pbs eoc study guide
Fill in the blanks: After a meal, glucose levels increase in the blood causing the (1)__________ gland to release (2)____________ hormone which targets all cells to uptake (3)___________ from the blood.
(1)pituitary, (2) insulin, (3) glucose
Which of the following best illustrates the increasing levels of complexity? (1) Cells; (2) Organs; (3) Organelles; (4) Organism; (5)Tissues; (6)Organ systems
3, 1, 5, 2, 6, 4
The heart is made of muscle and has ___________ chambers.
4
Normal blood sugar levels are in the range of ________________.
75-125mg/dL
A person is found dead by a neighbor. What career is involved in notifying the police and calling an ambulance?
911 operator
A blood pressure reading of 120/80 indicates
A systolic pressure of 120
Which of the following statements is NOT true for an A1c Test?
A1c tests should be performed daily by the diabetic patient.
Which of the following scenarios would NOT be allowed according to HIPAA Privacy Rules?
After a tornado disaster, the medical facility notifies the media on the condition of the mayor's daughter, who was a victim.
Which of the following situations would not be allowed according to the HIPAA Privacy Rules?
After a tornando disaster, the medical facility notifies the media on the conditionnof the mayor's daughter, who was a victim.
Which of the following refers to the disorder when a person has too few red blood cells?
Anemia
The blood from the left ventricle travels through the __________valve and then to the ____________.
Aortic, aorta
You have a big race coming up in a few weeks. As you prepare, you are really training hard and need a lot of energy. The best thing for you to eat during this training session is protein and ________________.
Carbs
Which body system is most closely associated with transport and delivery?
Cardiovascular
Chromosomes are made of ___ and are found in the ___ of cells.
DNA/nucleus
In the pulmonary arteries, the blood is
Deoxygenated and going away to the lungs
What person is responsible for providing short-term care for people being transported to the hospital?
EMT
Which of the following is a function of a white blood cell?
Fight infection
The hormone released by the pancreas that raises blood sugar levels when they are too low is
Glucagon
Which of the following is an acceptable level for HDL in your blood?
Greater than 60 mg/dL
In sickle cell anemia, one base pair has mutated. As a result, the amino acid________ has been replaced with ________________.
Guanine, valine
What structure on the red blood cell carries oxygen?
Hemoglobin
A young man has a problem with the insulin receptors on his cell. They are no longer functioning properly; therefore insulin cannot bind to the receptor. This will lead to
Increase blood sugar
What is the action of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)?
It causes blockage in blood vessels
Hydrophobicity is important to an amino acids because ____________.
It determines the shape of the protein
What is the action of High-density lipoproteins (HDL)?
It keeps cholesterol from building up in blood vessels.
What is the action of High-density lipoproteins (HDL)?
It keeps cholesterol from building up in the arteries.
Why do scientists load DNA of known sizes into the agarose gel?
It makes it easier to determine sizes of unknowns using comparison techniques.
Which of the following positions is typically filled by that of a physician?
Medical Examiner
The insulin/glucose feedback loop is an example of
Negative Feedback
Scientists are able to produce millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence from a small amount of DNA through
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Injured tissue releases chemical signals that activate platelets in the blood. An activated platelet releases more chemicals to activate more platelets, causing a rapid cascade and the formation of a blood clot. This is an example of ________________.
Positive feedback
When running a gel electrophoresis, DNA will migrate towards the ________ end because DNA has a __________________ charge.
Positive, negative
Diastole measures
Pressure during Ventricle relaxation
DNA is cut at specific nucleotide sequences by
Restriction enzymes
A person whose blood pressure is 135/90 and has a heart rate of 140 has probably just done which of the following?
Run 2 miles
Which body system is most closely associated with the support and protection of the body organs?
Skeletal
Gel electrophoresis is used to separate fragments of DNA. The larger pieces of DNA will travel ______________ through the gel.
Slower than the smaller fragments
The patient mentioned above has
Type 2 Diabetes
What system's main role is waste removal?
Urinary
A diet that helps keep blood cholesterol levels in check includes:
Vegetables, fruits, lean meat
The _______________ is the person who has been harmed by a crime.
Victim
What is an important reason to document the source of information we use?
We give credit to those whose ideas we borrowed.
A person with the FH mutation has
all of the above
What does the p wave in an EKG represent?
atrial contraction
An examination of the body after death that includes a dissection of vital organs to determine the cause of death is a (an)
autopsy
What is the function of platelets?
blood clotting
The energy we obtain from our food comes from __________________.
breaking the bonds that hold the atoms in food particles together
The energy we get from food is measured in ___________.
calories
What effect on the body does a lack of insulin have?
cells can't uptake glucose water will leave the cells the body can't produce ATP
The levels of organization in the body include
cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Time of death can be determined by measuring
core body temperature
The nervous system communicates using ____________ signals, while the endocrine communicates using __________ signals.
electrical, hormonal
A physician who works with patients having hormone imbalances is called a (an)
endocrinologist
What is the primary purpose of an autopsy?
examine the dead body, determine the contributing factors to the cause of death
The disease that is caused to due a single mutation in the LDL receptor and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait is ______.
familial hypercholesterolemia
Which of the following is NOT a common bacterial shape:
filamentous
Which of the following foods would have the both fat and protein?
hamburger patty
Cholesterol is ____ and _____ in our bloodstream.
hydrophobic, cannot dissolve
A diabetic passes out at a party you are attending. You know that she had exercised earlier in the day and hadn't eaten since. She is most likely experiencing
hypoglycemia
What characteristic separates DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis?
length of fragment
A new type of bacteria invades a human body for the first time. Which component of the immune system is most likely to attack the bacteria first?
macrophages
It's been awhile since your last meal and your blood sugar is low. This causes a release of glucagon. Glucagon mobilizes the glucose that has been stored in your liver and muscles. This release of stored glucose (glycogen) causes your blood sugar levels to rise. This an example of____.
negative feedback
You eat at chips and salsa at Posados. All that salt causes your cells to lose water through osmosis. Your hypothalamus senses that your cells are shrinking and sends a message to the pituitary to release antidiuretic hormone. ADH sends a message to the kidneys to stop releasing water in the urine. You also start to feel thirsty. The result is that your cell's water level increases back to normal. This is an example of
negative feedback
The left atria and ventricle of the heart contain _________ blood and the right atria and ventricle contain __________ blood.
oxygenated, deoxygenated
While performing a gram stain, gram positive bacteria should look which color after washing with ethanol
purple
Sickle cell anemia causes an abnormal shape of the _____________________.
red blood cell
If every human's DNA is made of the same four nucleotide bases, then the reason we have differences is
the order (sequence) of nucleotides.
Proteins are produced through the process of ________________ followed by ______________.
transcription, translation
A young patient has an increased thirst and is very fatigued (no energy). The doctors tell the patient that their pancreas is not functioning properly. This patient most likely has
type I diabetes
The structures of the heart responsible for preventing blood from flowing in the wrong direction.
valves
Factors that seem to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes include
weight, lifestyle and heredity
A doctor calls a patient at home to give her the results of a cancer screening. The patient's brother is staying with the family for the week and answers the phone. The doctor gives him the test results to pass on to the patient. Is this a violation of HIPAA?
yes