Pathos

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client, and notes findings consistent with hypoxemia. Which manifestation suggest this diagnosis? A) Tachypnea B) Bradycardia C) Hyperthermia D) Hemiparesis

A

A nurse is providing dietary education for a client. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of dietary antioxidants? A) "Vitamin E is one of the most important dietary lipid-soluble antioxidants." B) "Antioxidants are only found in healthy, whole foods." C) "Vitamin C is a dietary, fat-soluble antioxidant." D) "Dietary vitamins are an example of enzymatic antioxidants."

A

A nurse is teaching a community health class about the causes of cancer. Which statement will the nurse include when teaching about the formation of cancer? A) "When cellular death is altered, cancer may occur." B) "When cells do not divide enough, a tumor may form." C) "Tumors form when enzymes cause the uncontrolled destruction of cell components." D) "When cellular contents leak out through altered cell walls, cancer may occur."

A

A patient is being seen in the clinic for insomnia. The nurse explains that the best diagnostic indicator of insomnia is: A) the patient's report of insomnia. B) results of polysomnography. C) completing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. D) results of actigraphy.

A

A patient is being seen in the clinic for vaccinations and medical advice prior to traveling to an underdeveloped nation for volunteer work. Which patient statement indicates that further teaching is needed regarding the transmission of typhus? A) "The disease may be transmitted by touching an infected object." B) "The disease may be transmitted through humans." C) "I should avoid drinking the water if sanitary conditions are poor." D) "I can get typhus from contaminated food."

A

A patient is concerned about getting hepatitis A from the hepatitis A vaccine. To allay this concern, the nurse explains that: A) the pathogen is treated with a chemical so it cannot reproduce and cause illness. B) the pathogen is grown under conditions that make is less virulent. C) the vaccine contains purified antigens rather than whole organisms. D) toxins are treated with chemicals to remove toxic components.

A

A patient with chronic alcohol abuse tells the nurse that he is experiencing numbness and tingling of the hands and feet. After alerting the physician, which action would the nurse anticipate implementing? A) Administering thiamine (vitamin B1) B) Administering chlordiazepoxide C) Administering glucagon D) Administering hydration

A

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which of the following measures to control pain should the nurse question when caring for a patient in pain? A) Review chronic opioid use every 6 months. B) Start with the lowest effective opioid dose. C) Try nonpharmacological measures to control pain. D) Begin with nonopioid therapy.

A

During sleep apnea, the nurse can anticipate which laboratory values? A) A rise in blood CO2, a drop in blood O2 B) A rise in blood CO2, a rise in blood O2 C) A drop in blood CO2, a rise in blood O2 D) A drop in blood CO2, a drop in blood O2

A

In planning a program of health-related physical fitness, the nurse explains to the obese client that a goal of this program is to: A) increase cardiorespiratory endurance. B) improve agility. C) increase speed of movement. D) build muscle strength and power.

A

The nurse in the health center on a college campus is talking to freshman students about the consequences of drinking alcohol. The nurse defines a standard drink as: A) 12 ounces of regular beer. B) 6 ounces of malt liquor. C) 4 ounces of table wine. D) 3 ounce shot of whiskey.

A

The nurse should expect to observe which findings in a patient during the incubation period of a viral infection? A) A lack of symptoms B) Nonspecific symptoms such as lethargy, fever, and headache C) Specific symptoms associated with the virus D) Local symptoms

A

The nurse who removes an indwelling catheter is preventing infection by interrupting which link in the chain of infection? A) Portal of entry B) Infectious agent C) Portal of exit D) Reservoir

A

To reduce jet lag in a patient traveling from the United States to Europe, what recommendation should the nurse make? A) Spend time outside during daylight at the destination. B) Take melatonin in the morning until adjusted to time. C) Drink caffeinated coffee in the early evening to overcome tiredness. D) Take a long-acting hypnotic at bedtime.

A

When assessing a female patient with toxic shock syndrome, the nurse may suspect that the patient has recently: A) used hyperabsorbent tampons while menstruating. B) traveled to the Southwest of the United States. C) experienced a tick bite. D) eaten contaminated food.

A

When assessing a patient in the withdrawal stage of substance abuse, the nurse will most likely observe: A) an increased sensitivity to stress. B) positive emotions. C) balancing desire for drug with the will to abstain. D) consideration of possibility of relapse.

A

When developing a care plan for a patient with narcolepsy, the nursing diagnosis with the highest priority is: A) risk for injury. B) insomnia. C) deficient knowledge. D) disturbed body image.

A

When planning a program to discuss the problem of antibiotic drug resistance in the community, the nurse should include which of the following directions? A) Avoid the use of antibiotics unless they are necessary. B) Take antibiotics only until the symptoms are gone. C) Treat influenza immediately with antibiotics. D) Take antibiotics immediately if you are feeling ill.

A

When providing genetic counseling, the nurse explains that the observable clinical expression of genetic coding is called: A) phenotype. B) genotype. C) variable expressivity. D) reduced penetrance.

A

Which assessment by the nurse indicates that a patient who has just fallen to sleep is in stage 1 of sleep? A) Slow rolling eye movements B) Breathing slows down C) Rapid eye movement D) Drop in blood pressure

A

Which manifestation would the nurse expect to find in a patient with chronic opioid use? A) Track marks along a vein B) Deviated septum C) Hepatitis A D) Respiratory depression

A

Which musculoskeletal finding should the nurse expect in a client who engages in regular physical activity? A) Increased skeletal muscle mass B) Prevention of osteoarthritis C) Reduced bone mineral density of the hip D) Increased risk of hip fractures

A

Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority in the patient with somnambulism? A) Risk for injury B) Insomnia C) Deficient knowledge D) Disturbed body image

A

Which of the following drug characteristics should the emergency department nurse keep in mind when caring for a patient who has recently orally ingested lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)? A) Onset of action 30-90 minutes B) Peak effect 1-2 hours C) Duration of action 2-3 hours D) Flashbacks in 4-6 hours

A

Which of the following patients should receive the Zostavax® vaccine? A) A healthy patient over 60 years of age B) A patient over age 60 years of age and is taking immunosuppressive drugs C) A patient over 60 years of age with Hodgkin's lymphoma D) A patient over 60 years of age with HIV

A

A nurse is caring for a premature newborn who has experienced oxidative stress when transitioning from fetal circulation to newborn circulation. Which conditions is the newborn at risk for developing? Select all that apply. A) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) B) Necrotizing enterocolitis C) Intravascular hemorrhage D) Gestational diabetes mellitus E) Retinopathy of prematurity

A,B,C,E

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client diagnosed with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Which assessment findings would the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply. A) Headache B) Bradycardia C) Dyspnea D) Hypertension E) Syncope

A,C,E

A patient in the clinic tells the nurse that she has difficulty sleeping at night. When developing a plan of care for this patient, which of the following would the nurse consider? A) Melatonin is released in response to darkness. B) Sunlight reduces the release of melatonin. C) Melatonin is released in the late afternoon. D) Melatonin secretion stops about 2 a.m.

B

A patient with metastatic breast cancer has been prescribed Cannabis for medical use. Which patient statement indicates that more teaching is required? A) "Cannabis will help reduce my nausea." B) "Cannabis promotes weight loss." C) "Cannabis will reduce my pain." D) "Cannabis will relieve inflammation."

B

The nurse has just received his assignment of four patients for the shift. The nurse notes that which of the following patients has a healthcare-acquired infection (HAI)? A) A patient admitted from home with influenza B) A nursing home resident admitted with pneumonia C) A student admitted with measles contracted in college D) A patient admitted from home, via ambulance, with HIV

B

The nurse is explaining the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance due to diethylstilbestrol (DES) to a patient whose mother took DES while pregnant with her. What statement indicates that the patient understands the inheritance of epigenetic-induced changes? A) "My children won't be affected because I didn't take DES." B) "I can pass on these changes to my children." C) "Changes cannot be passed on to my grandchildren." D) "DES changes are not inherited."

B

The nurse is teaching a prenatal class about newborn immunity. Which statement by a participant requires further teaching? A) "Newborns obtain passive immunity from the mother." B) "Newborns obtain active immunity across the placenta." C) "Only antibody to infections to which the mother has been exposed will transfer to the newborn." D) "Maternal antibody provides temporary immunity to the newborn."

B

The nurse suspects that a patient brought to the emergency department by ambulance has suffered an opioid overdose. What is the priority action by the nurse? A) Call the physician. B) Administer naloxone. C) Obtain an order for naloxone. D) Assess the patient and get a history from the family.

B

The nurse would expect a client with a body mass index of 21.2 to be classified as: A) underweight. B) normal weight. C) overweight. D) obese.

B

The patient with chronic stress is likely to exhibit which immune response? A) Increased leukocyte mobilization to the skin B) Suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity responses C) Enhanced production of chemokines D) Enhanced production of cytokines

B

The public health nurse is educating the public at a health fair about Ebola virus. Which statement by an audience member indicates that more teaching is needed? A) "The virus is spread through contact with bodily fluids." B) "The virus is only spread through sharing contaminated needles." C) "The virus can be transmitted by direct contact with contaminated objects." D) "The virus can be transmitted through inhalation of droplets."

B

When assessing a patient's sleep-wake pattern, the nurse keeps in mind circadian body patterns. Which assessment data would indicate that the client follows normal circadian sleep-wake patterns? A) Highest level of alertness at 4 p.m. (1600 hours) B) Best coordination at 2:30 p.m. (1430 hours) C) Fastest reaction time at 10:00 a.m. (1000 hours) D) Greatest muscle strength at 12 noon (1200 hours)

B

Which patient statement is typical of data collected from patients with a diagnosis of restless leg syndrome? A) "The urge to move my legs subsides when resting." B) "My leg restless subsides with movement." C) "The restlessness subsides in the evening." D) "My symptoms get better at night."

B

Which strategy in the plan of care for a mechanically ventilated critically ill patient has the highest priority to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia? A) Suction frequently. B) Provide mouth care. C) Turn and position. D) Administer antibiotics intravenously.

B

While monitoring community health trends, the public health nurse notes an emerging infectious disease. What condition would alert the nurse to such an occurrence? A) The disease occurs cyclically within a population. B) The disease is newly identified within a population. C) The disease is regularly seen in a geographic area. D) The disease occurs sporadically and has occurred before in a geographic area.

B

A gerontology nurse is speaking to adults in a senior center about healthy sleep patterns. Which sleep pattern does the nurse describe as normal for this age group? A) Taking a shorter time to fall asleep B) Having longer sleep cycles C) Taking more naps D) Spending more time in REM sleep

C

A nurse is caring for a client with endometrial hyperplasia. What is the nurse's understanding of the condition of the client's endometrial cells? A) The cells have increased in size. B) The cells have increased intracellular protein. C) The cells have increased in number. D) The cells have increased motility.

C

A nurse is caring for a number of clients. Based on the site of injury, which client is at the most immediate risk for hypoxia-induced cell injury? A) A client admitted with an injury to the right great toe. B) A client admitted with a chest wall injury. C) A client admitted with a traumatic brain injury. D) A client admitted for a right femoral head fracture.

C

A nurse is performing follow up education for a client who recently underwent a punch biopsy procedure for suspected melanoma. Which statement by the client indicates appropriate understanding of melanin? A) "Melanin an example of an external pigment." B) "Melanin is a yellow-brown pigment composed of fats." C) "Melanin protects certain cells from UV light." D) "Melanin is composed of hemoglobin, a blood component."

C

A nurse researcher involved in epigenomics is studying: A) the role of specific genes. B) the function of groups of genes in mediating physiologic function. C) genetic variations and modifications that influence a particular cell. D) the origin of the structural and functional events leading to disease.

C

The emergency department nurse is caring for a patient with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.20. At this BAC, the nurse should be alert for: A) respiratory arrest. B) euphoria. C) nausea and vomiting. D) coma.

C

The emergency department nurse is most likely to assess which findings in a patient who has used cocaine within the last three hours? A) Drowsiness and sedation B) Bradycardia and hypotension C) Chest pain and palpitations D) Muscular hypotonia

C

The nurse in the employee health clinic is performing urine drug screenings on employees. In answer to an employee's question about how long cocaine is detectable in the urine, the nurse responds: A) for 1-3 days. B) for 3-5 days. C) up to 8 days. D) up to 13 days.

C

The nurse in the health center on a college campus is talking to freshman students about the consequences of drinking alcohol. Which statement by a freshman student indicates that the nurse's teaching has been effective? A) "To reduce absorption, I should take alcohol on an empty stomach." B) "Drinking water speeds up the absorption of alcohol." C) "Drinking a carbonated beverage speeds up absorption of alcohol." D) "Alcohol must be digested before it can be absorbed."

C

The nurse is answering nursing students' questions about the process of meiosis and mitosis. Which statement by a student should the nurse correct? A) "In mitosis, cells divide to form an identical cell." B) "Gonadal cells contain 23 chromosomes." C) "Sperm and egg cells are diploid cells." D) "Haploid cells have 23 chromosomes."

C

The occupational health nurse is assessing environmental hazards in a manufacturing facility that produces loud noises. This is considered which type of environmental hazard? A) Biological B) Chemical C) Physical D) Psychosocial

C

The occupational health nurse is biomonitoring workers for exposure to chemicals in the workplace. When should the nurse obtain blood and urine samples? A) At the beginning of the work shift B) In the middle of the work shift C) At the end of the work shift D) During the pre-employment physical

C

The staff development nurse at the hospital is teaching other nurses about the infectious process. Which statement by a nurse in the class indicates that this class participant needs further teaching about the concept of commensal microorganisms? A) "A commensal microorganism is normal flora." B) "These microorganisms can cause disease if they enter sterile tissues of the body." C) "A commensal microorganism is always damaging to the host." D) "A commensal microorganism derives benefits from the host."

C

What findings should alert the nurse to a potential complication in a patient with Zika virus? A) Fever and muscle aches B) Headaches and conjunctivitis C) Muscle weakness and difficulty breathing D) Rash and arthralgia

C

When assessing a patient who smoked a synthetic cannabinoid, the nurse should be alert for which potential prolonged adverse effects? A) Distorted perception and difficulty thinking and problem solving B) Bradycardia, sedation, and hallucinations C) Tachycardia, agitation, sedation, and psychosis D) Poor eye contact, paranoia, and anxiety

C

When evaluating the effectiveness of the stimulant drug methylphenidate in the patient with narcolepsy, the nurse should expect the patient to have: A) less attacks of sleep paralysis. B) less cataplexy attacks. C) reduced daytime sleepiness. D) uninterrupted nighttime sleep.

C

When planning a program to educate the community about healthy nutrition, the community health nurse should tell adults to consume: A) 100% of grain intake as whole grains. B) at least 3.5 cups of fruits and vegetables each day. C) more highly pigmented fruits and vegetables. D) 3 to 5 servings of dairy each day.

C

When planning community health promotion and prevention programs, the nurse should be aware that the leading cause of death in the United States is: A) accidents. B) suicide. C) heart disease. D) cancer.

C

When taking a healthy patient's vital signs, the nurse would expect the highest body temperature to occur at what time of day? A) 6 a.m. (0600 hours) B) 12 noon (1200 hours) C) 7 p.m. (1900 hours) D) 2 a.m. (0200 hours)

C

Which assessment data will give the nurse the best information to determine exposure to environmental hazards? A) Physical examination B) Laboratory tests C) Health history D) Nutritional history

C

Which information should be included in the teaching care plan for a patient with tuberculosis (TB) in order to reduce the transmission of the disease? A) TB is spread through sexual contact. B) Transmission occurs from sharing utensils of a person with TB. C) TB is transmitted by inhaling droplets from a person with TB. D) TB can spread through breaks in the skin.

C

Which instruction should the nurse give to a patient undergoing a Suggested Immobility Test for possible restless leg syndrome? A) "You will be asked to lie quietly in bed." B) "This test takes place at night." C) "Do not fall asleep." D) "You may move around if your legs feel restless."

C

Which of the following outcomes should a nurse expect in a client who exercises regularly? A) Reduced glucose transport into cells B) Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 max) C) Increased insulin sensitivity D) Reduced metabolic rate

C

Which of the following patient statements indicates that teaching about the effects of smokeless tobacco has been effective? A) "Smokeless tobacco and other compounds in tobacco are not absorbed from my mouth." B) "Smokeless tobacco is perfectly safe for me to use." C) "Smokeless tobacco can cause tooth disease." D) "Smokeless tobacco does not increase the risk of developing cancers."

C

A community health nurse is teaching a class on the effects of heart injury. Which statement from class attendees indicates an appropriate understanding of the course material? A) "When my heart cells are deprived of oxygen, irreversible damage occurs." B) "My heart cells may fully recover if blood supply returns within 15 minutes." C) "When my heart cells sustain an injury, they can no longer function normally." D) "Even if my heart cells die, the damage to my heart is still reversible."

D

A nurse is educating a client who asks, "Why don't I get sick every time my body's cells are stressed?" How will the nurse respond? A) "When cells are exposed to stressors, they focus exclusively on specialized functions." B) "The body's cells are not at risk for injury under stressors alone." C) "To avoid injury, cells generally adapt to stressors by expending more resources." D) "Changes can occur in the body's cells that favor cellular survival."

D

A nurse is reviewing a client's pathology report which notes the presence of intracellular hyaline. What condition does the nurse identify as an example where intracellular hyaline may be present? A) Scar tissue B) Arteriosclerosis C) Decreased vascularity D) Tumor

D

According to the Evans and Stoddart ecological model, which of the following is part of the social environment at the individual level? A) Respect for the rights of others B) Availability of sufficient food C) Access to health education D) Employment status

D

The nurse is counseling a pregnant woman with sleep obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Which statement by the woman indicates that she does not understand what the nurse has taught? A) "My baby may have poor fetal growth due to OSA." B) "OSA may lead to a small placenta." C) "My baby may be small for gestational age at birth." D) "OSA will not affect my baby."

D

The nurse is teaching a prenatal class to prospective parents. Which route of exposure does the nurse teach is involved in the development of fetal alcohol syndrome? A) Inhalation B) Ingestion C) Dermal absorption D) Transplacental

D

The public health nurse serves a population where food insecurity is prevalent. When assessing for food insecurity, the nurse is likely to observe which behavior? A) A lack of knowledge about proper nutrition B) A lack of cooking skills C) Making poor food choices at the grocery store D) An inability to secure nutritious food

D

Which statement by a patient indicates that the nurse's teaching about drug tolerance has been ineffective? A) "If I stop the drug suddenly, withdrawal will occur." B) "Drug tolerance means that I will need more drug to feel good." C) "I take this drug because it makes me feel good." D) "Drug tolerance develops after using the drug for the first time."

D

Which statement by a patient indicates to the nurse that more teaching about the effects of stress is needed? A) "Stress is a psychological and physiological response." B) "Stress can lead to poor health." C) "Coping strategies help a person adapt to stress." D) "Smoking is a useful coping strategy."

D

Which statement indicates that a nurse's teaching to parents about childhood pneumococcal vaccination has been understood? A) "For children older than 15 months who have not received the vaccine, the vaccine is no longer recommended." B) "The final dose should be administered between 2 and 3 years of age." C) "The series of vaccinations starts at 6 months." D) "This is a series of four vaccinations."

D

Which statement is typical of a patient who is newly diagnosed with narcolepsy? A) "I gradually drift off to sleep during the day." B) "I sleep well at night." C) "I have periods where I collapse." D) "I have daytime sleepiness and fatigue."

D

How should the nurse respond when the parents of a child with cystic fibrosis ask how their male child inherited this autosomal recessive disorder when neither parent has the disease? A) "Two carriers may pass on the mutation to their child." B) "The disease often skips a generation." C) "The gene for this disorder is on the Y chromosome." D) "Are you sure there is no history of cystic fibrosis in either family?"

A

The nurse is teaching a community program on ways to reduce mercury in the diet. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching sessions? A) Smaller fish have less mercury. B) Larger fish have less mercury. C) Cooking fish destroys mercury. D) Removing skin reduces the amount of mercury.

A

The occupational health nurse is teaching industrial plant employees about the routes of exposure for chemicals used in the plant. The nurse bases the program on the knowledge that the main route of occupational exposure is: A) inhalation. B) ingestion. C) dermal absorption. D) transplacentally.

A

The school nurse is planning health prevention programs for the parents of elementary school-age children. The nurse should take into account that which condition is caused 100% by environmental exposure? A) Lead poisoning B) Asthma C) Cancer D) Behavioral disorders

A

When assessing physiological responses to psychosocial hazards, which assessment data indicates that a patient is showing physiological effects of these hazards? A) Constipation B) Hypotension C) Bradycardia D) Hypoglycemia

A

Which of the following is not the role of the epidemiology nurse? A) Caring for individual patients in need of health care B) Studying the distribution of disease in a population C) Controlling disease outbreaks D) Analyzing health data

A

Which of the following would be considered a sentinel health event by the public health nurse? A) Several nonsmokers in a community who develop lung cancer B) An individual nonsmoker who develops cancer C) Genetically related nonsmoking family members who develop lung cancer D) A cluster of smokers in a community who develop lung cancer

A

The nurse explains to parents that if both of them are carriers of an autosomal recessive genetic mutation, the chance of each child inheriting the disease is: A) 0%. B) 25%. C) 50%. D) 100%.

B

Which assessment data indicates to the nurse that a 10-year-old child is obese? A) A body mass index at or below the 95th percentile on the CDC growth chart for a child of the same age and sex. B) A body mass index at or above the 95th percentile on the CDC growth chart for a child of the same age and sex. C) A body mass index at or below the 85th percentile on the CDC growth chart for a child of the same age and sex. D) A body mass index in the 100th percentile on the CDC growth chart for a child of the same age and sex.

B

Which statement by a client indicates that a nurse's teaching about obesity has been effective? A) "Obesity is an increase in weight." B) "Obesity is excessive accumulation of fat." C) "Obesity in an excessive intake of calories." D) "Obesity is an accumulation of triglycerides."

B

A 38-year-old woman, with no history of diabetes, has an elevated blood glucose level on the first postoperative day following an elective hysterectomy. Which response should the nurse give the patient? A) "This means that you are at risk for developing diabetes." B) "You probably have diabetes but did not know it." C) "This is a normal stress response following surgery." D) "Do you have a family history of diabetes?"

C

A client is preparing for a laparoscopic gastric banding procedure to promote weight loss. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the client understands the procedure? A) "Food will bypass my stomach." B) "My stomach will be vertically divided." C) "An adjustable silicone band will be placed around my stomach." D) "My stomach will be removed."

C

When developing a care plan for a patient with asthma, the nurse needs to understand which pathophysiological subconcept? A) Infection B) Coagulation C) Inflammation D) Perfusion

C

Which action by the nurse shows an understanding of integrating evidence-based principles into practice? A) Creating a care plan and then presenting it to the patient B) Making the best decisions for the patient C) Seeking patient preferences about his care D) Providing written information explaining the patient's care

C

Which assessment data indicates that an adult male client has metabolic syndrome? A) Waist circumference of 35 inches, triglyceride level of 150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein level of 50 mg/dL B) Fasting blood glucose level of 90 mg/dL, waist circumference of 41 inches, blood pressure of 120/20 mmHg C) Waist circumference of 41 inches, triglyceride level of 151 mg/dL, blood pressure 140/86 mmHg D) Waist circumference of 34 inches, fasting blood gl

C

In evaluating the effectiveness of an exercise program in an obese client, the nurse should expect the following outcomes: A) reduced bone density. B) reduced insulin sensitivity. C) increased joint pain. D) enhanced feelings of well-being.

D

The nurse explains to parents of an obese child that which of the following methods is most successful in treating obesity? A) Only increased physical activity B) Only reduced caloric intake C) Use of peer support groups D) Family behavioral therapy

D

The nurse is assessing a patient's risk factors for disease at an annual physical examination. Which question would the nurse ask to assess lifestyle risk factors? A) "Does your neighborhood have parks and sidewalks?" B) "Tell me about the health of your parents." C) "What is the highest level of education that you completed?" D) "How would you describe your diet?"

D

A patient brought to the emergency department by ambulance reports that he has been smoking Cannabis heavily over the last few hours. An assessment reveals conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth, and tachycardia. The nurse determines that the patient is most likely experiencing: A) Cannabis intoxication. B) Cannabis withdrawal. C) Cannabis use disorder. D) Cannabis tolerance.

A

An occupational health nurse works in a chemical plant that follows the precautionary principle. Which of the following actions exemplifies this principle? A) Taking preventative action even with uncertainty about the threat to health B) Taking preventative action only when scientific evidence points to a threat to health C) Taking action only when a cause-and-effect relationship has been proven D) Taking action only when the risk is unacceptable

A

A nurse is assessing the medical history of a client presenting for an office visit. Which assessment finding is most likely to indicate a possible injury to endothelial cells? A) A healing abrasion on the client's arm. B) A tick removal procedure completed two weeks ago. C) A raised, blistering rash on the client's leg caused by poison ivy. D) A 20 pack-year history of smoking.

D

A nurse is educating a group of clients on the health risks of air pollution. Which client is at the greatest risk of exposure to air pollution? A) A client who lives in a remote, rural community. B) A client who works as a bookkeeper in a busy office environment. C) A client with a family history of asthma. D) A client who regularly engages in outdoor activities.

D

In planning care for the elderly population, the nurse should be aware that this population is susceptible to environmental hazards due to: A) increased metabolic rate. B) increased surface-to-body mass ratio. C) increased blood flow. D) reduced cell-mediated immunity.

D

The nurse in the health center on a college campus is talking to freshman students about the consequences of drinking alcohol. What response should the nurse make when a student asks how metabolism of alcohol can be increased? A) "Drinking coffee will speed up the metabolism of alcohol." B) "Exercise will speed up the metabolism of alcohol." C) "Eating a meal will speed up the metabolism of alcohol." D) "The metabolic rate of alcohol is stable and cannot be increased."

D

Which pathophysiological concept should the nurse consider when developing a plan of care for a patient with myocardial ischemia? A) There is a decrease in the amount of oxygen and glucose reaching the myocardium. B) There is a lack of oxygen reaching the myocardium, but the supply of glucose is adequate. C) There is a lack of glucose reaching the myocardium, but the supply of oxygen is adequate. D) There is a complete lack of both oxygen and glucose reaching the myocardium.

A

Which statement by a patient undergoing polysomnography indicates that more teaching is needed? A) "An EEG is performed during the sleep study in order to detect any seizure activity." B) "An EMG is performed during the sleep study to record muscle tension and relaxation." C) "An EOG is performed during the sleep study to record eye movements." D) "A nasal thermistor is used during the sleep study to measure nasal air flow."

A

Which statement indicates that an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder understands its pattern of inheritance? A) A carrier will not express the trait. B) The trait will be expressed with one copy of the gene. C) The affected gene is on the sex chromosome. D) More females are affected than males

A

Which statement represents the epidemiology nurse's calculation of the incidence of asthma? A) There were 10 new cases of asthma diagnosed in adults ages 24 to 65 years in the past 12 months in Centerville. B) There were a total of 3,600 people with a diagnosis of diabetes in Centerville in 2015. C) There were 2 people diagnosed with Lyme disease in Centerville last year. D) There were 20 cases of opioid overdose in adults ages 18 to 24 years in Centerville.

A

The nurse in the health center on a college campus is talking to freshman students about the dangers of opioid use. Which response by a student indicates that more teaching is needed? A) "Opioid use disorder is associated with using other people's opioid prescriptions." B) "Opioid use disorder is associated with using illegally obtained heroin." C) "Opioid use for pain control can lead to addiction unless monitored by a doctor." D) "Opioids are always safe to use if they are prescribed by a doctor."

D

The nurse should expect to observe which behavior in a patient with posttraumatic stress disorder? A) Normal memory recall B) Hyporeflexia C) Euphoria D) Hypervigilance

D

The school nurse is teaching parents of school-age children ways to avoid transmitting disease. Which portal of entry is involved in spreading disease by direct entry? A) Ingesting infected food B) Inhaling droplets from an infected person C) Sharing needles D) Entering through a wound in the skin

D

When assessing a patient with sleep deprivation, the nurse would expect the patient to report: A) weight loss. B) reduced peripheral vision. C) slow speech. D) irritability.

D

When planning care, the nurse in a substance abuse clinic understands that the majority of people who abuse alcohol die from: A) cirrhosis. B) alcoholic hepatitis. C) hepatic encephalopathy. D) smoking-related diseases.

D

The public health nurse is assessing the social environment of a community. Which of the following would be included in this assessment? A) Convenience of public transportation B) Availability of health education C) Presence of sidewalks D) Accessibility to parks

B

When observing a patient with central sleep apnea during sleep, the nurse is most likely to observe: A) respiratory efforts seen during periods with no airflow. B) absence of respiratory efforts during periods of no airflow. C) paradoxical chest and abdomen movements during desaturation. D) absence of desaturation.

B

When teaching a patient about ways to prevent West Nile disease, the nurse should tell the patient to avoid which vector? A) Deer ticks B) Mosquitoes C) Cats D) Dogs

B

When the occupational health nurse reviews a manufacturing plant's policies regarding airborne health hazards in the workplace, which principle of industrial hygiene is most important? A) Mandating the use of a personal mask or respirator B) Reducing the quantities of particles released in the air C) Conducting training sessions on improving air quality D) Developing polices regarding reduction exposure to airborne particles

B

Which assessment data is a precipitating factor for insomnia? A) Frequent worrying B) Loss of a job C) Inadequate coping skills D) Hyperarousal

B

Which finding would the nurse expect in a patient with Salmonellosis? A) Recent ingestion of contaminated water B) Symptoms of gastroenteritis C) Symptoms lasting for 7 to 10 days D) Manifestations of systemic disease

B

Which laboratory value would the nurse expect in a patient with chronic stress and a reduced cell-mediated immune response to viral infection? A) Increased natural killer cell activity B) Reduced CD8+ activity C) Increased cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity D) Increased B lymphocyte (CD19+) activity

B

Which patients in a community clinic would the nurse recommend receive the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine? A) Women younger than 30 years of age B) Healthy men younger than 25 years of age C) Any male who has sex with men D) Children starting at 13 and 14 years of age

C

Which statement by a patient at a substance abuse clinic indicates that more teaching is needed about the use of replacement or substitute medication for treating substance abuse disorders? A) "The substitute drug will have effects similar to those of the abused drug." B) "The substitute drug will have a lower potential for abuse." C) "The substitute drug exchanges one addicting drug for another." D) "The substitute drug will allow me to take advantage of behavioral treatments."

C

Which statement would be most appropriate for the nurse to make to a patient newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer? A) "There is no need for genetic testing as you have already been diagnosed with colorectal cancer." B) "With genetic testing, family members will not need colonoscopies." C) "Genetic testing will help identify familial colorectal cancer syndromes." D) "Family members will be able to determine if they will get colon cancer."

C

A parent tells the nurse that her child woke up terrified, with eyes opened and cried out. The child did not recall the event in the morning. The nurse explains that this event is called: A) night terrors. B) somnambulism. C) enuresis. D) bruxism.

A

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Which statement will the nurse include when teaching the client about the condition? A) "You have a condition resulting from renal channelopathy." B) "You have an inflammatory condition affecting calcium transport in airway smooth muscle cells." C) "Your condition is the result of a defect in the chloride channel, resulting in increased sodium and water resorption." D) "Your condition is the result of acquired channelopathy caused by the immune system."

A

A nurse educator is providing review of material to staff nurses regarding the process of inflammation. Which statement by the nurse indicates an understanding of the material? Select all that apply. A) "Inflammation is a temporary cell-to-cell interaction,." B) "Inflammation requires the immune cells to talk to each other." C) "Inflammation occurs between closely knit cell pathways." D) "Inflammation is critical for the development of the body." E) "Inflammation regulates the behavior of cells."

A,B

A nurse is caring for a client with a 15% carboxyhemoglobin level. Which clinical manifestations will the nurse expect to find in the client? Select all that apply. A) Headache B) Exertional dyspnea C) Dizziness D) Confusion E) Tachycardia

A,B,C

A nurse is caring for a client with gangrene present on the client's leg. What is the nurse's understanding of the client's condition? Select all that apply. A) There are two types of gangrene: wet and dry. B) Gangrene describes a mass of necrotic tissue. C) The client has a form of coagulation necrosis. D) Gangrene is caused by cell injury culminating in apoptosis. E) The client has an active infection.

A,B,C

A nurse is performing an assessment on a client with acute ionizing radiation exposure. Which assessment findings does the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply. A) Nausea B) Fatigue C) Vomiting D) Constipation E) Hypercoagulability

A,B,C

A nurse is educating a client with cervical dysplasia diagnosed by Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. Which statement by the client requires further follow up by the nurse? A) "This condition may be reversible." B) "I have cervical cancer." C) "This is an abnormal condition." D) "My cervical cells have grown in a deranged manner."

B

A patient has been diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The nurse explains to the patient that idiopathic means: A) the disease is inherited. B) the cause is unknown. C) it was caused by an error in care. D) the disease is secondary to another illness.

B

A nurse is caring for an older adult client in a long-term care facility. What is the nurse's understanding of replicative senescence? A) It refers to the brain's ability to recall memories. B) It is the limitation of the number of times a cell can divide. C) It is the body's ability to repair cells damaged by reactive oxygen species (ROS). D) It is caused by decreased caloric intake.

B

A nurse working on a busy medical unit has noticed an increase in the incidence of pressure ulcers in the patient population. Which action demonstrates the principles of evidence-based practice (EBP)? A) Reviewing the literature for current best evidence pressure ulcer prevention B) Reviewing the literature for informational articles on best methods to prevent pressure ulcers C) Reviewing hospital policy and procedures to make sure they are being followed correctly D) Reviewing patient charts to audit nursing interventions to prevent pressure ulcers

A

A woman with type 1 diabetes is being seen for her first prenatal examination. Which information should the nurse include in the woman's care plan? A) Teaching the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia B) Explaining the fetal risk of microsomia C) Discussing symptoms of placental abruption to report D) Reinforcing that there will be no risk to the fetus

A

In formulating a plan of care for an obese woman who is trying to conceive, the nurse should include which information? A) It is preferred that weight loss occur prior to becoming pregnant. B) It is safe to pursue weight loss during pregnancy. C) Weight loss should not be pursued until after delivery of the baby. D) Obesity will have no effect on the fetus or newborn.

A

The community health nurse is planning a program for a local health fair on genetics and health, using Healthy People 2020 goals. Which concepts should guide the nurse's planning for the program? A) People should know their family health history. B) All people should have genetic testing done. C) Genetic testing determines what diseases a person will develop. D) All diseases have a genetic basis.

A

The nurse explains to a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia that the therapeutic action of Gleevec (Imatinib) is to: A) bind directly DNA or RNA to block the aberrant cancer-causing gene product. B) silence genes that are implicated in causing the growth of cancer causing cells. C) selectively increase transcription levels of certain genes. D) promote the replication of healthy genetic material.

A

The nurse explains to the parents of a child with Prader-Willi syndrome that this disease is caused by: A) genetic imprinting. B) mosaicism. C) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). D) missense mutation.

A

The nurse explains to the parents of an obese child with congenital leptin deficiency that treatment includes: A) subcutaneous injections of recombinant leptin. B) oral doses of recombinant leptin. C) subcutaneous long-acting insulin. D) oral hypoglycemic agents.

A

The nurse in the student health center is counseling a college student who reports high levels of stress before each exam, causing his heart to race and affecting his ability to concentrate. The nurse assesses that this student is in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome during an exam? A) Stage of alarm B) Stage of resistance C) Stage of exhaustion D) Stage of resolution

A

The nurse involved in genomics engages in which of the following activities? A) Studying the entire genome. B) Studying individual genes. C) Studying mutations. D) Studying chemicals that instruct the genome.

A

The nurse is assessing a patient who was recently divorced and is now living in a temporary shelter after losing her home in a hurricane. Which finding indicates that the patient is experiencing allostatic load? A) The patient is in a state of exhaustion. B) The patient is using available resources to respond to stress. C) The patient is making healthy lifestyle choices. D) The patient is in an internal state of balance.

A

The nurse is documenting the assessment findings from a patient being seen in the clinic. Which of the following does the nurse document as a subjective finding? A) Nausea B) Breath sounds C) Fever D) Skin color

A

The nurse is teaching a community class on risk factors for heart disease. Which fact should be included about the effects of stress on the heart? A) Hostility and anxiety are risk factors for heart disease. B) Psychosocial stress has a protective effect on the heart. C) A positive emotional state is a risk factor for heart disease. D) Psychosocial stress is not a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction.

A

What is the best response by the nurse when the obese mother of an obese child asks if she passed on the gene for obesity to her child? A) "Obesity is due to multiple factors, including heredity." B) "Obesity is only due to behavioral factors." C) "Only Environmental factors cause obesity." D) "Only Lifestyle factors cause obesity."

A

When describing the state of homeostasis to nursing students, the nurse explains that: A) it is a state of internal stability. B) it is a state of positive feedback. C) it is a state of flux and change. D) it is a state the drives the body away from its resting or set point.

A

When planning care for a trauma patient, which statement does the nurse understand best describes the body's response to stress? A) The stress response is the result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. B) The stress response boosts the adaptive immune response. C) The stress response suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. D) The stress response has a negative effect on the endogenous opioid pathway.

A

When reviewing the medical history of a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS), the nurse is most likely to observe which of the following? A) Elevated IL-12 B) Decreased interferon gamma C) Elevated IL-10 D) Decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha

A

When taking a health history from a client with increased visceral fat as determined by waist size, the nurse would also expect to find an increased possibility of which of the following conditions? A) Type 2 diabetes B) Hyperthyroidism C) Chronic renal disease D) Hypotension

A

When teaching a patient about risk factors for heart disease, the nurse should explain that: A) the presence of a risk factor increases the chance of developing heart disease. B) the presence of a risk factor lowers the risk of developing heart disease. C) the presence of a risk factor determines that heart disease will develop. D) the absence of a risk factor excludes the possibility that heart disease will develop.

A

When the nurse teaches parents how transmitting the sickle cell trait to offspring influences the development of sickle cell disease, the nurse is applying principles of: A) genomics. B) genetics. C) epigenomics. D) gene.

A

Which information should the nurse include in a teaching plan about cortisol for a patient who is HIV-positive? A) Chronically high levels of cortisol accelerate immune decline. B) Cortisol levels that are lowest in the morning boost the immune response. C) A flattened cortisol circadian pattern indicates a healthy immune system. D) Low cortisol levels are associated with the development of AIDS.

A

In evaluating the effectiveness of lorcaserin for a client with obesity, the nurse should expect the client to report: A) increased hunger. B) a decreased consumption of food. C) an increased sense of well-being. D) reduced satiety.

B

The nurse is planning an education program on nutrition and weight management following the Healthy People 2020guidelines. Which of the following would be an appropriate primary objective for the nurse to use in planning this program? A) Increase the number of countries with nutrition standards for foods and beverages provided to preschool-age children in child care. B) Increase the proportion of schools that offer nutritious foods and beverages outside school meals. C) Increase the number of federal policies that incentivize food retail outlets to provide foods that are encouraged by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. D) Increase the proportion of people globally who have access to a food retail outlet that sells a variety of foods that are encouraged by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

B

The nurse is reviewing literature to determine the death rate due to cardiovascular disease in the United States. The nurse understands that the information he is seeking indicates: A) morbidity. B) mortality. C) disability-adjusted life-years. D) prevalence.

B

The nurse is teaching an obese client about dietary changes to achieve weight loss. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the client understands the dietary instructions? A) "I will eat an unlimited amount of fruits and vegetables." B) "I will limit my intake of fat and follow recommendations for daily calorie intake." C) "I will eat only protein." D) "I will avoid antioxidants."

B

The plan of care for a woman newly diagnosed with a BRCA1 mutation should include which strategy? A) Preoperative planning for immediate prophylactic double mastectomies B) A recommendation for enhanced screening for breast and ovarian cancer C) Reassurance that male offspring with BRCA1 do not develop breast cancer D) Reassurance that the BRCA1 gene protects against ovarian cancer

B

The public health nurse is planning health programs using the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Which objective would be included to address the objective of reducing toxic substances and hazardous wastes? A) Encouraging use of mass transit B) Reducing lead blood levels in children C) Increasing the number of days when beaches are open and safe D) Reducing indoor mouse and cockroach allergens

B

Which concept of stress should the nurse apply when planning care for the patient with inflammatory bowel disease? A) Stress may cause increased gastric emptying time. B) Stress may increase catecholamine production. C) Stress may reduce sympathetic responsiveness. D) Stress exacerbates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response.

B

Which manifestations is the nurse likely to assess in a patient with stimulating effects of acute stress? A) Dry skin, reduced respiratory rate B) Increased blood glucose levels, pupil dilation C) Hypotension, reduced visual perception D) Decreased urine production, hypoglycemia

B

Which of the following concepts should guide a nurse's plan of care for a pregnant woman who has just lost her home due to a forest fire? A) The symptoms of acute stress disorder (ASD) develop more than one month after the traumatic event B) Pathologic stress responses can affect the encoding and retrieval of memories C) The release of dopamine in the medulla oblongata contributes to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) D) Elevated stress levels during pregnancy are not associated with adverse fetal outcomes.

B

While taking a family history and drawing a genetic pedigree, the nurse explains to the patient that: A) individuals in the same generation are arranged vertically. B) offspring are in the row below the parents. C) individuals who have had children together are connected by a vertical line. D) circles represent males.

B

While teaching a prenatal class, a participant asks about the effects of stress on the fetus. Which response should the nurse make? A) "The placenta protects the baby from maternal stress." B) "High levels of stress can lead to preterm birth." C) "Heightened stress can lead to a higher fetal birth weight." D) "The baby is not affected by maternal stress."

B

How should the nurse respond when a patient asks the difference between acute and chronic hip pain? A) "An acute illness develops over a longer period of time than a chronic one." B) "A chronic illness is more serious than an acute illness." C) "A chronic illness is enduring while an acute illness is short term." D) "A chronic illness is life threatening while an acute illness is not."

C

In developing a plan for teaching community health nurses about the role of the nurse in epidemiology, the epidemiology nurse should include: A) diagnosing the cause of a disease. B) treating the disease. C) evaluating therapeutic measures. D) reducing risk factors for disease.

C

The nurse explains to a patient undergoing karyotyping that this test will: A) examine nucleotide changes in a gene. B) detect small deletions or structural abnormalities of the chromosomes and DNA. C) examine the visual appearance of chromosome structure and number. D) detect single gene mutations.

C

The nurse is explaining the inheritance of Huntington disease to a newly diagnosed patient whose partner does not have the gene mutation. Which statement should the nurse make regarding family planning? A) There is a 0% chance with each pregnancy that the child will inherit the gene for Huntington disease. B) There is a 25% chance with each pregnancy that the child will inherit the gene for Huntington disease. C) There is a 50% chance with each pregnancy that the child will inherit the gene for Huntington disease. D) There is a 100% chance with each pregnancy that the child will inherit the gene for Huntington disease.

C

The nurse recommends the influenza vaccination to a 72-year-old woman who is the primary caregiver of her elderly mother who has Alzheimer's disease. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this vaccine? A) The vaccine is not needed because chronic stress boosts the immune response. B) Older adult caregivers have an accentuated immune response to influenza vaccine. C) Chronic stress may blunt the efficacy of the influenza vaccine in older adults. D) The effects of chronic stress on the immune system improve immediately when the stress is removed.

C

Using a transactional approach to stress, the nurse recognizes that a person's response to stress depends on: A) the nature of the environmental threat that requires a response. B) a physiological response to stress C) the person's perceived meaning of the stressful event. D) the fight-or-flight response.

C

What activities are performed by the public health nurse engaged in the process surveillance? A) Providing direct care to patients in a clinic B) Administering vaccinations in an elementary school C) Collecting data from occupational health records D) Providing community education on dangers of lead poisoning in children

C

When counseling parents about genetic transmission of an X-linked disorder, which concept does the nurse keep in mind? A) A male can pass an X-linked mutation to a son or a daughter. B) A female can only pass an X-liked disorder to a son. C) A male with a mutation in an X-linked gene will manifest the disease. D) An X-linked disorder can be traced through the paternal lineage.

C

Which information about risk factors should the school nurse use when developing a program to reduce modifiable risk factors in high school students? A) Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder. B) Heart disease develops at an earlier age in men. C) Many high school students do not get enough physical activity. D) Certain ethnic variables increase the risk for chronic disease.

C

Which manifestation would the nurse expect to find in a child with Down syndrome? A) Downward slanting eyes with an epicanthal fold. B) A prominent brow and nose C) Wide, short hands and fingers D) Increased muscle tone and lack of flexibility

C

Which manifestation would the nurse expect to find in a client with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? A) Ventricular hypertrophy B) Splenomegaly C) Hepatomegaly D) Hydronephrosis

C

Which of the following statements describes the role of a nurse involved in epidemiology? A) The nurse studies an individual's risk for disease. B) The nurse provides care to individuals with certain diseases. C) The nurse studies the distribution of disease in a population. D) The nurse provides care to a population.

C

The occupational health nurse is assessing a manufacturing plant for chemical agents that may cause disease in the employees. The nurse should be alert for: A) stress levels. B) helminths. C) radiation. D) lead.

D

The public health nurse is preparing community programming on obesity following the Healthy People 2020 guidelines. Which of the following would the nurse include? A) Increase the consumption of calories from fats in those 2 years old and older. B) Reduce iron intake in pregnant females. C) Reduce consumption of whole grains in those 2 years and older. D) Eliminate food insecurity in children.

D

When developing a care plan to teach a patient with hypertension about sodium intake, the nurse should include limiting sodium intake to: A) 2,300-2,500 mg/day. B) 2,000-2,300 mg/day. C) 1,500-2,000 mg/day. D) less than 1,500 mg/day.

D

When planning for a community education program on injury prevention, what statistic should the nurse keep in mind? A) Homicide is the leading cause of death for people ages 15 to 34 years B) Suicide is the leading cause of death for people ages 10 to 35 years C) Motor vehicle accidents are the fourth-leading cause of death for people in all age groups D) Unintentional injuries is the leading cause of death for people ages 1 to 44 years

D

When teaching a genetics class to nursing students in a baccalaureate nursing program, the nurse educator explains that the International HapMap Project: A) studies genomic elements to determine commonalities in the human genome. B) explores the genetic basis for diseases around the world. C) studies the human genome within a population. D) analyzes genetic elements to determine what makes people different from one another.

D

Which concept does the nurse use when explaining the inheritance of genetic disorders to a couple beginning to think about starting a family? A) Humans have 46 pairs of chromosomes. B) Egg and sperm cells each have 23 pairs of chromosomes. C) Males have two X chromosomes. D) A person inherits one chromosome from a chromosome pair from each parent.

D

Which response by a patient indicates an understanding of the effects of stress on her asthma? A) "Stress decreases my rate of breathing and makes my breathing easier." B) "Stress decreases the amount of oxygen I need and helps my breathing." C) "Stress dilates my airways, allowing me to get more oxygen." D) "Stress causes inflammation of the airways which can trigger asthma attacks."

D

Which statement by a patient indicates an understanding of why phenotypic variations in disease occur? A) "Disease presentation is the same in all people with the same genetic mutations." B) "Disease presentation only relies on lifestyle choices." C) "Disease presentation is only due to environmental influences." D) "Disease presentation usually depends on multiple genes, environment, and lifestyle."

D

Which statement by a patient would the nurse not expect to find with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of a motor vehicle accident? A) "I keep seeing the accident in my dreams." B) "I find that I am avoiding riding in cars." C) "I startle easily with loud noises." D) "I find myself emotionally expressive."

D

Which statement indicates that a pregnant woman requires more teaching about prenatal screening? A) "Screening tests assess a woman's risk of having a baby with chromosome problems." B) "Amniocentesis obtains fetal cells to assess chromosome number and structure." C) "Chorionic villus sampling can diagnose chromosome problems." D) "Screening tests can diagnose all chromosome abnormalities."

D