Pediatric Success Growth and Development 1

17. A 12-month-old boy weighed 8 lb 2 oz at birth. Understanding developmental mile- stones, what should the nurse caring for the child expect the current weight to be? 1. 16lb4oz 2. 20lb5oz 3. 24lb6oz 4. 32lb8oz

3. 24lb6oz Children should triple their birth weight by 12 months of age.

27. Which nursing action would help foster a hospitalized 3-year-old's sense of autonomy? 1. Let the child choose what time to take the oral antibiotics. 2. Allow the child to have a doll for medical play. 3. Allow the child to administer her own dose of Keflex (cephalexin) via oral syringe. 4. Let the child watch age-appropriate videos.

3. Allow the child to administer her own dose of Keflex (cephalexin) via oral syringe. Allowing preschoolers to participate in actions of which they are capable is an excellent way to enhance their autonomy.

23. Which should the nurse do to prevent separation anxiety in a hospitalized toddler? 1. Assume the parental role when parents are not able to be at the bedside. 2. Encourage the parents to always remain at the bedside. 3. Establish a routine similar to that of the child's home. 4. Rotate nursing staff so the child becomes comfortable with a variety of nurses.

3. Establish a routine similar to that of the child's home. It is very important to try to maintain a child's home routine both when par- ents are present and when they have to leave the hospital. This will increase the child's sense of security and decrease anxiety. Providing consistent nursing care is impor- tant, not rotating staff.

30. Which approach should the nurse use to gather information from a child brought to the ED for suspected child abuse? 1. Promise the child that her parents will not know what she tells the nurse. 2. Promise the child that she will not have to see the suspected abuser again. 3. Use correct anatomical terms to discuss body parts. 4. Tell the child that the abuse is not her fault and that she is a good person.

4. Tell the child that the abuse is not her fault and that she is a good person.

11. Which finding would the nurse consider abnormal when performing a physical assessment on a 6-month-old? 1. Posterior fontanel is open. 2. Anterior fontanel is open. 3. Beginning signs of tooth eruption. 4. Able to track and follow objects.

1. Posterior fontanel is open. The posterior fontanel should close between 6 and 8 weeks of age. The anterior fontanel usually closes between 12 and 18 months. The infant usually has a first tooth erupt at about 6 months of age. The infant should be able to track objects.

26. Which stressor is common in hospitalized toddlers? Select all that apply. 1. Social isolation. 2. Interrupted routine. 3. Sleep disturbances. 4. Self-concept disturbances. 5. Fear of being hurt.

2. Interrupted routine. 3. Sleep disturbances. 5. Fear of being hurt.

43. Which is the best method of distraction for an 8-year-old who is having surgery later today and is NPO? 1. Use the telephone to call friends. 2. Watch television. 3. Play a board game. 4. Read the central line pamphlet he was given.

3. Play a board game. A board game is the optimal choice be- cause school-age children enjoy being engaged in an activity with others that will require some skill and challenge.

40. Which nursing action is most appropriate to gain information about how a child is feeling? 1. Actively attempt to make friends with the child before asking about her feelings. 2. Ask the child's parents what feelings she has expressed in regard to her diagnosis. 3. Provide the child with some paper to draw a picture of how she is feeling. 4. Ask the child direct questions about how she is feeling.

3. Provide the child with some paper to draw a picture of how she is feeling. Often children will include much more detail about their feelings in drawings. They will often express things in pic- tures they are unable to verbalize.

39. A 3-year-old boy has been hospitalized because he fell down the stairs. His mother is crying and states, "This is all my fault." Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "Accidents happen. You shouldn't blame yourself." 2. "Falls are one of the most common injuries in this age group." 3. "It may be a good idea to put a baby gate on the stairs." 4. "Your son should be proficient at walking down the stairs by now."

2. "Falls are one of the most common injuries in this age group." Falls are one of the most common injuries, and it may make the parent feel better to know that this is common.

51. To obtain an adolescent's health information, the nurse should: 1. Interview the adolescent using direct questions. 2. Gather information during a casual conversation. 3. Interview the adolescent only in the presence of the parents. 4. Gather information only from the parents.

2. Gather information during a casual conversation.

45. The mother of 11-year-old fraternal twins tells the nurse at their well-child checkup that she is concerned because her daughter has gained more weight and height than her twin brother. The mother is concerned that there is something wrong with her son. The nurse's best response is: 1. "I understand your concern. I will talk with the physician, and we can draw some lab work." 2. "Let me ask you whether your son has been ill lately." 3. "It is normal for girls to grow a little taller and gain more weight than boys at this age." 4. "It is normal for you to be concerned, but I am sure your son will catch up with your daughter eventually."

3. "It is normal for girls to grow a little taller and gain more weight than boys at this age."

2. How can the nurse best facilitate the trust relationship between infant and parents while the infant is hospitalized? The nurse should: 1. Encourage the parents to remain at their child's bedside as much as possible. 2. Keep parents informed about all aspects of their child's condition. 3. Encourage the parents to hold their child as much as possible. 4. Advise the parents to participate actively in their child's care.

3. Encourage the parents to hold their child as much as possible. Having parents hold their child while in the hospital is an excellent means of building the trust relationship. Infants are most secure when they are being held, patted, and spoken to.

48. Which technique should the nurse suggest to the mother of an 8-year-old who does not want to complete her chores? 1. Grounding. 2. Time-out. 3. Reward system. 4. Spanking.

3. Reward system. School-age children usually respond very well to a reward system and often enjoy the rewards so much that they will continue chores without continual reminders.

25. Which comment should the parent of a 2-year-old expect from the toddler about a new baby brother? 1. "When the baby takes a nap, will you play with me?" 2. "Can I play with the baby?" 3. "The baby is so cute. I love him." 4. "It is time to put him away so we can play."

4. "It is time to put him away so we can play." This is a typical statement that would be made by a toddler. Toddlers are very egocentric and do not consider the needs of the other child.

19. Which statement by the mother of an 18-month-old would lead the nurse to believe that the child should be referred for further evaluation for developmental delay? 1. "My child is able to stand but is not yet taking steps independently." 2. "My child has a vocabulary of approximately 15 words." 3. "My child is still sucking his thumb." 4. "My child seems to be quite wary of strangers."

1. "My child is able to stand but is not yet taking steps independently." The child should be walking indepen- dently by 15 to 18 months. Because this toddler is 18 months and not walking, a referral should be made for a develop- mental consult. The vocabulary of an 18-month-old should be 10 words or more. Thumb-sucking is still common for 18-month-olds and may actually be at its peak at that age. It is very common for a child of 18 months to exhibit stranger anxiety.

29. A 3-year-old is hospitalized for an ASD repair. The parents have decided to go home for a few hours to spend time with her siblings. The child asks when her mommy and daddy will be back. The nurse's best response is: 1. "Your mommy and daddy will be back after your nap." 2. "Your mommy and daddy will be back at 6:00 p.m." 3. "Your mommy and daddy will be back later this evening." 4. "Your mommy and daddy will be back in 3 hours."

1. "Your mommy and daddy will be back after your nap." Preschoolers understand time in relation to events.

32. What can a nurse do to reinforce a 5-year-old's intellectual initiative when he asks about his upcoming surgery? 1. Answer the child's questions about his upcoming surgery in simple terms. 2. Provide the child with a book that has vivid illustrations about his surgery. 3. Tell the child he should wait and ask the doctor his questions. 4. Tell the child that she will answer his questions at a later time.

1. Answer the child's questions about his upcoming surgery in simple terms. The child is taking the initiative to ask questions, as all preschoolers do, and the nurse should always answer those questions as appropriately and accurately as possible.

14. An 8-day-old was admitted to the hospital with vomiting and dehydration. The newborn's heart rate is 170, respiratory rate is 44, blood pressure is 85/52, and temperature is 99°F (37.2°C). What is the nurse's best response to the parents who ask if the vital signs are normal? 1. "The blood pressure is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits." 2. "The temperature is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits." 3. "The respiratory rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits." 4. "The heart rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits."

4. "The heart rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within normal limits."

5. Which statement accurately describes the best method for assessing a 12-month-old? 1. The nurse should assess the child on the examining table. 2. The nurse should assess the child in a head-to-toe sequence. 3. The nurse should have the child's mother assist in holding her down. 4. The nurse should assess the child while she is in her mother's lap.

4. The nurse should assess the child while she is in her mother's lap. Infants are most secure when in prox- imity to the parent. The parent's lap is an excellent place to assess the child.

4. Which statement by an infant's mother leads the nurse to believe that she needs further education about the nutritional needs of a 6-month-old? 1. "I will continue to breastfeed my son and will give him rice cereal three times a day." 2. "I will start my son on fruits and gradually introduce vegetables." 3. "I will start my son on carrots and will introduce one new vegetable every few days." 4. "I will not give my son any more than 8 ounces of baby juice per day."

2. "I will start my son on fruits and gradually introduce vegetables." Infants should be started on vegetables prior to fruits. The sweetness of fruits may inhibit infants from taking vegetables. Cereal can be introduced between 4 and 6 months of age. Infants can be given fruit juice by 6 months of age, but it is recommended not to exceed 4 to 6 ounces per day.

10. The mother of a newborn asks the nurse when the infant will receive the first hepatitis B immunization. Which is the nurse's best response? 1. "Babies receive the hepatitis B vaccine only if their mother is hepatitis B-positive." 2. "The first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine will be given prior to discharge today." 3. "The first dose of hepatitis B vaccine is given at 1 year of age." 4. "Babies receive their first hepatitis B vaccine at 6 months of age."

2. "The first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine will be given prior to discharge today." The first dose of hepatitis B vaccine is recommended between birth and 2 months. In most hospitals, newborns are given the vaccine prior to discharge.

50. A 16-year-old male is hospitalized for cystic fibrosis. He will be an inpatient for 2 weeks while he receives IV antibiotics. Which action taken by the nurse will most enhance his psychosocial development? 1. Fax the teen's teacher, and have her send in his homework. 2. Encourage the teen's friends to visit him in the hospital. 3. Encourage the teen's grandparents to visit frequently. 4. Tell the teen he is free to use his phone to call or text friends.

2. Encourage the teen's friends to visit him in the hospital.

33. A 5-year-old boy has always been one of the shortest children in class. His mother tells the school nurse that her husband is 6 tall and she is 57. What should the nurse tell the child's mother? 1. He is expected to grow about 3 inches every year from ages 6 to 9 years. 2. He is expected to grow about 2 inches every year from ages 6 to 9 years. 3. He should be seen by an endocrinologist for growth-hormone injections. 4. His growth should be re-evaluated when he is 7 years old.

2. He is expected to grow about 2 inches every year from ages 6 to 9 years.

21. Which foods would the nurse recommend to the mother of a 2-year-old with anemia? 1. 32 oz of whole cow's milk per day. 2. Meats, eggs, and green vegetables. 3. Fruits, whole grains, and rice. 4. 8 oz of juice, three times per day.

2. Meats, eggs, and green vegetables.

8. Which toy is the best choice for a 12-month-old? 1. Baby doll. 2. Musical rattle. 3. Board book. 4. Colorful beads.

2. Musical rattle. A musical rattle is the perfect toy for this child. Infants have short attention spans and enjoy auditory and visual stimulation.

44. Which activity can the nurse provide for a 9-year-old to encourage a sense of industry? 1. Allow the child to choose what time to take his medication. 2. Provide the child with the homework his teacher has sent. 3. Allow the child to assist with his bath. 4. Allow the child to help with his dressing change.

2. Provide the child with the homework his teacher has sent. child can achieve a sense of industry by completing his homework and staying on track with his classmates.

31. Which reaction would a nurse expect when giving a preschooler immunizations? 1. The child remains silent and still. 2. The child cries and tells the nurse that it hurts. 3. The child tries to stall the nurse. 4. The child remains still while telling the nurse that she is hurting him.

2. The child cries and tells the nurse that it hurts. The common response of a 5-year-old is to cry and protest during an immunization. School-age children are most likely to try to stall the nurse. Teens usually remain still, and they may calmly tell the nurse that they are feeling pain during the injection.

12. A mother requests that her child receive the varicella vaccine at the 9-month well-child checkup. The nurse tells the mother that: 1. Children who are vaccinated will likely develop a mild case of the disease. 2. The vaccine cannot be given at that visit. 3. The vaccine will be administered after the physician examines the child. 4. A booster vaccination will be needed at 18 months of age.

2. The vaccine cannot be given at that visit. The nurse should not give the vaccine. The varicella vaccine is not usually administered prior to 1 year of age.

1. A 6-month-old male is at his well-child checkup. The nurse weighs him, and his mother asks if his weight is normal for his age. The nurse's best response is: 1. "At 6 months his weight should be approximately three times his birth weight." 2. "Each child gains weight at his or her own pace." 3. "At 6 months his weight should be approximately twice his birth weight." 4. "At 6 months a child should weigh about 10 lb more than his or her birth weight."

3. "At 6 months his weight should be approximately twice his birth weight."

6. The nurse is instructing a new breastfeeding mother in the need to provide her pre- mature infant with an adequate source of iron in her diet. Which statement reflects a need for further education of the new mother? 1. "I will use only breast milk or an iron-fortified formula as a source of milk for my baby until she is at least 12 months old." 2. "My baby will need to have iron supplements introduced when she is 4 months old." 3. "I will need to add iron supplements to my baby's diet when she is 2 months old." 4. "When my baby begins to eat solid foods, I should introduce iron-fortified cereals to her diet."

3. "I will need to add iron supplements to my baby's diet when she is 2 months old." Premature infants have iron stores from the mother that last approximately 2 months, so it is important to introduce an iron supplement by 2 months of age. Full-term infants have iron stores that last approximately 4 to 6 months.

16. The nurse is using the FLACC scale to rate the pain level in a 9-month-old. Which is the nurse's best response to the father's question of what the FLACC scale is? 1. "It estimates a child's level of pain utilizing vital sign information." 2. "It estimates a child's level of pain based on parents' perception." 3. "It estimates a child's level of pain utilizing behavioral and physical responses." 4. "It estimates a child's level of pain utilizing a numeric scale from 0 to 5."

3. "It estimates a child's level of pain utilizing behavioral and physical responses." The FLACC scale utilizes behavioral and physical responses of the child to measure the child's level of pain. The scale utilizes facial expression, leg position, activity, intensity of cry, and level of consolability.

18. The nurse is assessing the pain level in an infant who just had surgery. The infant's parent asks which vital sign changes are expected in a child experiencing pain. The nurse's best response is: 1. "We expect to see a child's heart rate decrease and respiratory rate increase." 2. "We expect to see a child's heart rate and blood pressure decrease." 3. "We expect to see a child's heart rate and blood pressure increase." 4. "We expect to see a child's heart rate increase and blood pressure decrease."

3. "We expect to see a child's heart rate and blood pressure increase."

35. A 3-year-old admitted to the hospital with croup has the following vital signs: heart rate 90, respiratory rate 44, blood pressure 100/52, and temperature 98.8°F (37.1°C). The parents ask the nurse if these vital signs are normal. The nurse's best response is: 1. "Your son's blood pressure is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range.." 2. "Your son's temperature is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range.." 3. "Your son's respiratory rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range." 4. "Your son's heart rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range."

3. "Your son's respiratory rate is elevated, but the other vital signs are within the normal range." A normal respiratory rate for a child from 3 to 6 years is 20 to 30 breaths per minute.

36. Which action is a developmentally appropriate method for eliciting a 4-year-old's cooperation in obtaining the blood pressure? 1. Have the child's parents help put on the blood pressure cuff. 2. Tell the child that if he sits still, the blood pressure machine will go quickly. 3. Ask the child if he feels a squeezing of his arm. 4. Tell the child that measuring the blood pressure will not hurt.

3. Ask the child if he feels a squeezing of his arm.

13. What should parents understand is one of the most common causes of injury and death for a 7-month-old infant? 1. Poisoning. 2. Child abuse. 3. Aspiration. 4. Dog bites.

3. Aspiration. Aspiration is a common cause of injury and death among children of this age. These children often find small objects lying on the floor and place them in their mouths. Older siblings are often responsible for leaving small objects around.

28. The best method to explain a procedure to a hospitalized preschool-age child is to: 1. Show the child a pamphlet with pictures showing the procedure. 2. Have the 5-year-old next door tell the 4-year-old about the experience. 3. Demonstrate the procedure on a doll. 4. Show the child a video of the procedure

3. Demonstrate the procedure on a doll. A 4-year-old child understands in very concrete and simple terms. Therefore, medical play is an excellent method for helping to understand the procedure.

20. The mother of a child 2 years 6 months has arranged a play date with the neighbor and her child 2 years 9 months. During the play date the two mothers should expect that the children will do which of the following? 1. Share and trade their toys while playing. 2. Play with one another with little or no conflict. 3. Play alongside one another but not actively with one another. 4. Only play with one or two items, ignoring most of the other toys.

3. Play alongside one another but not actively with one another. Toddlers engage in parallel play. They often play alongside another child, but they rarely engage in activities with the other child. Toddlers do not share their possessions well. One of their favorite words is "mine."

41. Which statement would indicate to the nurse that a school-age child is not developmentally on track for age? 1. The child is able to follow a four- to five-step command. 2. The child started wetting the bed on admission to the hospital. 3. The child has an imaginary friend named Kelly. 4. The child enjoys playing board games with her sister.

3. The child has an imaginary friend named Kelly.

42. Which statement accurately describes how the nurse should approach an 11-year-old to do a physical assessment? 1. Ask the child's parents to remain in the room during the physical exam. 2. Auscultate the heart, lungs, and abdomen first. 3. Explain that the physical exam will not hurt. 4. Explain what the nurse will be doing in basic understandable terms.

4. Explain what the nurse will be doing in basic understandable terms. School-age children are capable of un- derstanding basic functions of the body and can understand what the nurse will be doing if explained in basic terms.

24. According to developmental theories, which important event is essential to the development of the toddler? 1. The child learns to feed self. 2. The child develops friendships. 3. The child learns to walk. 4. The child participates in being potty-trained.

4. The child participates in being potty-trained. Developmental theorists like Erickson and Freud believe that toilet training is the essential event that must be mastered by the toddler.

61. The mother of an adolescent complains that he has had some recent behavioral changes. He comes home from school every day, closes his door, and refrains from interaction with his family. The nurse's best response to the mother is: 1. "You should speak with your son and ask him directly what is wrong with him." 2. "You should set limits with your son and tell him that this is unacceptable behavior." 3. "Your son's behavior is abnormal, and he is going to need a psychiatric referral." 4. "Your son's behavior is normal. You should listen to him without being judgmental."

4. "Your son's behavior is normal. You should listen to him without being judgmental."