Pathophysiology: Exam # 1
Your client's lab results show that the client's serum calcium level is very low . What signs and symptoms would the client exhibit? Select all that apply.
Chvostek's sign * Muscle flaccidity Trousseau's sign * Paresthesias around mouth and hands * Constipation
What is one sign associated with hypokalemia?
Edema Dark-colored urine Weight gain Prolonged PR interval on electrocardiogram **
A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse how to analyze the electrocardiogram of a hyperkalemic client. Assess the statements made by the student nurse and choose the clinical manifestation that can be observed on the electrocardiogram of a hyperkalemic client.
"It will show wide QRS complexes." * "It will show a prominent U wave." "It will show a flattened T wave." "It will show a prolonged PR interval."
What condition may result in hyperkalemia?
Alkalosis Acidosis ** Hypernatremia Hypermagnesemia
What condition is often associated with hypercalcemia?
Hypernatremia Hypophosphatemia ** Hyponatremia Hyperphosphatemia
Which of the following statements about sodium imbalances are true? Select all that apply.
Hypernatremia causes muscle inflexibility. Hypernatremia may result in increased thirst. Hyponatremia accompanied by fluid excess may result in cell swelling. Hypernatremia may occur with fluid excess or fluid deficit. Hyponatremia only occurs with fluid excess.
A nurse is providing nutritional advice to a client with hypomagnesemia. Which of the following are risk factors for hypomagnesemia? Select all that apply.
Kidney failure Alcoholism Athletic endurance events Obesity Antacid abuse
Fluid volume excess may cause which of the following signs? Select all that apply.
Weight loss Thirst Edema ** Dark-colored urine Crackles in the lungs. **
In the bicarbonate buffering system, carbon dioxide and water join to form ___________, which dissociates into hydrogen and ________________.
bicarbonate, carbon dioxide bicarbonate, carbonic acid bicarbonate, oxygen carbonic acid, bicarbonate **
What is reduced sodium concentration accompanied by fluid deficit called?
Hypovolemic hypernatremia Hypovolemic hyponatremia * Hypervolemic hyponatremia Hypervolemic hypernatremia
Which of the following are incorrectly matched? Select all that apply.
Hypovolemic hypernatremia - edema Hypervolemic hyponatremia - diluted sodium concentration Acidosis - false hyperkalemia Hypokalemia - prolonged PR intervals Hypocalcemia - hypophosphatemia
