pbs eoc study guide

Fill in the blanks: After a meal, glucose levels increase in the blood causing the (1)__________ gland to release (2)____________ hormone which targets all cells to uptake (3)___________ from the blood.

(1)pituitary, (2) insulin, (3) glucose

Which of the following best illustrates the increasing levels of complexity? (1) Cells; (2) Organs; (3) Organelles; (4) Organism; (5)Tissues; (6)Organ systems

3, 1, 5, 2, 6, 4

The heart is made of muscle and has ___________ chambers.

4

Normal blood sugar levels are in the range of ________________.

75-125mg/dL

A person is found dead by a neighbor. What career is involved in notifying the police and calling an ambulance?

911 operator

A blood pressure reading of 120/80 indicates

A systolic pressure of 120

Which of the following statements is NOT true for an A1c Test?

A1c tests should be performed daily by the diabetic patient.

Which of the following scenarios would NOT be allowed according to HIPAA Privacy Rules?

After a tornado disaster, the medical facility notifies the media on the condition of the mayor's daughter, who was a victim.

Which of the following situations would not be allowed according to the HIPAA Privacy Rules?

After a tornando disaster, the medical facility notifies the media on the conditionnof the mayor's daughter, who was a victim.

Which of the following refers to the disorder when a person has too few red blood cells?

Anemia

The blood from the left ventricle travels through the __________valve and then to the ____________.

Aortic, aorta

You have a big race coming up in a few weeks. As you prepare, you are really training hard and need a lot of energy. The best thing for you to eat during this training session is protein and ________________.

Carbs

Which body system is most closely associated with transport and delivery?

Cardiovascular

Chromosomes are made of ___ and are found in the ___ of cells.

DNA/nucleus

In the pulmonary arteries, the blood is

Deoxygenated and going away to the lungs

What person is responsible for providing short-term care for people being transported to the hospital?

EMT

Which of the following is a function of a white blood cell?

Fight infection

The hormone released by the pancreas that raises blood sugar levels when they are too low is

Glucagon

Which of the following is an acceptable level for HDL in your blood?

Greater than 60 mg/dL

In sickle cell anemia, one base pair has mutated. As a result, the amino acid________ has been replaced with ________________.

Guanine, valine

What structure on the red blood cell carries oxygen?

Hemoglobin

A young man has a problem with the insulin receptors on his cell. They are no longer functioning properly; therefore insulin cannot bind to the receptor. This will lead to

Increase blood sugar

What is the action of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)?

It causes blockage in blood vessels

Hydrophobicity is important to an amino acids because ____________.

It determines the shape of the protein

What is the action of High-density lipoproteins (HDL)?

It keeps cholesterol from building up in blood vessels.

What is the action of High-density lipoproteins (HDL)?

It keeps cholesterol from building up in the arteries.

Why do scientists load DNA of known sizes into the agarose gel?

It makes it easier to determine sizes of unknowns using comparison techniques.

Which of the following positions is typically filled by that of a physician?

Medical Examiner

The insulin/glucose feedback loop is an example of

Negative Feedback

Scientists are able to produce millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence from a small amount of DNA through

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Injured tissue releases chemical signals that activate platelets in the blood. An activated platelet releases more chemicals to activate more platelets, causing a rapid cascade and the formation of a blood clot. This is an example of ________________.

Positive feedback

When running a gel electrophoresis, DNA will migrate towards the ________ end because DNA has a __________________ charge.

Positive, negative

Diastole measures

Pressure during Ventricle relaxation

DNA is cut at specific nucleotide sequences by

Restriction enzymes

A person whose blood pressure is 135/90 and has a heart rate of 140 has probably just done which of the following?

Run 2 miles

Which body system is most closely associated with the support and protection of the body organs?

Skeletal

Gel electrophoresis is used to separate fragments of DNA. The larger pieces of DNA will travel ______________ through the gel.

Slower than the smaller fragments

The patient mentioned above has

Type 2 Diabetes

What system's main role is waste removal?

Urinary

A diet that helps keep blood cholesterol levels in check includes:

Vegetables, fruits, lean meat

The _______________ is the person who has been harmed by a crime.

Victim

What is an important reason to document the source of information we use?

We give credit to those whose ideas we borrowed.

A person with the FH mutation has

all of the above

What does the p wave in an EKG represent?

atrial contraction

An examination of the body after death that includes a dissection of vital organs to determine the cause of death is a (an)

autopsy

What is the function of platelets?

blood clotting

The energy we obtain from our food comes from __________________.

breaking the bonds that hold the atoms in food particles together

The energy we get from food is measured in ___________.

calories

What effect on the body does a lack of insulin have?

cells can't uptake glucose water will leave the cells the body can't produce ATP

The levels of organization in the body include

cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Time of death can be determined by measuring

core body temperature

The nervous system communicates using ____________ signals, while the endocrine communicates using __________ signals.

electrical, hormonal

A physician who works with patients having hormone imbalances is called a (an)

endocrinologist

What is the primary purpose of an autopsy?

examine the dead body, determine the contributing factors to the cause of death

The disease that is caused to due a single mutation in the LDL receptor and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait is ______.

familial hypercholesterolemia

Which of the following is NOT a common bacterial shape:

filamentous

Which of the following foods would have the both fat and protein?

hamburger patty

Cholesterol is ____ and _____ in our bloodstream.

hydrophobic, cannot dissolve

A diabetic passes out at a party you are attending. You know that she had exercised earlier in the day and hadn't eaten since. She is most likely experiencing

hypoglycemia

What characteristic separates DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis?

length of fragment

A new type of bacteria invades a human body for the first time. Which component of the immune system is most likely to attack the bacteria first?

macrophages

It's been awhile since your last meal and your blood sugar is low. This causes a release of glucagon. Glucagon mobilizes the glucose that has been stored in your liver and muscles. This release of stored glucose (glycogen) causes your blood sugar levels to rise. This an example of____.

negative feedback

You eat at chips and salsa at Posados. All that salt causes your cells to lose water through osmosis. Your hypothalamus senses that your cells are shrinking and sends a message to the pituitary to release antidiuretic hormone. ADH sends a message to the kidneys to stop releasing water in the urine. You also start to feel thirsty. The result is that your cell's water level increases back to normal. This is an example of

negative feedback

The left atria and ventricle of the heart contain _________ blood and the right atria and ventricle contain __________ blood.

oxygenated, deoxygenated

While performing a gram stain, gram positive bacteria should look which color after washing with ethanol

purple

Sickle cell anemia causes an abnormal shape of the _____________________.

red blood cell

If every human's DNA is made of the same four nucleotide bases, then the reason we have differences is

the order (sequence) of nucleotides.

Proteins are produced through the process of ________________ followed by ______________.

transcription, translation

A young patient has an increased thirst and is very fatigued (no energy). The doctors tell the patient that their pancreas is not functioning properly. This patient most likely has

type I diabetes

The structures of the heart responsible for preventing blood from flowing in the wrong direction.

valves

Factors that seem to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes include

weight, lifestyle and heredity

A doctor calls a patient at home to give her the results of a cancer screening. The patient's brother is staying with the family for the week and answers the phone. The doctor gives him the test results to pass on to the patient. Is this a violation of HIPAA?

yes