Pathology chap8

What is the function of the thalamus?

A relay station that receives sensory impulses before sending them to the cerebral cortex

The largest part of the brain is the:

Cerebrum

Which of the following is an extension of the dura mater that projects downward into the longitudinal fissure to separate the cerebral hemispheres?

Falx cerebri

Deterioration of the myelin sheath is a characteristic abnormality of:

Multiple sclerosis

What is the most common facial bone fracture?

Nasal bones

The basic unit of the nervous system is the:

Neuron

What term is used to denote the sudden and dramatic development of a focal neurologic deficit?

Stroke

A rupture of a berry aneurysm is a major cause of:

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Which of the following is caused by venous bleeding in the cranium?

Subdural hematoma

Where is the most common site for traumatic arteriovenous fistulas to arise in the CNS?

the internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus

Which of the following are components of the central nervous system?

(1) Brain (2) Spinal cord

Which of the following are parts of the basal ganglia?

(1) Globus pallidus (2) Caudate nuclei (3) Putamen

Which of the following are components of the peripheral nervous system?

(2) Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves (3) Autonomic nerves

What is the myelin sheath?

A fatty insulation covering of the axon

In patients under 20 years of age, _____ is the most common cause of nontraumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhage.

AVM

What is the function of the arachnoid villi?

Absorption of CSF into venous blood

Which of the following is a slow-growing, benign tumor that occurs on the eighth cranial nerve?

Acoustic neuroma

Which of the following degenerative neurologic diseases causes widespread selective atrophy and loss of motor nerves that eventually leads to paralysis and death?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig)

Which of the following is the most common type of glioma?

Astrocytoma

The smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular epithelial tissue are controlled by the _____.

Autonomic nervous system

Which of the following facial fractures is usually caused by a direct blow to the orbit?

Blow-out fracture

The central nervous system is composed of the:

Brain and spinal cord

Which portion of the brain lies between the cerebrum and the spinal cord?

Brainstem

Which of the following is the primary imaging modality used to examine head injuries (trauma)?

CT

The ventricles of the brain are filled with:

Cerebrospinal fluid

Networks of capillaries in the ventricles that form CSF are known as:

Choroid plexuses

A brain abscess is usually the result of a:

Chronic infections of sinuses, middle ear, or mastoids or systemic infections (that is, pneumonia)

Which of the following is used to initially screen patients suspected of a transient ischemic attack?

Color-flow Doppler ultrasound

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Coordinates skeletal muscles to maintain equilibrium and balance

Which type of skull fracture can cause separation of the suture?

Diastatic

Which portion of the brain lies between the cerebrum and the midbrain?

Diencephalon

What position is recommended to obtain trauma images of the facial bones when the patient cannot be positioned upright?

Dorsal decubitus

The inner protective layer of the central nervous system is composed of three layers. The tough, outermost covering is called the:

Dura mater

Viral inflammation of the brain is termed:

Encephalitis

Which type of primary brain tumor usually arises in the walls of the fourth ventricle in children and in the lateral ventricles in adults?

Ependymoma

Which of the following is caused by arterial bleeding in the cranium?

Epidural hematoma

A condition in which brain impulses are disturbed and causes symptoms ranging from loss of consciousness to violent seizures is:

Epilepsy

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed in the arachnoid villi.

False

Radiography of the skull for fractures is essential to the diagnosis of associated brain injury.

False

TRUE/FALSE The cerebellum is the largest portion of the brain.

False

What is the most common primary malignant brain tumor?

Glioma

Paralysis on one side of the body is termed:

Hemiplegia

Which of the following CNS degenerative disorders has the CT pathologic hallmark of atrophy of the caudate nucleus and putamen, causing focal dilatation of the frontal horns?

Huntington's disease

Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formed?

In the choroid plexus

What are the basal ganglia?

Islands of gray matter deep within the white matter of the cerebrum

Which of the following involve bilateral and horizontal fractures of the maxillae?

Le Fort fracture

What are the most common primary malignancies that metastasize to the brain?

Lung and breast

Which benign CNS tumor arises from arachnoid lining cells and is attached to the dura?

Meningioma

An acute inflammation of the pia mater and arachnoid is called:

Meningitis

Which of the following types of gliomas are slow growing and tend to calcify?

Oligodendrocytoma

The midbrain consists of the:

Pons and medulla

Which projection is useful in demonstrating fractures of the zygomatic arches?

SMV

What is the function of the tentorium cerebelli?

Separate the cerebral occipital lobe from the cerebellum

Which of the following supplies the striated skeletal muscles?

Somatic nervous system

What is the most common cause of a subdural empyema?

Spread of infection from frontal or ethmoid sinuses

Focal neurologic defects that completely resolve within 24 hours are known as:

Transient ischemic attacks (TIA)

When the zygoma is separated from the other facial bones, the fracture is known as a _____ fracture.

Tripod

Bilateral fractures are common in the mandible.

True

Encephalitis is most commonly caused by herpes simplex virus.

True

MRI is considered the best imaging modality for suspected brain tumors.

True

Sinus infections can spread to the brain and cause an empyema or abscess.

True

The middle meningeal layer is the arachnoid membrane.

True

The most common type of primary brain tumor is a glioma.

True

The nasal bones are the most commonly fractured facial bone.

Ture

What position is recommended to obtain facial bone radiographic images to evaluate facial trauma?

Upright