patio 15 & 16
Which client on the nurse's team will be given priority for cardiac monitoring based on medical history?
Adolescent client resuscitated following drowning in a swimming pool that required CPR at the scene
Which immunoglobulin is the first circulating immunoglobulin to appear in response to an antigen and is the first antibody type made by a newborn?
IgM
Select the phases that make up the reaction of the complement system.
Initial activation, amplification of inflammation, membrane attack response
The lymph system correlates with the vascular system without actually being a part of the vascular system. Among other things, the lymph system is the main route for the absorption of fats from the gastrointestinal system. The lymph system empties into the right and left thoracic ducts, which are the points of juncture with the vascular system. What are these points of juncture? You Selected:
Junctions of the subclavian and internal jugular veins
An obstetrics nurse is counseling an expectant mother. The mother is concerned about letting people hold her baby once the baby is born, fearing that the infant will get sick. What should the nurse explain to the mother?
Maternal immunoglobulins cross the placenta and protect the newborn early in life.
A nurse notes that the PR interval on a client's electrocardiogram tracing is 0.22 seconds. Which action should the nurse take?
Monitor the client and document the findings. Explanation: Reference:
Which type of immunity is achieved by an infant from its mother through antibodies transferred in utero or in breast milk?
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system during stress or exercise causes local constriction because of the release of which hormone? You Selected:
Norepinephrine
The pericardium is a tri-layer sac. Which layer prevents acute dilation of the heart chambers and exerts a restraining effect on the left ventricle?
Outer fibrous layer
A nurse is monitoring the electrocardiogram (ECG) of a client with a recent right ventricular infarction. The ECG reveals a first-degree arterioventricular (AV) block, which is characterized by: You Selected:
PR interval >0.20 seconds
The cardiologist just informed a client that he has a reentry circuit in the electrical conduction system in his heart. This dysrhythmia is called Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. After the physician has left the room, the client asks the nurse to explain this. Which statement most accurately describes what is happening?
"There is an extra, abnormal electrical pathway in the heart that leads to impulses traveling around the heart very quickly, in a circular pattern, causing the heart to beat too fast." Explanation:
A nurse is planning to teach a parent group about the spread of infection, the importance of vaccines, and active immunity. Which statements should be included in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.
-Active immunity can be acquired through the process of vaccination or from environmental exposure to an antigen. -Active immunity allows the host's own immune system to develop an immunologic response. -Active immunity is long-lasting and can improve on repeated exposures to an antigen.
A client is admitted to the hospital with severe bradycardia, heart rate in low to upper 40s, after contracting Lyme disease. She asks the nurse why the heart rate is so slow. The most accurate response would be a possible disassociation between the atria and ventricles due to: You Selected:
AV nodal block Explanation:
A 30-year-old male knows that he contracted HIV a month ago. Place the following steps in the order of the progression of the disease, starting with what he could expect first if he does not receive treatment.
-There is a rapid increase in viral replication, which leads to very high viral loads. -Viral symptoms such as fatigue, lymphadenopathy, headaches, and gastrointestinal disturbances and the CD4+ T-cell count begins to fall. -There is a period (up to 10 years) of being symptom-free as CD4+ T cells decrease. -CD4+ T-cell count is 200 cells/μL, confirming the diagnosis of AIDS. -The risk of opportunist infection is highest. -Death
The linear velocity of blood flow in the circulatory system varies widely. What is the linear velocity in the aorta?
30 to 35 cm/second
The nurse is assessing a client said to be in sinus rhythm. What does the nurse expect to find when evaluating the electrocardiogram? Select all that apply. You Selected:
A "P" before every QRS wave A rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute Constant R to R intervals Explanation:
The circulatory system can be divided into two parts. What does the systemic circulation include? Select all that apply. You Selected:
Aorta Capillaries
Which statements are true regarding humoral immunity? Select all that apply. You Selected:
B lymphocytes (B cells) are vital to the functioning of this type of immunity. Two types of responses (primary and secondary) occur. The memory response occurs on subsequent exposures to the antigen. Explanation:
Which blood vessels function without the benefit of having walls comprised of three muscular layers?
Capillaries
Select the correct sequence of blood return to the heart.
Capillaries, venules, veins, right atrium
The heart valves control the direction of blood flow. What is the function of the pulmonic valve? You Selected:
Controls the direction of blood flow from the right side of the heart to the lungs
Which of the types of T cells is responsible for destroying pathogens by punching holes in their cell membrane and by secreting cytokines/lymphokines?
Cytotoxic T cells
A client is admitted to the emergency department after experiencing a motor vehicle accident and sustaining multiple injuries with significant blood loss. The nurse predicts that the client will display which of the following?
Decreased urinary output
Select the statement that best describes the effectiveness of vaccination in the older adult population.
Experimental evidence suggests that vaccination is less successful in inducing immunization in older persons than in younger adults. Explanation:
A lactation nurse visits a new mother after delivery of her first child and encourages the mother to breast-feed her infant, even for a short time. Which statement made by the nurse correctly explains the importance of breast-feeding?
For several months, colostrum will provide the infant with passive immunity to diseases to which the mother has immunity.
A lactation nurse visits a new mother after delivery of her first child and encourages the mother to breast-feed her infant, even for a short time. Which statement made by the nurse correctly explains the importance of breast-feeding? You Selected:
For several months, colostrum will provide the infant with passive immunity to diseases to which the mother has immunity.
A client diagnosed with sepsis has a critically low neutrophil count. The nurse expects which drug or drug class to be used to stimulate white blood cell production?
Granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) such as filgrastim Explanation:
A client with end-stage kidney disease is receiving a kidney donated by a family member. When caring for this client, what does the nurse know is the major target involved in organ transplant rejection?
Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs)
Which factor represents the amount of blood that the heart must pump with each beat and is determined by the stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers and the actions of the heart prior to cardiac contraction?
Preload
A nurse is caring for a client with right heart failure caused by pulmonary hypertension. Which hemodynamic parameter is most appropriate for the nurse to monitor
Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) Explanation: Reference:
The nurse is reviewing the anatomy and physiology of the heart. What is the function of the right atrium?
Receives blood returning to the heart from the systemic circulation
A client has been inhaling viruses periodically while on a cross-country flight. Which situation listed below would most likely result in the stimulation of the client's T lymphocytes and adaptive immune system? You Selected:
Recognition of a foreign peptide bound to a self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule Explanation:
Which type of immunity provides a defense against intracellular microbes such as viruses?
T lymphocytes
There are many cells that make up the passive and adaptive immune systems. Which cells are responsible for the specificity and memory of adaptive immunity? Select all that apply. You Selected:
T lymphocytes B lymphocytes
A client was tested for HIV and received a positive result from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) followed by a negative Western blot test. The client asks the nurse what this means. What is the nurse's best response?
The ELISA test gives some false positives, but the Western blot confirms you don't have HIV." Explanation:
As part of preoperative teaching for clients who are about to undergo a coronary artery bypass graft, a nurse is performing an education session with a group of surgical candidates. Which teaching point best conveys an aspect of the human circulatory system?
The blood pressure varies widely between arteries and veins, and between pulmonary and systemic circulation."
The circulatory system is a closed system that is divided into two parts. Which statement is correct about the closed system?
The low pressure pulmonary circulation links circulation and gas exchange in the lungs.
Stem cells in the bone marrow produce T lymphocytes or T cells and release them into the vascular system. The T cells then migrate where to mature?
Thymus
The troponin complex is one of a number of important proteins that regulate actin-myosin binding. Troponin works in striated muscle to help regulate calcium-mediated contraction of the muscle. Which of the troponin complexes is diagnostic of a myocardial infarction? You Selected:
Troponin T and troponin I
Which dysrhythmia is considered to be the most fatal and requires immediate treatment? You Selected:
Ventricular fibrillation
A group of nursing students is discussing ventricular dysrhythmias and one student is unsure why a client with frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) has an irregular radial pulse. One of the other students explains that premature ventricular complexes often do not produce a palpable pulse due to:
decreased ventricular filling time. Explanation:
In the ICU, the nurse hears an emergency cardiac monitor go off. The nurse looks at the telemetry and notices the client has gone into ventricular tachycardia. The nurse will likely assess for signs/symptoms of:
decreasing cardiac output due to less ventricular filling time.
