PEDs Chapter 11-13

Which statement is correct about toilet training?

Wanting to please the parent helps motivate the child to use the toilet.

The home health nurse is planning care for a 3-year-old boy who has Down syndrome and is receiving continuous oxygen. He recently began walking around furniture. He is spoon-fed by his parents and eats some finger foods. Which is the most appropriate goal to promote normal development?

Encourage mobility.

A child has been admitted to the emergency department with an acetaminophen (Tylenol) poisoning. An antidote is being prescribed by the health care provider. Which antidote should the nurse prepare to administer?

N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

The parents of a newborn say that their toddler "hates the baby; he suggested that we put him in the trash can so the trash truck could take him away." Which is the nurse's best reply?

"That is a normal response to the birth of a sibling. Let's look at ways to deal with this."

Parents tell the nurse that they found their 3-year-old daughter and a male cousin of the same age inspecting each other closely as they used the bathroom. Which is the most appropriate recommendation the nurse should make?

Neither condone nor condemn the curiosity.

Kimberly's parents have been using a rearward-facing, convertible car seat since she was born. Most car seats can be safely switched to the forward-facing position when the child reaches which age

2

At what age should the nurse expect a child to give both first and last names when asked?

30 months

By which age should the nurse expect that most children could obey prepositional phrases such as under on top of beside and behind?

4 Years

Which technique is best for dealing with the negativism of the toddler?

Offer the child choices.

What is the most effective way to clean a toddler's teeth?

Parent to stabilize the chin with one hand and brush with the other

Two toddlers are playing in a sandbox when one child suddenly grabs a toy from the other child. Which is the best interpretation of this behavior?

This is typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric.

A nurse is assessing a preschool-age child and notes the child exhibits magical thinking. According to Piaget, which describes magical thinking?

Thoughts are all-powerful

The psychosocial developmental tasks of toddlerhood include which characteristic?

Ability to delay gratification

Preschoolers' fears can best be dealt with by which intervention?

Actively involving them in finding practical methods to deal with the frightening experience

The parent of a 16-month-old toddler asks, "What is the best way to keep our son from getting into our medicines at home?" The nurse's best advice is:

All meds should be locked securely away

Steven, 16 months old, falls down a few stairs. He gets up and "scolds" the stairs as if they caused him to fall. This is an example of which of the following?

Animism

A nurse, instructing parents of a hospitalized preschool child, explains that which is descriptive of the preschooler's understanding of time?

Associates time with events

Which play is most typical of the preschool period

Associative

The child of 15 to 30 months is likely to be struggling with which developmental task?

Autonomy

In terms of fine motor development, which should the 3-year-old child be expected to do?

Draw a circle and name what has been drawn

Developmentally, what should most children at age 12 months be able to do?

Eat the same food as the rest of the family

Which should the nurse expect of a healthy 3-year-old child?

Balance on one foot for a few seconds

Why are imaginary playmates beneficial to the preschool child

Become friends in time of loneliness

A young boy is found squirting lighter fluid into his mouth. His father calls the emergency department. The nurse taking the call should know that the primary danger is which result?

Bronchitis and chemical pneumonia

The nurse recommends to parents that peanuts are not a good snack food for toddlers. What is the nurse's rationale for this action?

Can be easily aspirated

The nurse suspects that a child has ingested some type of poison. Which clinical manifestation would be most suggestive that the poison was a corrosive product?

Edema of lips, tongue, pharynx

What should injury prevention efforts emphasize during the preschool period?

Education for safety and potential hazards

A 4-year-old child is hospitalized with a serious bacterial infection. The child tells the nurse that he is sick because he was "bad." Which is the nurse's best interpretation of this comment?

Common at this age

What is the result of acute salicylate (ASA, aspirin) poisoning?

Disorientation and loss of consciousness

What is the most fatal type of burn in the toddler age group?

Flame burn from playing with matches

Parents tell the nurse that their toddler daughter eats little at mealtime, only sits at the table with the family briefly, and wants snacks "all the time." Which intervention should the nurse recommend?

Give her nutritious snacks.

Which is a clinical manifestation of acetaminophen poisoning?

Hepatic involvement

The parents of a 2-year-old tell the nurse that they are concerned because the toddler has started to use "baby talk" since the arrival of their new baby. The nurse should recommend which intervention?

Ignore the "baby talk."

A nurse places some x-ray contrast the toddler is to drink in a small cup instead of a large cup. Which concept of a toddler's preoperational thinking is the nurse using

Inability to conserve

Which is probably the most important criterion on which to base the decision to report suspected child abuse?

Incompatibility between the history and injury observed

Which should the nurse expect for a toddler's language development at age 18 months?

Increasing level of comprehension

Which is the leading cause of death during the toddler period?

Injuries

The parent of a 4-year-old boy tells the nurse that the child believes that monsters and boogeymen are in his bedroom at night. What is the nurse's best suggestion for coping with this problem?

Keep a night-light on in the child's bedroom

Which is the most frequent source of acute childhood lead poisoning

Lead-based paint

Which snack should the nurse recommend parents offer to their slightly overweight preschool child?

Low fat chocolate milk

A 4-year-old child tells the nurse that she does not want another blood sample drawn because "I need all my insides, and I don't want anyone taking them out." Which is the nurse's best interpretation of this?

Preschoolers have poorly defined body boundaries

Which is a common characteristic of those who sexually abuse children?

Pressure victim into secrecy

Which is descriptive of a toddler's cognitive development at age 20 months?

Realizes that "out of sight" is not out of reach

A parent asks the nurse about negativism in toddlers. Which is the most appropriate recommendation?

Reduce the opportunities for a "no" answer.

A toddler's parent asks the nurse for suggestions on dealing with temper tantrums. Which is the most appropriate recommendation?

Remain close by the child but without eye contact.

A father tells the nurse that his daughter wants the same plate and cup used at every meal, even if they go to a restaurant. What should the nurse explain to the father?

Ritualism, common at this age

A young child has just arrived at the emergency department after ingestion of aspirin at home. The practitioner has ordered activated charcoal. The nurse administers charcoal in which way?

Serve in an opaque container with a straw

In the clinic waiting room, a nurse observes a parent showing an 18-month-old child how to make a tower out of blocks. What should the nurse recognize in this situation?

Toddlers are capable of building a tower of blocks

Which factor is most important in predisposing toddlers to frequent infections?

Toddlers have a short, straight internal ear canal and large lymph tissue.

A 3-month-old infant dies shortly after arrival to the emergency department. The infant has subdural and retinal hemorrhages but no external signs of trauma. What should the nurse suspect?

Shaken-baby syndrome

A nurse is teaching parents about language development for preschool children. Which dysfunctional speech pattern is a normal characteristic the parents might expect?

Stammering

A nurse is beginning chelation therapy on a child for lead poisoning. Which intervention should the nurse implement during the time the child is receiving chelation therapy?

Strict intake and output

Which is an appropriate recommendation for preventing tooth decay in young children?

Substitute sugarless gum for regular gum

Parents are concerned that their child is showing aggressive behaviors. Which suggestion should the nurse make to the parents?

Supervise television viewing.

Which characteristics best describes the language of a 3 year old child

Talks incessantly regardless if anyone is listening

The nurse is teaching parents of toddlers about animal safety. Which should be included in the teaching session?

Teach your toddler not to disturb an animal that is eating

The nurse is guiding parents in selecting a daycare facility for their child. Which is especially important to consider when making the selection?

Teachers knowledgable about development

A nurse is planning care for a 17-month-old child. According to Piaget, which stage should the nurse expect the child to be in cognitively?

Tertiary circular reaction

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized 4-year-old boy. His parents tell the nurse that they will be back to visit at 6 PM. When the child asks the nurse when his parents are coming, the nurse's best response is

They will come after dinner

A parent of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says "no" to everything and has rapid mood swings. If he is scolded, he shows anger and then immediately wants to be held. The nurse's best interpretation of this behavior is included in which statement?

This is normal behavior for his age.

Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an electric outlet recently, her parent finds her about to place a paper clip in another outlet. Which is the best interpretation of this behavior?

This is typical behavior because of the inability to transfer knowledge to new situations.

Which characteristic best describes the gross motor skills of a 24-month-old child?

Walks up and down stairs and runs with a wide stance

Which describes a child who is abused by the parent(s)?

a. Unintentionally contributes to the abusing situation

Which play item should the nurse bring from the playroom to a hospitalized toddler in isolation?

b. Set of large plastic building blocks

Parents need further teaching about the use of car safety seats if they make which statement?

c. "We won't need to use the car seat on short trips to the store."

Which accurately describes the speech of the preschool child?

disfluency in speech patterns is normal

Which is a useful skill that the nurse expect a 5-year-old child to be able to master

tie shoe laces

At what blood level is chelation therapy for lead poisoning initiated in a child?

³45 g/dl