about why this occurs after taking antibiotics. The most appropriate information for the nurse to provide would be: a) antibiotics cause an increase in vaginal glycogen, which promotes candidiasis b) the bacterium is found in the vagina and can overgrow due to poor vaginal hygiene c) antibiotics suppress the normal protective vaginal flora allowing overgrowth of C. albicans d) the inappropriate use of antibiotics will cause overgrowth of Candida

c) antibiotics suppress the normal protective vaginal flora allowing overgrowth of C. albicans

A client who has a history of untreated cervicitis tells the nurse that she is concerned about the risk of experiencing problems with fertility. The nurse explains that problems may result from: a) severe abdominal peritonitis b) acute urinary tract infection c) ascending infection to the fallopian tubes d) development of low back pain

c) ascending infection to the fallopian tubes

The nurse provides prophylactic treatment for a neonate to prevent conjunctival gonorrhea. the nurse is aware that the intervention will reduce the risk of: a) urethritis b) pruritis c) blindness d) genital infection

c) blindness

A client has progressed to the stage of advanced syphilis (tertiary). Assessment findings of the client may include: a) tremors b) nervousness c) dementia d) stomatitis

c) dementia

Cryptorchidism, left untreated, is a high risk for testicular cancer and infertility. What are the treatment goals for boys with cryptorchidism? a) prevention of testicular cancer b) prevention of an associated inguinal hernia c) easier cancer detection d) decreased fertility

c) easier cancer detection

A client who has been diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) asks if there is anything to help alleviate the symptoms. The best response would be: a) decrease intake of fluids to reduce fluid retention b) increase intake of caffeine products during this period c) eat a diet low in simple sugars and high in protein d) limit activities and maintain bed rest as necessary

c) eat a diet low in simple sugars and high in protein

Chancroid or soft chancre is a highly contagious STI usually found in the Southeast Asian and North African populations. What is the recommended treatment for Chancroid? a) tetraclycine b) sulfamethoxazole c) erythromycin d) acyclovir

c) erythromycin

A client tells the nurse that her mother recently passed from ovarian cancer. The client asks why the survival rate from ovarian cancer is so low. The best response would be: a) the virus that is linked to causing ovarian cancer is resistant to chemotherapy b) it usually occurs in the older population who are not concerned with childbearing c) symptoms of ovarian cancer are nonspecific and therefore difficult to interpret d) ovarian cancer does not respond to radiation treatment

c) symptoms of ovarian cancer are nonspecific and therefore difficult to interpret

Ectopic pregnancies are true gynecologic emergencies and are considered the leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester. What diagnostic test would you expect to have ordered for a suspected ectopic pregnancy? a) transvaginal ultrasound if pregnancy is less than 5 weeks gestation b) serial B-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) with higher than normal hCG production c) ultrasonography followed by serial hCG tests d) amniocentesis

c) ultrasonography followed by serial hCG tests

A client asks the nurse what can cause or contribute to the development of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The best response would be: a) decreased amounts of intraprostate levels of insulin-like growth factor results in the overgrowth of the prostate gland b) the repeated actions of bladder retractions place increased pressure on the prostate gland causing hypertrophy of the gland c) decreased amounts of estrogen lead to the enlargement of the cells within the walls of the prostate gland d) dihydrotestosterone (DHT) proliferates the growth of prostatic stroll cells, leading to a reduction in the death of epithelial cells

d) dihydrotestosterone (DHT) proliferates the growth of prostatic stroll cells, leading to a reduction in the death of epithelial cells

Select the most biologically potent and the most abundantly secreted product of the ovary a) estrone b) progesterone c) estriol d) estradiol

d) estradiol

A client who has been diagnosed with gonorrhea asks the nurse if anyone has to know about it. The best response by the nurse is: a) if the client abstains from sexual intercourse, it does not need to be reported b) it is only reported after the second infection c) is it only reported if a client is married d) gonorrhea is a reportable sexually transmitted infection

d) gonorrhea is a reportable sexually transmitted infection

Tertiary syphilis is a delayed response of untreated primary syphilis and can occur as long as 20 years after the primary disease. When tertiary syphilis progresses to a symptomatic stage, it can produce localized necrotic lesions. What are these lesions called? a) chancres b) chancroids c) gummies d) gummas

d) gummas

The mother of a 5-year-old boy brings him into the clinic because there is a firm feeling swelling around one of his testes. what would the suspected diagnosis be? a) peyronie disease b) cryptorchism c) priapism d) hydrocele

d) hydrocele

The health care provider suspects a diagnosis of endometriosis for a female client. The diagnosis would be confirmed by: a) LEEP procedure b) CT scan c) MRI d) laparoscopy

d) laparoscopy

A male client presents at the clinic with flulike symptoms and reports a weight loss of 10 pounds without trying. On physical examination, the client is found to have splenomegaly and large, tender, fluctuant inguinal lymph nodes. While taking the nursing history, it is discovered that the client prefers male sexual partners, and that 2 weeks ago the client had small, painless papule. What disease would the nurse suspect the client has? a) genital herpes b) chancroid c) syphilis d) lymphogranuloma venereum

d) lymphogranuloma venereum