Pathology chap8
What is the function of the thalamus?
A relay station that receives sensory impulses before sending them to the cerebral cortex
The largest part of the brain is the:
Cerebrum
Which of the following is an extension of the dura mater that projects downward into the longitudinal fissure to separate the cerebral hemispheres?
Falx cerebri
Deterioration of the myelin sheath is a characteristic abnormality of:
Multiple sclerosis
What is the most common facial bone fracture?
Nasal bones
The basic unit of the nervous system is the:
Neuron
What term is used to denote the sudden and dramatic development of a focal neurologic deficit?
Stroke
A rupture of a berry aneurysm is a major cause of:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Which of the following is caused by venous bleeding in the cranium?
Subdural hematoma
Where is the most common site for traumatic arteriovenous fistulas to arise in the CNS?
the internal carotid artery and cavernous sinus
Which of the following are components of the central nervous system?
(1) Brain (2) Spinal cord
Which of the following are parts of the basal ganglia?
(1) Globus pallidus (2) Caudate nuclei (3) Putamen
Which of the following are components of the peripheral nervous system?
(2) Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves (3) Autonomic nerves
What is the myelin sheath?
A fatty insulation covering of the axon
In patients under 20 years of age, _____ is the most common cause of nontraumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhage.
AVM
What is the function of the arachnoid villi?
Absorption of CSF into venous blood
Which of the following is a slow-growing, benign tumor that occurs on the eighth cranial nerve?
Acoustic neuroma
Which of the following degenerative neurologic diseases causes widespread selective atrophy and loss of motor nerves that eventually leads to paralysis and death?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig)
Which of the following is the most common type of glioma?
Astrocytoma
The smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular epithelial tissue are controlled by the _____.
Autonomic nervous system
Which of the following facial fractures is usually caused by a direct blow to the orbit?
Blow-out fracture
The central nervous system is composed of the:
Brain and spinal cord
Which portion of the brain lies between the cerebrum and the spinal cord?
Brainstem
Which of the following is the primary imaging modality used to examine head injuries (trauma)?
CT
The ventricles of the brain are filled with:
Cerebrospinal fluid
Networks of capillaries in the ventricles that form CSF are known as:
Choroid plexuses
A brain abscess is usually the result of a:
Chronic infections of sinuses, middle ear, or mastoids or systemic infections (that is, pneumonia)
Which of the following is used to initially screen patients suspected of a transient ischemic attack?
Color-flow Doppler ultrasound
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Coordinates skeletal muscles to maintain equilibrium and balance
Which type of skull fracture can cause separation of the suture?
Diastatic
Which portion of the brain lies between the cerebrum and the midbrain?
Diencephalon
What position is recommended to obtain trauma images of the facial bones when the patient cannot be positioned upright?
Dorsal decubitus
The inner protective layer of the central nervous system is composed of three layers. The tough, outermost covering is called the:
Dura mater
Viral inflammation of the brain is termed:
Encephalitis
Which type of primary brain tumor usually arises in the walls of the fourth ventricle in children and in the lateral ventricles in adults?
Ependymoma
Which of the following is caused by arterial bleeding in the cranium?
Epidural hematoma
A condition in which brain impulses are disturbed and causes symptoms ranging from loss of consciousness to violent seizures is:
Epilepsy
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed in the arachnoid villi.
False
Radiography of the skull for fractures is essential to the diagnosis of associated brain injury.
False
TRUE/FALSE The cerebellum is the largest portion of the brain.
False
What is the most common primary malignant brain tumor?
Glioma
Paralysis on one side of the body is termed:
Hemiplegia
Which of the following CNS degenerative disorders has the CT pathologic hallmark of atrophy of the caudate nucleus and putamen, causing focal dilatation of the frontal horns?
Huntington's disease
Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formed?
In the choroid plexus
What are the basal ganglia?
Islands of gray matter deep within the white matter of the cerebrum
Which of the following involve bilateral and horizontal fractures of the maxillae?
Le Fort fracture
What are the most common primary malignancies that metastasize to the brain?
Lung and breast
Which benign CNS tumor arises from arachnoid lining cells and is attached to the dura?
Meningioma
An acute inflammation of the pia mater and arachnoid is called:
Meningitis
Which of the following types of gliomas are slow growing and tend to calcify?
Oligodendrocytoma
The midbrain consists of the:
Pons and medulla
Which projection is useful in demonstrating fractures of the zygomatic arches?
SMV
What is the function of the tentorium cerebelli?
Separate the cerebral occipital lobe from the cerebellum
Which of the following supplies the striated skeletal muscles?
Somatic nervous system
What is the most common cause of a subdural empyema?
Spread of infection from frontal or ethmoid sinuses
Focal neurologic defects that completely resolve within 24 hours are known as:
Transient ischemic attacks (TIA)
When the zygoma is separated from the other facial bones, the fracture is known as a _____ fracture.
Tripod
Bilateral fractures are common in the mandible.
True
Encephalitis is most commonly caused by herpes simplex virus.
True
MRI is considered the best imaging modality for suspected brain tumors.
True
Sinus infections can spread to the brain and cause an empyema or abscess.
True
The middle meningeal layer is the arachnoid membrane.
True
The most common type of primary brain tumor is a glioma.
True
The nasal bones are the most commonly fractured facial bone.
Ture
What position is recommended to obtain facial bone radiographic images to evaluate facial trauma?
Upright