PEDS:: Additional CAQs

The nurse is using Piaget's theory to assess the cognitive development in a child. What is most likely to be the age of the child who has reached a developmental milestone by grasping the concept of conservation of numbers for the first time? 1 5 years 2 7 years 3 9 years 4 12 years

1- 5 years There appears to be a developmental sequence in children's capacity to conserve matter. Children usually grasp conservation of numbers between the ages of 5 and 6 years. So, in this scenario, the child who is most likely to have grasped the concept of conservation of numbers for the first time is likely to 5 years old. Conservation of liquids, mass, and length usually is accomplished at about ages 6 to 7 years old. Conservation of weight is understood sometime later, around ages 9 to 10 years old. The child begins to understand conservation of volume or displacement last, between ages 9 and 12 years old.

The nurse is providing care to an infant who is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). Which parental statement indicates the need for further education related to the potential for poor growth? 1 "My child's diagnosis causes delayed bone growth." 2 "My child will have a poor appetite, which will lead to poor growth." 3 "My child will have increased oxygen demands, which will lead to poor growth." 4 "My child will have a decreased ability to absorb nutrients, which will cause poor growth."

2- "My child will have a poor appetite, which will lead to poor growth." Pediatric clients who are diagnosed with CF experience poor growth despite a healthy appetite and diet; therefore, the parental statement indicates that the infant's poor appetite will lead to poor growth indicates the need for further education. Pediatric clients diagnosed with CF experience poor growth due to delayed bone growth, increased oxygen demands, and a decreased ability to absorb nutrients.

According to Freud, which must occur before an individual is able to have a mature adult sexual relationship? 1 Puberty 2 Conflict resolution 3 Acquisition of new skills 4 Loss of self in another person

2- Conflict resolution According to Freud, an individual must resolve conflict prior to having a mature adult sexual relationship. Puberty is required for sexual function but not a mature adult sexual relationship. The acquisition of new skills and losing self in another person are characteristics of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.

Which statement is true regarding the physical development of a preschooler? 1 Children gain about 3 lbs (1.36 kg) per year. 2 Preschoolers grow 6.2 to 7.5 cm per year. 3 Preschoolers grow three times their length at around 4 years. 4 The average weight of the child at four years is 32 lbs (14.51 kg).

2- Preschoolers grow 6.2 to 7.5 cm per year. Preschoolers grow 6.2 to 7.5 cm per year. Preschoolers gain about 5 lbs (2.26 kg) per year. They also grow double their length at around 4 years old. The average weight of a 4 year old is 37 lbs (16.78 kg).

Which age should the nurse teach the parents of a school-age client to expect mandibular second molars to erupt? 1 7 to 8 years 2 9 to 10 years 3 10 to 12 years 4 11 to 13 years

4- 11 to 13 years Mandibular second molars often erupt between 11 and 13 years of age. The maxillary central incisor is expected to erupt between 7 and 8 years of age. The mandibular cuspids are expected to erupt between 9 and 10 years of age. The mandibular second bicuspids are expected to erupt between 11 to 12 years of age.

The nurse is teaching hygiene practices to a 16-year-old client who has recently had her first menstrual flow. Under which phase of development does the nurse classify the client? 1 Prepubescence 2 Postpubescence 3 Late adolescence 4 Middle adolescence

4- Middle adolescence Adolescence is a period of psychological, social, and maturational growth. There are subphases of adolescence. Middle adolescence occurs between the ages of 15 and 17 years. Prepubescence occurs 2 years before the onset of puberty. However, this client has already achieved puberty and had her first menstrual flow. Postpubescence extends for 1 to 2 years after puberty. The client has recently had her first menstrual flow and is at the point of puberty. Late adolescence occurs between the ages of 18 and 20 years.

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development does the nurse anticipate in a client who exhibits absolute obedience to authority and rules? 1 Stage 1 2 Stage 2 3 Stage 3 4 Stage 4

1- Stage 1 Level I, preconventional reasoning, includes stage 1, punishment and obedience training. It is during this stage the nurse would anticipate absolute obedience to authority and rules. Stage 2, also in level I, is when the nurse anticipates that the child will realize there is more than one right view. In stage 3, level II, the child wants to win approval and maintain expectations of his or her immediate group. In stage 4, also in level II, the client expands focus from the relationship with others to societal concerns.

Which type of prehension is exhibited by a 5-month-old infant? 1 The grasp is palmar. 2 Hands are mostly open. 3 The grasp is a crude pincer. 4 Hands are predominantly closed.

1- The grasp is palmar. A 5-month-old infant is able to voluntarily grasp an object using the whole hand; this is called a palmar grasp. At 3 months of age, the hands are mostly open. By 8 to 9 months of age the infant uses a crude pincer grasp, using the thumb and index finger. At 1 month of age the hands are predominantly closed.

Which symptoms present in a child indicate Turner syndrome? Select all that apply. 1 Webbed neck 2 Impaired language 3 Tall stature with long legs 4 Low position of posterior hairline 5 Shield-shaped chest with wide space between the nipples

1- Webbed neck 4- Low position of posterior hairline 5- Shield-shaped chest with wide space between the nipples Turner syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality seen in females in which an X chromosome is partly or completely absent. The clinical manifestations of Turner syndrome include a webbed neck, low posterior hairline, and shield-shaped chest with wide space between the nipples. Impaired language skills are seen in clients with triple X or superfemale syndrome. The client with Turner syndrome has short stature. Tall stature with long legs is a finding in Klinefelter syndrome.

At which stage of Kohlberg's theory does an individual want to fulfill the expectations of one's immediate group? 1 Good boy-nice girl orientation 2 Society-maintaining orientation 3 Instrumental relativist orientation 4 Universal ethical principle orientation

1-Good boy-nice girl orientation The good boy-good girl orientation stage involves an individual who wants to win the approval and maintain the expectations of one's immediate group. During the society-maintaining orientation stage, an individual expands focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns. The instrumental relativist orientation stage involves a child who wants to follow his or her parent's rules. The universal ethical principle orientation stage defines "right" by the decision of conscience according to self-chosen ethical principles.

What stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development defines "right" by the decision of the conscience? 1 Social contract orientation 2 Society-maintaining orientation 3 Instrumental relativist orientation 4 Universal ethical principle orientation

4-Universal ethical principle orientation Kohlberg's theory of moral development consists of six stages. Universal ethical principle orientation is the sixth stage. It defines "right" by the decision of the conscience in accordance with self-chosen ethical principles. Social contract orientation is the fifth stage of Kohlberg's theory. During this stage, an individual follows societal law but recognizes the possibility of changing the law to improve society. Society-maintaining orientation stage is the fourth stage. Individuals expand their focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns during this stage. Instrumental relativist orientation is the second stage. In this stage, the child recognizes that there is more than one right view.

What is the longest time after birth that the Apgar test is conducted for the second time? Record your answer using a whole number. _______ minutes

Apgar assessments are generally conducted 5 minutes after birth.