Peds Chapter 6, Peds Chapter 7, Peds Chapter 8, Peds Chapter 10, Peds Chapter 12, Peds Chapter 11, Peds Chapter 13, Peds Chapter 14, Peds Chapter 15, Peds Chapter 17, Peds Chapter 18, Peds Chapter 19, Peds Chapter 20, Peds Chapter 22, Peds Chapter 23...
A 14yearold female comes to the clinic with amenorrhea for 3 months. A pregnancy test is negative. The adolescent's body weight is at 82% of expected for height and age. The mother reports that her daughter often throws up and refuses to eat most foods. Which condition does the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner suspect? A. Anorexia nervosa B. Bulimia nervosa C. Depression D. Substance abuse
A
A 13yearold child has exhibited symptoms of mild depression for several weeks. The parent reports feeling relieved that the symptoms have passed but concerned that the child now seems to have boundless energy and an inability to sit still. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? A. Administer an ADHD diagnostic scale and consider an ADHD medication. B. Consult with a child psychiatrist to prescribe an antidepressant medication. C. Reassure the parent that this behavior is common after mild depressive symptoms D. Refer the child to a child psychiatrist for evaluation of bipolar disorder.
D
A toddler has begun hitting and biting other children at a day care center and is exhibiting temper tantrums and bad language at home. The parent reports that these behaviors began shortly after a sibling was born. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? A. Advise the parent that the child is exhibiting early symptoms of ADHD. B. Engage the parent in positive parenting strategies to facilitate appropriate child coping. C. Recommend evaluating the child for conduct or oppositional defiant disorder. D. Suggest putting the child in another day care center to ameliorate the problems.
B
1. In a respiratory disorder causing a checkvalve obstruction, which symptoms will be present? a. Air entry on inspiration with expiratory occlusion b. Complete obstruction on inspiration and expiration c. Narrowing of the lumen with increased air flow resistance d. Obstruction of air entry with unimpeded expiratory air flow
a
1. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 2weekold infant and auscultates a wide splitting of S2 during expiration. What condition may this finding represent? a. Atrial septal defect b. Coarctation of the aorta c. Patent ductus arteriosis d. Ventricular septal defect
a
10. A 2yearold child who has SCA comes to the clinic with a cough and a fever of 101.5°C. The child currently takes penicillin V prophylaxis 125 mg orally twice daily. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Admit the child to the hospital to evaluate for sepsis b. Give intravenous fluids and antibiotics in clinic. c. Increase the penicillin V dose to 250 mg. d. Order a chest radiograph to rule out pneumonia.
a
10. An adolescent has 2+ proteinuria in a random dipstick urinalysis. A subsequent first-morning void specimen is negative. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do to manage this condition? a. Monitor for proteinuria at each annual well child examination. b. Order a 24-hour timed urine collection for creatinine and protein excretion. c. Reassure the parents that this is a benign condition with no follow-up needed. d. Refer the child to a pediatric nephrologist for further evaluation.
a
11. A child is in the clinic because of symptoms of purulent, foulsmelling nasal discharge from the right nostril. Nasal visualization reveals something shiny in a mass of mucous in the nasal cavity. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Attempt to remove the mass gently using alligator forceps. b. Perform a saline nasal rinse using a water jet device. c. Refer the child to a pediatric otolaryngologist. d. Suction the mucoid mass using a bulb syringe.
a
11. A schoolage child has had abdominal pain for 3 months that occurs once or twice weekly and is associated with a headache and occasional difficulty sleeping, often causing the child to stay home from school. The child does not have vomiting or diarrhea and is gaining weight normally. The physical exam is normal. According to Bishop, what is included in the initial diagnostic workup for this child? a. CBC, ESR, amylase, lipase, UA, and abdominal ultrasound b. CBC, ESR, CRP, and fecal calprotectin c. CBC, ESR, CRP, UA, stool for ova, parasites, and culture d. Stool for H. pylori antigen and serum IgA, IgG, tTg
a
12. A child who has sustained a head injury after falling on the playground is brought to the clinic. The parents report that the child cried immediately and was able to walk around after falling. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes slight slurring of the child's speech and the child has vomited twice in the exam room. Which course of action is warranted? a. Admit the child to the hospital for a neurology consult. b. Observe the child in the clinic for several hours. c. Order a head CT and observe the child at home. d. Send the child home with instructions for followup.
a
12. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 5yearold child who has had recurrent fevers, bone pain, and a recent loss of weight. The physical exam reveals scattered petechiae, lymphadenopathy, and bruising. A complete blood count shows thrombocytopenia, anemia, and an elevated white cell blood count. The nurse practitioner will refer this child to a specialist for a. bone marrow biopsy. b. corticosteroids and IVIG. c. hemoglobin electrophoresis. d. immunoglobulin testing.
a
12. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a schoolage child who had complete repair of a tetralogy of Fallot defect in infancy. What is important in this child's health maintenance regime? a. Cardiology clearance for sports participation b. Restriction of physical activity to avoid pulmonary complications c. Subacute bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis precautions d. Teaching about management of hypercyanotic episodes
a
14. A schoolage child has a history of chronic otitis media and is seen in the clinic with vertigo. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes profuse purulent otorrhea from both pressureequalizing tubes and a pearlywhite lesion on one tympanic membrane. Which condition is most likely? a. Cholesteatoma b. Mastoiditis c. Otitis externa d. Otitis media with effusion
a
15. A previously healthy schoolage child develops a cough and a lowgrade fever. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner auscultates wheezes in all lung fields. Which diagnosis will the nurse practitioner suspect? a. Atypical pneumonia b. Bacterial pneumonia c. Bronchiolitis d. Bronchitis
a
16. A child is diagnosed with communityacquired pneumonia and will be treated as an outpatient. Which antibiotic will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner prescribe? a. Amoxicillin b. Azithromycin c. Ceftriaxone d. Oseltamivir
a
19. An initial key part of management of a child suspected of having an inborn error of metabolism is a. consulting a metabolic specialist b. obtaining a complete family history. c. ordering metabolic screening tests. d. referring the family to a dietician.
a
20. A 7yearold child who has a history of a repaired congenital heart defect has many dental caries along with gingival erythema and irritation and a temperature of 102.5°F. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do next? a. Admit to the hospital with a pediatric cardiology consult. b. Obtain blood cultures and a CBC and consult a pediatric cardiologist. c. Refer the child to a pediatric dental surgeon immediately. d. Start prophylactic antibiotics such as penicillin twice daily for 2 weeks.
a
21. A 15yearold female reports fainting at school in class on two occasions. The adolescent's orthostatic blood pressures are normal. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner suspects a cardiac cause for these episodes and will order which tests before referring her to a pediatric cardiologist? a. 12lead electrocardiogram b. Echocardiogram c. Tilt table testing d. Treadmill exercise testing
a
3. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner evaluates a 5yearold child who presents with pallor and obtains labs revealing a hemoglobin of 8.5 g/dL and a hematocrit of 31%. How will the nurse practitioner manage this patient? a. Prescribe elemental iron and recheck labs in 1 month. b. Reassure the parent that this represents mild anemia. c. Recommend a diet high in ironrich foods. d. Refer to a hematologist for further evaluation.
a
4. Adolescent children are more likely to smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol if they live with a. cohabitating parents. b. grandparents. c. homosexual parents. d. single parents.
a
4. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is managing care for a child diagnosed with irondeficiency anemia who had an initial hemoglobin of 8.8 g/dL and hematocrit of 32% who has been receiving ferrous sulfate as 3 mg/kg/day of elemental iron for 4 weeks. The child's current lab work reveals elevations in Hgb/Hct and reticulocytes with a hemoglobin of 10.5 g/dL and a hematocrit of 36%. What is the next step in management of this patient? a. Continue the current dose of ferrous sulfate and recheck labs in 1 to 2 months. b. Discontinue the supplemental iron and encourage an ironenriched diet. c. Increase the ferrous sulfate dose to 4 to 6 mg/kg/day of elemental iron. d. Refer the child to a pediatric hematologist to further evaluate the anemia.
a
5. A 3yearold child has just completed a 7day course of amoxicillin for a second febrile urinary tract infection and currently has a negative urine culture. What is the next course of action? a. Obtain a renal and bladder ultrasound b. Prescribe prophylactic antibiotics to prevent recurrence c. Refer the child for a voiding cystourethrogram d. Screen urine regularly for leukocyte esterase and nitrites
a
5. A 3yearold child with pressureequalizing tubes (PET) in both ears has otalgia in one ear. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is able to visualize the tube and does not see exudate in the ear canal and obtains a type A tympanogram. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Order ototopical antibiotic/corticosteroid drops. b. Prescribe a prophylactic antibiotic medication. c. Reassure the parent that this is a normal exam. d. Refer the child to an otolaryngologist for followup
a
5. The parent of a 3monthold reports that the infant arches and gags while feedingand spits up undigested formula frequently. The infant's weight gain has dropped to the 5th percentile from the 12th percentile. What is the best course of treatment for this infant? a. Begin a trial of extensively hydrolyzed protein formula for 2 to 4 weeks. b. Institute an empiric trial of acid suppression with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). c. Perform esophageal pH monitoring to determine the degree of reflux. d. Reassure the parent that these symptoms will likely resolve by 12 to 24 months.
a
5. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling the parents of a 13yearold female who has Down syndrome about sexual maturation. What will the nurse practitioner tell these parents? a. It is important to discuss and support healthy sexuality. b. Providing too much information about sexuality may be confusing given the child's cognitive level of understanding. c. Suppressing periods with contraceptives will lessen their daughter's distress. d. They should give her information about periods but not about sexuality.
a
5. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a well baby examination on a 4monthold infant who is exclusively breastfed and whose mother plans to introduce only small amounts of fruits and vegetables in addition to breastfeeding. To ensure that the infant gets adequate amounts of iron, what will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Elemental iron supplementation of 1 mg/kg/day until cereals are added b. Elemental iron supplementation of 3 mg/kg/day for the duration of breastfeeding c. Monitoring the infant's hemoglobin and hematocrit at every wellbaby checkup d. Offering ironfortified formula to ensure adequate iron intake
a
6. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a well child examination on a 12monthold child who had repair of a congenital heart defect at 8 months of age. The child has a normal exam. The parent reports that the child is not taking any medications. The nurse practitioner will contact the child's cardiologist to discuss whether the child needs which medication? a. Amoxicillin b. Capoten c. Digoxin d. Furosemide
a
6. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner reviews hematology reports on a child with betathalassemia minor and notes an Hgb level of 8 g/dL. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Evaluate serum ferritin. b. Order Hgb electrophoresis. c. Prescribe supplemental iron. d. Refer for RBC transfusions.
a
6. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner teach the parents of a child who has new pressureequalizing tubes (PET) in both ears? a. Parents should notice improved hearing in their child. b. PET will help by reducing the number of ear infections the child has. c. The child should use earplugs when showering or bathing. d. The tubes will most likely remain in place for 3 to 4 years.
a
7. A schoolage child has had nasal discharge and daytime cough but no fever for 12 days without improvement in symptoms. The child has not had antibiotics recently and there is no significant antibiotic resistance in the local community. What is the appropriate treatment for this child? a. Amoxicillin 45 mg/kg/day b. Amoxicillin 8090 mg/kg/day c. Amoxicillinclavulanate 8090 mg/kg/day d. Saline irrigation for symptomatic relief
a
7. Because of their inability to ambulate, children with cerebral palsy should be evaluated for which nutrients? a. Calcium and vitamin D b. Fatsoluble vitamins c. Iron and zinc d. Sodium and potassium
a
7. During a well baby examination of a 6weekold infant, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes poor weight gain, acrocyanosis of the hands and feet, and a respiratory rate of 60 breaths per minute. Oxygen saturation on room air is 93%. The remainder of the exam is unremarkable. Which action is correct? a. Followup in 1 week to assess the infant's weight. b. Order a chest radiograph and an electrocardiogram. c. Reassure the parents that the exam is within normal limits. d. Refer the infant to a pediatric cardiologist.
a
8. A toddler who presents with anemia and reticulocytopenia has a history of a gradual decrease in energy and increase in pallor beginning after a recent viral infection. How will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner treat this child? a. Closely observe the child's symptoms and lab values. b. Consult with a pediatric hematologist. c. Prescribe supplemental iron for 4 to 6 months. d. Refer for transfusions to correct the anemia.
a
9. A 10yearold child has had abdominal pain for 2 days, which began in the periumbilical area and then localized to the right lower quadrant. The child vomited once today and then experienced relief from pain followed by an increased fever. What is the likely diagnosis? a. Appendicitis with perforation b. Gastroenteritis c. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) d. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
a
9. A child has gross hematuria, abdominal pain, and arthralgia as well as a rash. What diagnosis is most likely? a. Henoch-Schonlein purpura b. Rhabdomyosarcoma c. Sickle cell disease d. Systemic lupus erythematosus
a
9. A child who has otitis externa has severe swelling of the external auditory canal that persists after 2 days of therapy with ototopical antibiotic/corticosteroid drops. What is the next step in treatment for this child? a. Insert a wick into the external auditory canal. b. Irrigate the external auditory canal with saline. c. Order systemic corticosteroids. d. Prescribe an oral antibiotic medication.
a
9. The pediatric nurse practitioner provides primary care for a 30monthold child who has sickle cell anemia who has had one dose of 23valent pneumococcal vaccine. Which is an appropriate action for health maintenance in this child? a. Administer an initial meningococcal vaccine. b. Begin folic acid dietary supplementation. c. Decrease the dose of penicillin V prophylaxis. d. Give a second dose of 23valent pneumococcal vaccine.
a
9. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a physical examination on a 12yearold child and notes poor hygiene and inappropriate clothes for the weather. The child's mother appears clean and well dressed. The child reports getting 6 to 7 hours of sleep each night because of texting with friends late each evening. What action by the nurse practitioner will help promote healthy practices? a. Discuss setting clear expectations about self-care with the mother b. Give the child information about sleep and self-care c. Reassure the mother that this "non-compliance" is temporary d. Tell the mother that experimenting with self-care behaviors is normal
a
A 10monthold infant who is new to the clinic has chronic hepatitis B infection. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do to manage this infant's disease? a. Consult a pediatric infectious disease specialist. b. Prescribe interferonalfa. c. Provide supportive care. d. Consider use of lamivudine.
a
A 12yearold child is brought to the clinic with joint pain, a 3week history of lowgrade fever, and a facial rash. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner palpates an enlarged liver 2 cm below the subcostal margin along with diffuse lymphadenopathy. An ANA test is positive. Which test may be ordered to confirm a diagnosis of SLE? a. Antidoublestrand DNA antibodies b. AntiLa antibodies c. AntiRo antibodies d. AntiSm antibodies
a
A 12yearold child who plays soccer is diagnosed with vocal cord dysfunction. What will the primary care nurse practitioner say when the child's parents ask about continued sports participation? a. The child may continue to participate in soccer. b. The child should limit activity to nonaerobic sports. c. This condition is a contraindication for all sports. d. This condition predisposes the child to sudden cardiac death.
a
A 2monthold infant will receive initial immunizations, and the parent asks about giving medications to increase the infant's comfort and minimize fever. What will the pediatric nurse practitioner recommend? a. Administering ibuprofen or acetaminophen as needed b. Avoiding antipyretics if possible to attain better immunity c. Giving ibuprofen and acetaminophen only after the vaccines d. Pretreating the infant with both ibuprofen and acetaminophen
a
A 3yearold child whose immunizations are uptodate has been exposed to measles because of a localized outbreak among unvaccinated children. The parent reports that contact with infected children occurred within the last 2 days at a birthday party. What is the best course of action? a. Administer the MMR vaccine to help prevent disease. b. Give antiviral medications at the first sign of symptoms. c. Give the child a dose of immune globulin to mitigate the response. d. Reassure the parent that most exposed children will not get measles.
a
A 4monthold infant has a history of reddened, dry, itchy skin. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes fine papules on the extensor aspect of the infant's arms, anterior thighs, and lateral aspects of the cheeks. What is the initial treatment? a. Moisturizers b. Oral antihistamines c. Topical corticosteroids d. Wet wrap therapy
a
A 4yearold child has just been released from the hospital after orthopedic surgery on one leg following a bicycle accident. The child is sitting quietly on the exam table. When asked to rate pain, the child points to the "1" on a faces rating pain scale. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do next? a. Assess the child's vital signs and ability to walk without pain. b. Refill the prescription for a narcotic analgesic medication. c. Suggest that the parents give acetaminophen for mild pain. d. Teach the parent to give analgesics based on the child's report of pain.
a
A 5yearold child who has a history of pertussis infection as an infant is in the clinic for immunizations prior to kindergarten. Which vaccine will be given? a. DTaP b. DTP c. Td d. Tdap
a
A 9yearold child exhibits school refusal and a reluctance to attend sleepovers with classmates. The parent is concerned because the child has recently begun sleeping in the parents' bed. Which initial action by the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is appropriate? a. Assess for environmental stress, parental dysfunction, and maternal depression. b. Ask about recent traumatic events that may have precipitated this behavior. c. Consider a possible pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder cause. d. Recommend firm insistence on school and activity attendance.
a
A child is brought to the clinic with a fever, headache, malaise, and a red, annular macule surrounded by an area of clearing and a larger, erythematous annular ring. The child complains of itching at the site. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do to determine the diagnosis? a. Ask about recent tick bites b. Obtain a skin culture c. Order blood cultures d. Perform serologic testing
a
A child who has been diagnosed with asthma for several years has been using a shortacting B2agonist (SABA) to control symptoms. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that the child has recently begun using the SABA two or three times each week to treat wheezing and shortness of breath. The child currently has clear breath sounds and an FEV1 of 75% of personal best. What will the nurse practitioner do next? a. Add a daily inhaled corticosteroid. b. Administer 3 SABA treatments. c. Continue the current treatment. d. Order an oral corticosteroid.
a
A newly divorced mother of a toddler reports that the child began having difficulty sleeping and nightmares along with exhibiting angry outbursts and tantrums 2 months prior. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that the child refuses to play with usual playmates and often spends time sitting quietly. What will the nurse practitioner doinitially? a. Ask the mother about the child's relationship with the father. b. Consult with a child psychiatrist to prescribe medications. c. Recommend cognitive behavioral or psychodynamic therapy. d. Refer the family to a child behavioral specialist for counseling.
a
A pharmaceutical company has developed a new drug that was tested only on adults. The FDA has declared this drug to have potential benefits for ill children. According to the Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA), what may the pharmaceutical company be required to do? a. Conduct pediatric drug studies to determine whether the drug is safe and effective in children. b. Provide labeling stating that the safety and efficacy of the drug is not established for children. c. Receive a patent extension for conducting pediatric studies to determine use in children. d. Survey existing data about the drug to determine potential use in the pediatric population.
a
A preschool-age child is seen in the clinic after waking up a temperature of 102.2°F, swelling and erythema of the upper lid of one eye, and moderate pain when looking from side to side. Which course of treatment is correct? a. Admit to the hospital for intravenous antibiotics. b. Obtain a lumbar puncture and blood culture. c. Order warm compresses 4 times daily for 5 days. d. Prescribe a 10 to 14day course of oral antibiotics.
a
A schoolage child is seen in the clinic after a fragment from a glass bottle flew into the eye. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Refer immediately to an ophthalmologist. b. Attempt to visualize the glass fragment. c. Irrigate the eye with sterile saline. d. Instill a topical anesthetic.
a
An adolescent exhibits mild depressive symptoms and tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that he is most concerned about difficulty falling and staying asleep. The adolescent does not want to take medication to treat the depressive symptoms. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. A program of sleep hygiene and gradual sleep extension b. A sedativenarcotic will help both sleep and depression c. Cognitive therapy can help the adolescent to sleep better d. Using an antidepressant will improve sleep patterns
a
An unimmunized schoolage child whose mother is in her first trimester of pregnancy is diagnosed with rubella after a local outbreak. What will the primary care pediatricnurse practitioner recommend? a. Assessment of maternal rubella titers b. Intravenous immunoglobulin for the child c. MMR vaccine for the mother and child d. Possible termination of the pregnancy
a
During a well child exam of a schoolage child, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that the child has been having angry episodes at school. The nurse practitioner observes the child to appear withdrawn and sad. Which action is appropriate? a. Ask the child and the parent about stressors at home b. Make a referral to a child behavioral specialist c. Provide information about anger management d. Suggest consideration of a different
a
During a well child examination, a 15yearold female tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that some of her friends have begun having sex. She has a boyfriend but denies engaging in sex with him. What will the nurse practitioner do initially? a. Ask her for her definitions of "sex." b. Discuss the risks of sexually transmitted diseases. c. Find out if she is considering sexual relations. d. Give her information about contraception.
a
During an assessment of a 4weekold infant, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that a breastfed infant nurses every 2 hours during the day but is able to sleep for a 4hour period during the night. The infant has gained 20 grams per day in the interval since last seen in the clinic. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Continuing to nurse the infant using the current pattern b. Nursing the infant for longer periods every 4 hours c. Supplementing with formula at the last nighttime feeding d. Waking the infant every 2hours to nurse during the night
a
The mother of a 15yearold adolescent female tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that her daughter has extreme mood swings prior to her periods, which the adolescent vehemently denies. When asked if she notices anything different just before her periods, the adolescent points to her mother and says, "She gets really hard to live with." This demonstrates which characteristic of adolescent thinking? a. Apparent hypocrisy b. Imaginary audience c. Overthinking d. Personal fable
a
The mother of a 6monthold infant is distressed because the infant can say "dada" but not "mama" and asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner why this is when she is the one who spends more time with the infant. How will the nurse practitioner respond? a. At this age, your baby does not understand the meaning of sounds b. Babies at this age cannot make the 'ma' sound c. Most sounds made by babies at this age are accidental d. This may mean that your baby doesn't hear well
a
The mother of a newborn infant asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner about pumping her breasts when she returns to work in 2 months. What will the nurse practitioner include in teaching this mother? a. Frozen breast milk may be stored up to 3 months in a 0° F freezer. b. Once she begins pumping the infant should drink only pumped breast milk. c. Pumped breast milk must be discarded after 3 days when stored in the refrigerator. d. Unused defrosted breast milk may be stored in the refrigerator for 48 hours.
a
The parent of a 14yearold child asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner how to help the child prevent injuries when basketball tryouts begin later in the school year. Which recommendation will be of most benefit? a. Preseason conditioning b. Proper footwear c. Protective knee braces d. Stretching before practices
a
The parent of a 15yearold male is concerned that he refuses to eat meals with the family and consumes only protein drinks. The adolescent is on the track team at school and spends much of his time training and working out. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes that his weight and BMI have dropped from the 20th percentile to the 3rd percentile in the past year. This child most likely has a problem with a. body image. b. personal identity. c. role performance. d. selfesteem.
a
The parent of a 16yearold tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the teen was recently caught smoking an electronic cigarette (ecigarette). What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent? a. Ecigarette use may be a risk factor for later substance abuse. b. Experimentation with ecigarettes does not lead to future tobacco use. c. Most teens who experiment with tobacco usually do not become addicted. d. This form of nicotine ingestion is safer than regular cigarettes.
a
The parent of a 3yearold child tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child has never been able to fall asleep without a parent in the room. The child has a new sibling and the parent is concerned that the toddler's cries will awaken the infant. What will the nurse practitioner counsel the parent? a. Leaving the room as the child is falling asleep and returning at intervals to check on the child b. Offering a reward for each night the child falls asleep without the parent in the room c. Putting the child to bed at the same time every night and ignoring all sleep interfering behaviors d. Taking away a favorite activity or video for each night the child fusses about the parent not being in the room
a
The parent of a 4yearold child reports that the child seems to be having trouble adjusting to a new day care and reportedly is always engaging in solitary play when the parent arrives to pick up the child. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Ask the parent if the child is slow to warm up to other new situations. b. Reassure the parent that parallel play is common among preschoolage children. c. Recommend that the parent spend time encouraging the child to play with others. d. Suggest that the day care center may be neglecting the child.
a
The parent of a 5monthold is worried because the infant becomes fussy but doesn't always seem interested in nursing. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent? a. The infant may be expressing a desire to play or to rest b. The parent should give ibuprofen for teething pain before nursing c. This is an indication that the infant is ready for solid foods d. This may indicate gastrointestinal discomfort such as constipation
a
The parent of a schoolage child is concerned that the child is going to be short like both parents and worries that he will have difficulty in school if he can't participate in a variety of sports. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do to counsel this parent? a. Encourage the child to engage in regular physical activity. b. Overlook his or her own feelings about this physical characteristic. c. Point out the accomplishments of other short people. d. Steer the child into other activities at school.
a
The parent of a schoolage child reports that the child becomes frustrated when unable to perform tasks well and often has temper tantrums and difficulty sleeping. Which disorder may be considered in this child? a. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) b. Obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD) c. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) d. Separation anxiety disorder (SAD)
a
The parent of a schoolage child reports that the child doesn't like being alone in rooms because of a fear of aliens hiding in closets. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell the parent? a. "Fear of imaginary creatures does not usually occur at this age." b. "I may need to refer your child to a pediatric mental health specialist." c. "Your child is expressing normal fears for a schoolage child." d. "Your child may be watching too much violence on television."
a
The parent of a schoolage child reports that the child usually has allergic rhinitis symptoms beginning each fall and that nonsedating antihistamines are only marginally effective, especially for nasal obstruction symptoms. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Order an intranasal corticosteroid to begin 1 to 2 weeks prior to pollen season. b. Prescribe a decongestant medication as adjunct therapy during pollen season. c. Recommend adding diphenhydramine to the child's regimen for additional relief. d. Suggest using an overthecounter intranasal decongestant.
a
The parent of a schoolage girl reports that the child has difficulty getting ready for school and is often late because of a need to check and recheck whether her teeth are clean and her room light has been turned off. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend to this parent? a. Cognitivebehavioral therapy b. Deferral of treatment until symptoms worsen c. Medication management with an SSRI d. Referral to a child psychiatrist
a
The parent of an adolescent reports noting cutting marks on the teen's arms and asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner what it means. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent? a. Cutting is a way of dealing with emotional distress. b. It is a method of fitting in with other adolescents. c. The behavior is common and will usually stop
a
The parents of a toddler tell the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that they get frustrated trying to get the child to eat any vegetables other than squash and carrots. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Continue to offer a variety of foods without forcing the child to eat them. b. Offer snacks to make up for calories the child misses by not eating the vegetables. c. Prepare dishes the child likes to ensure that a vegetable is eaten at each meal. d. Require the child to take 1 to 2 bites of each food at each meal
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner cares for a preschoolage child who was exposed to drugs prenatally. The child bites other children and has tantrums when asked to stop but is able to state later why this behavior is wrong. This child most likely has a disorder of a. executive function. b. information processing. c. sensory processing. d. social cognition.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner counseling the parent of an overweight schoolage child about improving overall fitness. What will the nurse practitioner include? a. Encourage the child to begin by engaging in swimming or cycling. b. Exercise will help lower total cholesterol and lowdensity lipoproteins. c. Schoolage children need 60 minutes of moderate exercise daily. d. Strength training exercises are not safe for schoolage children.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner evaluates a 4yearold girl whose parent reports frequent urination in the evenings on weekdays, incontinence after voiding. The parent reports that the child has soft formed stools 5 or 6 times weekly. Which assessment will the nurse practitioner make initially? a. Examination for labial adhesions b. Palpation for abdominal masses c. Screening for potential child abuse d. Urine culture and sensitivity
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is assessing a special needs schoolage child whose family has just moved to the area. What is a priority concern at this initial visit? a. Asking the parents to describe the child's illness, treatments, and unique needs b. Connecting the family to local support groups, school programs, and resources c. Gathering information about financial concerns related to the child's condition d. Providing expert information about the child's condition and its management
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is considering use of a relatively new drug for a 15monthold child. The drug is metabolized by the liver, so the nurse practitioner will consult a pharmacologist to discuss giving the drug: a. less often or at a lower dose. b. more often or at a higher dose. c. via a parenteral route. d. via the oral route.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is considering using a drug for an "offlabel" use in a child. The nurse practitioner has used the drug in a similar situation previously, has consulted a pharmacology resource and the FDA website, and has determined that there are no significant contraindications and warnings for this child. What else must the nurse practitioner do when prescribing this drug? a. Discuss recommendations with the parents and document their consent. b. Document anecdotal reports of previous use of the drug by other providers. c. Follow up daily with the parents to determine safe administration of the drug. d. Report this use to the FDA Medwatch website for tracking purposes.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling a new parent about ways to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). What will the nurse practitioner include when discussing SIDS? a. Bedsharing with infants greatly increases the risk of SIDS. b. Breastfeeding does not appear to have any influence on SIDS risk. c. Infants who attend day care have a higher than usual incidence of SIDS. d. There is no difference in SIDS rates in immunized versus nonimmunized infants.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling an adolescent who was recently hospitalized for an asthma exacerbation and learns that the child usually forgets to use twice daily inhaled corticosteroid medications that are supposed to be given at 0800 and 2000 each day. Which strategy may be useful in this case to improve adherence? a. Ask the adolescent to identify two times each day that may work better. b. Consider having the school nurse supervise medication administration. c. Prescribing a daily oral corticosteroid medication instead. d. Suggest that the parent enforce the medication regimen each day.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling the parents of a toddler about appropriate discipline. The parents report that the child is very active and curious, and they are worried about the potential for injury. What will the pediatric nurse practitioner recommend? a. Allow the child to explore and experiment while providing appropriate limits b. Be present while the child plays to continually teach the child what is appropriate c. Let the child experiment at will and to make mistakes in order to learn d. Say "no" whenever the child does something that is not acceptable
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is discussing fitness and exercise with the parents of a 5yearold child who ask what kinds of activities are developmentally appropriate for their child. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Bike riding b. Interactive play c. Martial arts d. Organized sports
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is discussing lifestyle changes with an adolescent who has hypertension. What will the nurse practitioner recommend about exercise for this client? a. Regular to vigorous activity initially with a combination of resistance and aerobic exercise to maintain lower blood pressure b. Moderate daily exercise such as walking for 20 minutes daily with increasing intensity as blood pressure drops c. Vigorous aerobic exercise combined with maximal strength training to lower blood pressure d. Vigorous aerobic exercise only to reduce blood pressure and then to maintain lowered blood pressure
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is discussing newborn care with a mother who is pregnant with triplets. When counseling the mother about feeding issues, the nurse practitioner will recommend a. developing a plan to rotate breastfeeding for her infants. b. making sure that the triplets are on the same feeding schedule. c. pumping her breasts so she can feed breastmilk to all three. d. supplementing with formula to ensure adequate nutrition.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is discussing toileting issues with the parent of a 3yearold toddler who reports that the child has been toilet trained for several months but has recently been refusing to have bowel movements and is becoming constipated. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Ask the parent about bathroom facilities in the child's day care. b. Refer the child to a gastroenterologist for evaluation of pathology. c. Suggest putting the child in diapers and resuming toilet training in a few weeks. d. Tell the parent that this represents a developmental delay.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a 2yearold with a documented speech delay. Screenings to assess motor skills and cognition are normal, and the child passed a recent hearing test. What will the pediatric nurse practitioner do next? a. Ask the child's parents whether they read to the child b. Give parents educational materials to encourage speech c. Refer the child to an early intervention program d. Suggest that they purchase age-appropriate music videos
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a 4yearold female child for enuresis. The parents reports that the child has never been dry at night and has recently begun having daytime incontinence, usually when at preschool. The nurse practitioner learns that the child does not appear to have an abnormal urine stream. What will the nurse practitioner do next? a. Examine the urethral meatus and labia and obtain a dipstick clean catch urinalysis b. Reassure the parent that the child probably gets distracted and puts off voiding until it is urgent. c. Refer the child to a pediatric urologist for evaluation of possible vesicoureteral reflux. d. Suggest a bladder retraining program and use of a nighttime bedwetting alarm.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a child who has short stature. Although bone age studies reveal a delay in bone age, the child's growth is consistent with bone age. Which diagnosis is most likely? a. Constitutional growth delay b. Growth hormone deficiency c. Idiopathic short stature d. Klinefelter syndrome
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a schoolage child who has been diagnosed with ADHD. Which plan will the nurse practitioner recommend asking the child's school about to help with academic performance? a. 504 b. FAPE c. IDEA d. IEP
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating an 11monthold infant who has had three viral respiratory illnesses causing bronchiolitis. The child's parents both have seasonal allergies and ask whether the infant may have asthma. What will the nurse practitioner tell the parents? a. "Although it is likely, based on family history, it is too soon to tell." b. "There is little reason to suspect that your infant has asthma." c. "With your infant's history of bronchiolitis, asthma is very likely." d. "Your infant has definitive symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of asthma."
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating recurrent stomach pain in a schoolage child. The child's exam is normal. The nurse practitioner learns that the child reports pain most evenings after school and refuses to participate in sports but does not have nausea or vomiting. The child's grandmother recently had gallbladder surgery. Which action is correct? a. Encourage the child to keep a log of pain, stool patterns, and dietary intake b. Order radiologic studies and laboratory tests to rule out systemic causes c. Reassure the child and encourage resuming sports when symptoms subside d. Refer the child to a counselor to discuss anxiety about health problems
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 12monthold infant who was 6 weeks premature and observes that the infant uses a raking motion to pick up small objects. The PEDS questionnaire completed by the parent did not show significant developmental delays. What will the nurse practitioner do first? a. Perform an in-depth developmental assessment b. Reassure the parent that this is normal for a premature infant c. Refer the infant to a developmental specialist d. Suggest activities to improve fine motor skills
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 15yearold female who reports having her first period at age 13. She states that she has had five periods in the last year, with the last one 2 months prior. She participates in basketball at school. Which action is correct? a. Perform biometric screening to determine lean body mass. b. Prescribe oral contraceptives pills to regulate her periods. c. Reassure her that this is perfectly normal at her age. d. Refer her to an endocrinologist for hormonal evaluation.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a newborn who is breastfeeding and notes the presence of an ankyloglossia. What will the nurse practitioner do next? a. Ask the mother if the infant has any feeding difficulties. b. Refer the infant for a possible frenulectomy. c. Schedule an appointment with a lactation consultant. d. Suggest that the mother feed breast milk by bottle.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a schoolage child who complains of frequent stomach pain and headaches. The parent reports that the child misses several days of school each month. The child has a normal exam. Before proceeding with further diagnostic tests, what will the nurse practitioner initially ask the parent? a. About the timing of the symptoms each day and during the week b. How well the child performs in school and in extracurricular activities c. If the parent feels a strong need to protect the child from problems d. Whether there are any unusual stressors or circumstances at home
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a toddler who is below the 3rd percentile for weight even though the parents claim that the child eats "constantly." What will the nurse practitioner do initially? a. Evaluate the child's feeding and elimination behaviors and ask the family to describe mealtime routines. b. Recommend giving a multivitamin and offering highcalorie foods, such as ice cream. c. Refer the child to a feeding evaluation clinic for a swallow study and evaluation of possible GERD. d. Suggest that the parents supplement the child's food intake with a highcalorie formula.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a young child who has cerebral palsy. Which part of the family history raises concerns about potential child maltreatment? a. Limited financial resources b. Mother works outside the home c. No membership in a church
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is managing a 6yearold child who has chronic constipation and encopresis. The nurse practitioner has ruled out neurogenic etiology. The parents report that the child was difficult to toilet train as a toddler. What is key to managing this child's condition a. Encouraging use of maintenance medications for at least 2 months after resolution of constipation b. Referral to a mental health consultant to manage problems in the parentchild dyad c. Spending time with the parents to uncover their feelings about their child's condition d. Teaching the parents that the symptom of stool retention is often voluntary for the child
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a preparticipation sports physical examination on a 14yearold male who will be on the wrestling team at school. What will the nurse practitioner include when discussing healthy practices with this adolescent? a. Risks associated with repeatedly losing and gaining weight b. The need for an electrocardiogram or echocardiogram prior to participation c. The need to consume 20 to 30 grams of protein after exercise d. To consume water with CHO prior to activity lasting up to an hour
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child exam on a 17yearold female whose mother is present during the history. The mother expresses concern that her daughter wishes to have an eyebrow piercing and states that she is opposed to the idea. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Provide information about piercings and encourage continued discussion. b. Remind the adolescent that her mother is responsible for her health. c. State that piercings are relatively harmless and are an expression of individuality. d. Suggest that she wait until she is 18 years old and can make her own decisions.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child exam on a 4monthold infant who is nursing exclusively. The mother reports that the infant has had a marked decrease in the number of stools each day, from 3 to 5 stools each day to only one stool every other day. How will the nurse practitioner respond? a. Ask the mother to describe the color and consistency of the stools. b. Explain to the mother that breastfed infants should have daily stools. c. Recommend using a glycerin suppository as needed. d. Suggest to the mother that she increase her intake of fluids.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a high school age adolescent who plays football who has hypercalciuria. Which dietary supplement will the nurse practitioner question the adolescent about? a. Protein supplements b. Salt tablets c. Sports drinks d. Vitamin C
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a wellbaby checkup on a 6monthold infant and notes a candida diaper rash and oral thrush. The infant has had two ear infections in the past 2 months and is in the 3rd percentile for weight. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Order a CBC with differential and platelets and quantitative immunoglobulins. b. Order candida and pneumococcal skin tests and lymphocyte surface markers. c. Refer the infant to an immunologist for evaluation of immunodeficiency. d. Refer the infant to an otolaryngologist to evaluate recurrent otitis media.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing an examination on a 2yearold child who has been placed in emergency foster care with a grandparent after the child's mother has been arrested for drug use. The child has a history of asthma with frequent exacerbations because of parental smoking. What is a priority for the nurse practitioner at this visit? a. Evaluation of financial resources, medical insurance, and access to health care and medications b. Providing a list of websites and communitybased support groups for grandparents parenting grandchildren c. Referral to a social worker to help the child deal with emotional conflict related to separation from the parent d. Teaching the grandparent about the need for consistency in routines and discipline for the child
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is preparing to conduct a well child assessment of an 8yearold child. How will the nurse practitioner begin the exam? a. Ask the child about school, friends, home activities, and sports b. Discuss the purpose of the visit and explain the procedures that will be performed c. Offer age-appropriate information about usual developmental tasks d. Provide information about healthy nutrition and physical activities
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is reviewing lab work and diabetes management with a schoolage child whose HbA1C is 7.6% who reports usual blood sugars before meals as being 80 to 90 mg/dL. The nurse practitioner will consult with the child's endocrinologist to consider which therapy? a. Continuous glucose monitoring b. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion c. Selfmonitoring of blood glucose d. Use of a longacting insulin analogue
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is reviewing medical records for a newborn that is new to the clinic. The toddler's mother was found to be HIV positive during her pregnancy with this child and received antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. The child was born by cesarean section, begun on antiretroviral prophylaxis, and did not breastfeed. What is the correct management for this child? a. Consult with a pediatric HIV specialist. b. Discontinue cART after 4 weeks of age. c. Obtain a CD4+ cell count and HIV RNA levels. d. Reinforce the need to give cART for life.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a physical examination on a 9monthold infant with congenital hypothyroidism who takes daily levothyroxine sodium and notes a recent slowing of the infant's growth rate. What will the nurse practitioner order? a. Free serum T4 and TSH levels b. thyroxine level c. Total T4 and free T4 levels d. TSH and total T4 levels
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a well child assessment on a 6monthold infant whose mother reports having less breast milk because of stressors associated with pumping and returning to work. The nurse practitioner will provide resources to promote pumping and a. discuss adding other foods to the baby's diet. b. encourage the mother to increase her fluid intake. c. prescribe a multivitamin containing iron. d. suggest offering only breast milk to the infant.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a well child examination on a 1monthold. The infant was recently discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit after treatment with parenteral acyclovir for a neonatal herpetic infection and is currently taking oral acyclovir. What will the nurse practitioner do to manage this infant's care? a. Obtain regular absolute neutrophil counts. b. Perform routine skin cultures for herpes simplex virus. c. Reinforce the need to give acyclovir indefinitely. d. Stop the oral acyclovir at 2 months of age.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a well child examination on a 9monthold infant who has a history of prematurity at 28 weeks' gestation. The infant was treated for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and all symptoms have resolved. When will the infant need an ophthalmologic exam? a. At 12 months of age b. At 24 months of age c. At 48 months of age d. At 60 months of age
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner sees a 3yearold child whose parents report is a picky eater in spite of their continued efforts to provide nutritious meals. The parents ask whether a multivitamin is necessary. How will the nurse practitioner respond? a. Ask the parents to provide a 3day food diary. b. Prescribe a daily multivitamin with iron. c. Reinforce the need to meet DRIs each day. d. Tell them that supplements are unnecessary
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner sees a child for followup care after hospitalization for ARF. The child has polyarthritis but no cardiac involvement. What will the nurse practitioner teach the family about ongoing care for this child? a. Aspirin is given for 2 weeks and then tapered to discontinue the medication. b. Prophylactic amoxicillin will need to be given for 5 years. c. Steroids will be necessary to prevent development of heart disease. d. The child will need complete bedrest until all symptoms subside.
a
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner uses the Neurodevelopmental Learning Framework to assess cognition and learning in an adolescent. When evaluating social cognition, the nurse practitioner will ask the adolescent a. about friends and activities at school. b. if balancing sports and homework is difficult. c. to interpret material from a pie chart. d. to restate the content of something just read.
a
What is the most important doselimiting factor when prescribing acetaminophen with hydrocodone? a. Acetaminophen dose b. Gastrointestinal side effects c. Pruritis symptoms d. Urinary retention
a
Which lab value is most concerning in an infant with fever and a suspected bacterial infection? a. Creactive protein of 11.5 mg/L b. Lymphocyte count of 8.7 c. Platelet count of 475 d. White blood cell count of 14
a
1. A child complains of itching in both ears and is having trouble hearing. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes periauricular edema and marked swelling of the external auditory canal and elicits severe pain when manipulating the external ear structures. Which is an appropriate intervention? a. Obtain a culture of the external auditory canal. b. Order ototopical antibiotic/corticosteroid drops. c. Prescribe oral amoxicillinclavulanate. d. Refer the child to an otolaryngologist.
b
1. When performing a neurologic exam to assess for meningeal signs in an infant, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will attempt to elicit the Kernig sign by a. bending the infant at the waist to touch fingers to toes. b. extending the leg at the knee with the infant supine. c. flexing the infant's neck to touch chin to chest. d. turning the infant's head from side to side.
b
10. A 9monthold infant has a grade III/VI, harsh, rumbling, continuous murmur in the left infraclavicular fossa and pulmonic area. A chest radiograph reveals cardiac enlargement. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will refer the infant to a pediatric cardiologist and prepare the parents for which intervention to repair this defect? a. Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery b. Coil insertion in the catheterization laboratory c. Indomethacin administration d. Observation for spontaneous closure
b
10. The parents of an 18monthold child bring the child to the clinic after observing a brief seizure of less than 2 minutes in their child. In the clinic, the child has a temperature of 103.1°F, and the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes a left otitis media. The child is alert and responding normally. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Order a lumbar puncture, complete blood count, and urinalysis. b. Prescribe an antibiotic for the ear infection and reassure the parents. c. Refer to a pediatric neurologist for anticonvulsant and antipyretic prophylaxis. d. Send the child to the emergency department for EEG and possible MRI.
b
10. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes a small, round object in a child's external auditory canal, near the tympanic membrane. The child's parent thinks it is probably a dried pea. What will the nurse practitioner do to remove this object? a. Irrigate the external auditory canal to flush out the object. b. Refer the child to an otolaryngologist for removal. c. Remove the object with a wire loop curette. d. Use a bayonet forceps to grasp and remove the object.
b
11. A child is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome, and the pediatric nurse practitioner provides primary care in consultation with a pediatric nephrologist. The child was treated with steroids and responded well to this treatment. What will the nurse practitioner tell the child's parents about this disease? a. "Future episodes are likely to have worse outcomes." b. "Steroids will be used when relapses occur." c. "This represents a cure from this disease" d. "Your child will need to take steroids indefinitely."
b
12. A child who has nephrotic syndrome is on a steroids and a saltrestricted diet for a relapse of symptoms. A dipstick urinalysis shows 1+ protein, down from 3+ at the beginning of the episode. In consultation with the child's nephrologist, what is the correct course of treatment considering this finding? a. Being a taper of the steroid medication while continuing salt restrictions. b. Continue with steroids and salt restrictions until the urine is negative for protein. c. Discontinue the steroids and salt restrictions now that improvement has occurred d. Relax salt restrictions and continue administration of steroids until proteinuria is gone.
b
12. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner diagnoses acute otitis media in a 2yearold child who has a history of three ear infections in the first 6 months of life. The child's tympanic membrane is intact and the child has a temperature of 101.5°F. What will the nurse practitioner prescribe for this child? a. Amoxicillin twice daily for 10 days b. An analgesic medication and watchful waiting c. Antibiotic ear drops and ibuprofen d. Ceftriaxone given once intramuscularly
b
13. A schoolage child has recurrent diarrhea with foulsmelling stools, excessive flatus, abdominal distension, and failuretothrive. A 2week lactosefree trial failed to reduce symptoms. What is the next step in diagnosing this condition? a. Lactose hydrogen breath test b. Serologic testing for celiac disease c. Stool for ova and parasites d. Sweat chloride test for cystic fibrosis
b
13. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a schoolage child who has a history of cancer treated with cranial irradiation. What will the nurse practitioner monitor in this child? a. Cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias b. Leukoencephalopathy c. Obesity and gonadal dysfunction d. Peripheral neuropathy and hearing loss
b
14. A child is diagnosed with Crohn disease. What are likely complications for this child? a. Cancer of the colon and possible colectomy b. Intestinal obstruction with scarring and strictures c. Intestinal perforation and hemorrhage d. Liver disease and sepsis
b
14. An adolescent has rightsided flank pain without fever. A dipstick urinalysis reveals gross hematuria without signs of infection or bacteriuria, and the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner diagnoses possible nephrolithiasis. What is the initial treatment for this condition? a. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) b. Increasing fluid intake up to 2L daily c. Percutaneous removal of renal calculi d. Referral to a pediatric nephrologist
b
15. A 12monthold infant exhibits poor weight gain after previously normal growth patterns. There is no history of vomiting, diarrhea, or irregular bowel movements, and the physical exam is normal. What is the next step in evaluating these findings? a. Complete blood count and electrolytes b. Feeding and stooling history and 3day diet history c. Stool cultures for ova and parasites d. Swallow study with videofluoroscopy
b
15. A 5yearold child has an elevated blood pressure during a well child exam. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes mottling and pallor of the child's feet and lower legs and auscultates a systolic ejection murmur in the left infraclavicular region radiating to the child's back. The nurse practitioner will suspect which condition? a. Aortic stenosis b. Coarctation of the aorta c. Patent ductus arteriosus d. Pulmonic stenosis
b
15. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner prescribes metformin for a 15yearold adolescent newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. What will the nurse practitioner include when teaching the adolescent about this drug? a. That insulin therapy will be necessary in the future b. The importance of checking blood glucose 3 or 4 times daily c. To consume a diet with foods that are high in vitamin B12 d. To use a stool softener to prevent gastrointestinal side effects
b
16. A 2yearold child has an acute diarrheal illness. The child is afebrile and, with oral rehydration measures, has remained well hydrated. The parent asks what can be done to help shorten the course of this illness. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend? a. Clear liquids only b. Lactobacillus c. Loperamide d. Peppermint oil
b
16. A 6monthold infant has a retractile testis that was noted at the 2month well baby exam. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do to manage this condition? a. Reassure the parent that the testis will most likely descend into place on its own b. Refer the infant to a pediatric urologist or surgeon for possible orchiopexy c. Teach the parent to manipulate the testis into the scrotum during diaper changes d. Tell the parent that hormonal therapy may be needed to correct the condition
b
17. A 9monthold infant is brought to the clinic with scrotal swelling and fussiness. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes a tender mass in the affected scrotum that is difficult to reduce. What is the correct action? a. Obtain an abdominal radiograph b. Refer immediately to a pediatric surgeon c. Schedule an appointment with a pediatric urologist d. Teach the parents signs of incarceration
b
17. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner manages care in conjunction with a pediatric pulmonologist for a child with cystic fibrosis. Which medication regimen is used to facilitate airway clearance for this child? a. Ibuprofen and azithromycin b. Inhaled dornase alfa c. Ivacaftor d. Prophylactic clindamycin
b
2. A complete blood count on a 12monthold infant reveals microcytic, hypochromic anemia with a hemoglobin of 9.5 g/dL. The infant has mild pallor with no hepatosplenomegaly. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner suspects a. hereditary spherocytosis. b. irondeficiency anemia. c. lead intoxication. d. sicklecell anemia.
b
3. A dipstick urinalysis is positive for leukocyte esterase and nitrites in a schoolage child with dysuria and foulsmelling urine but no fever who has not had previous urinary tract infections. A culture is pending. What will the pediatric nurse practitioner do to treat this child? a. Order ciprofloxacin ER once daily for 3 days if the culture is positive b. Prescribe trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP) twice daily for 3 to 5 days. c. Reassure the child's parents that this is likely an asymptomatic bacteriuria d. Wait for urine culture results to determine the correct course of treatment.
b
3. An 18monthold child with no previous history of otitis media awoke during the night with right ear pain. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes an axillary temperature of 100.5°F and an erythematous, bulging tympanic membrane. A tympanogram reveals of peak of +150 mm H2O. What is the recommended treatment for this child? a. Amoxicillin 80 to 90 mg/kg/day in two divided doses b. An analgesic medication and watchful waiting c. Ceftriaxone 50 to 75 mg/kg/dose IM given once d. Ototopical antibiotic drops twice daily for 5 days
b
4. A preschoolage child with no previous history has mild flank pain and fever but no abdominal pain or vomiting. A urinalysis is positive for leukocyte esterase and nitrites. A culture is pending. Which is the correct course of treatment for this child? a. Hospitalize for intravenous antibiotics b. Order amoxicillin clavulanate c. Prescribe trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole d. Refer for a voiding cystourethrogram
b
4. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child exam on an 8yearold girl and notes the presence of breast buds. What will the nurse practitioner include when initiating anticipatory guidance for this patient? a. A discussion about the risks of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases b. Information about sexual maturity and menstrual periods c. Material about the human papillomavirus vaccine d. Sexual orientation and the nature of sexual relationships
b
4. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a Hirschberg test to evaluate a. color vision. b. ocular alignment. c. peripheral vision. d. visual acuity.
b
4. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner provides primary care for a 4monthold infant who has a ventricular septal defect. The infant has been breastfeeding well but in the past month has dropped from the 20th percentile to the 5th for weight. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Adding solid foods to the infant's diet to increase caloric intake b. Fortifying breast milk to increase the number of calories per ounce c. Stopping breastfeeding and giving 30 kcal/ounce formula d. Supplementing breastfeeding with 24 kcal/ounce formula
b
5. During a well baby exam on a 9monthold infant, the parent reports that the baby always uses the left hand to pick up objects and asks if the baby will be lefthanded. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Explain that it is too soon to tell which hand the infant will prefer later. b. Perform a careful assessment of fine and gross motor skill c. Teach the parent to encourage the infant to use both hands. d. Tell the parent that a hand preference usually develops between 6 and 12 months.
b
6. An adolescent has suspected infectious mononucleosis after exposure to the virus in the past week. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner examines the adolescent and notes exudate on the tonsils, soft palate petechiae, and diffuse adenopathy. Which test will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner perform to confirm the diagnosis? a. Complete blood count b. EBV-specific antibody testing c. Heterophile antibody testing d. Throat culture
b
7. A 2monthold infant cries up to 4 hours each day and, according to the parents, is inconsolable during crying episodes with fists and legs noted to be tense and stiff. The infant is breastfeeding frequently but is often fussy during feedings. The physical exam is normal and the infant is gaining weight normally. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend? a. A complete workup, including laboratory and radiologic tests b. Eliminating certain foods from the mother's diet c. Empiric treatment with a proton pump inhibitor medication d. Stopping breastfeeding and beginning a hydrolyzed formula
b
7. A child with a history of otitis externa asks about ways to prevent this condition. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend? a. Cleaning ear canals well after swimming b. Drying the ear canal with a hair dryer c. Swimming only in chlorinated pools d. Using cerumenolytic agents daily
b
7. The parent of a toddler diagnosed with grade V vesicoureteral reflux asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner how the disease will be treated. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent? a. That long-term antibiotic prophylaxis will prevent scarring b. That surgery to correct the condition is possible c. That the child will most likely require kidney transplant d. That the condition will probably resolve spontaneously
b
7. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner sees a 12monthold infant who is being fed goat's milk and a vegetarian diet. The child is pale and has a beefyred, sore tongue and oral mucous membranes. Which tests will the nurse practitioner order to evaluate this child's condition? a. Hemoglobin electrophoresis b. RBC folate, iron, and B12 levels c. Reticulocyte levels d. Serum lead levels
b
8. A child is in the clinic after swallowing a metal bead. A radiograph of the GI tract shows a 6 mm cylindrical object in the child's stomach. The child is able to swallow without difficulty and is not experiencing pain. What is the correct course of treatment? a. Administer ipecac to induce vomiting. b. Have the parents watch for the object in the child's stool. c. Insert a nasogastric tube to flush out the object. d. Refer the child for endoscopic removal of the object.
b
9. A child who has had a single nonfebrile seizure has a normal neurologic exam. Which diagnostic test is indicated? a. CT b. EEG c. MRI d. Polysomnography
b
A 10yearold is hit in the head with a baseball during practice and is diagnosed with concussion, even though no loss of consciousness occurred. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating the child 2 weeks after the injury and learns that the child is still experiencing some sleepiness every day. The neurological exam is normal. The child and the parent are adamant that the child be allowed to return to play baseball. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Continuation of cognitive rest only b. Continuation of physical and cognitive rest c. Continuation of physical rest only d. Returning to play
b
A 2monthold infant has a staccato cough and fever. Which aspect of the history is most important in determining the diagnosis? a. Day care attendance b. Immunization history c. Medication history d. Past medical history
b
A 3yearold child is recovering from injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. How will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner evaluate this child's pain? a. Ask the child to rate pain intensity on a 4 to 5item pain discrimination scale. b. Have the child describe any pain as "no pain, a little pain, or a lot of pain." c. Question the child about the intensity and specific location of any pain. d. Rely on nonverbal responses such as facial expressions and limb movements.
b
A 5yearold child who received VariZIG after exposure to varicella while immunocompromised during chemotherapy is in the clinic 5 months after stopping chemotherapy for kindergarten vaccines. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner order for this child? a. MMR and Tdap b. MMR, Varivax, Tdap c. Tdap only d. Varivax and Tdap
b
A 7yearold child whose immunizations are uptodate has a fever, headache, stiff neck, and photophobia. What course of treatment is indicated? a. Empiric treatment with oral antibiotics or intramuscular ceftriaxone b. Hospitalization for diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics c. Immediate vaccination with meningococcal vaccine d. Outpatient lab work, including a CBC and blood and CSF cultures
b
A child has a fever and arthralgia. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that the child had a sore throat 3 weeks prior and auscultates a murmur in the clinic. Which test will the nurse practitioner order? a. AntiDNase B test b. ASO titer c. Rapid strep test d. Throat culture
b
A child who has attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has difficulty stopping activities to begin other activities at school. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner understands that this is due to difficulty with the selfregulation component of a. emotional control. b. flexibility. c. inhibition. d. problemsolving.
b
A child who is immunocompromised has a fever and a rash consisting of macules papules, and pustules. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Administer varicella immune globulin (VariZIG). b. Hospitalize the child for intravenous acyclovir. c. Order intravenous immunoglobulin as an outpatient. d. Prescribe oral acyclovir for the duration of the illness.
b
A child with a history of a pustular rash at the site of a cat scratch on one arm now has warm, tender, swollen axillary lymph nodes on the affected side. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes induration and erythema of these nodes. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Obtain a complete blood count and Creactive protein. b. Order an immunofluorescent assay (IFA) for serum antibodies. c. Perform a needle aspiration of the affected lymph nodes. d. Prescribe a 5day course of azithromycin.
b
A middleschoolage child is skipping school frequently and getting poor grades since the child's father was killed while deployed in the military. How will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner manage this situation? a. Prescribe shortterm antidepressants for this situational depression. b. Refer the child to a mental health specialist for evaluation and treatment. c. Schedule extended appointments for counseling and mental health interventio. d. Suggest that the child have close followup by a school counselor.
b
A parent is concerned about vaccine adverse reactions. Based on an Institute of Medicine report, what will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell the parent? a. Administering multiple vaccines may trigger the development of type 1 diabetes. b. The MMR may be linked to febrile seizures in immunocompromised children. c. There is some risk of CNS disorders associated with the hepatitis B vaccine. d. Vaccines containing thimerosol are linked to pervasive developmental disorders.
b
A parent who encourages competitiveness in a child who excels at a single sport but not in others may also encourage a sense of a. competence. b. insecurity. c. significance. d. worthiness.
b
A school-age child has begun refusing all cooked vegetables. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend to the parent? a. Allow the child to make food choices since this is usually a phase b. Ensure that the child has three nutritious meals and two nutritious snacks each day c. Prepare vegetables separately for the child to encourage adequate intake d. Teach the child how important it is to eat healthy fruits and vegetables
b
A toddler is receiving longterm antibiotics to treat osteomyelitis. Which laboratory test will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner order to monitor response to therapy in this child? a. Blood cultures b. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) c. Serum procalcitonin (ProCT) d. White blood count (WBC)
b
According to recent research, which populations may have higher rates of under immunization than others? a. Those with higher rates of Asians b. Those with higher rates of graduate degrees C. Those with lower rates of poverty d. Those with lower rates of primary providers
b
An 18monthold child has bronchopulmonary dysplasia. To help prevent pneumococcal disease, which vaccine will be ordered? a. PCV7 b. PCV13 c. PCV23 d. PCV33
b
An 8yearold boy has a recent history of an upper respiratory infection and comes to the clinic with a maculopapular rash on his lower extremities and swelling and tenderness in both ankles. The pediatric nurse practitioner performs a UA, which shows proteinuria and hematuria and diagnoses HSP. What ongoing evaluation will the nurse practitioner perform during the course of this disease? a. ANA titers b. Blood pressure measurement c. Chest radiographs d. Liver function studies
b
An 8yearold child is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the child's parent asks if there is a cure. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell the parent? a. Complete remission occurs in some children at the age of puberty. b. Periods of remission may occur but there is no permanent cure. c. SLE can be cured with effective medication and treatment. d. The disease is always progressive with no cure and no remissions.
b
An adolescent is diagnosed with major depression, and the mental health specialist has prescribed fluoxetine. What other treatment is important to protect against suicide risk? a. Addition of risperidone therapy b. Cognitivebehavioral therapy c. Family therapy d. Hospitalization
b
During a well child examination on a 4monthold infant, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner evaluates mental health issues. Which statement by the parent indicates a potential problem with the parentinfant relationship? a. "I can sense a difference in my baby's cries." b. "I let my baby cry a while to learn to be patient." c. "My baby prefers to nurse in a darkened room." d. "My baby seems very sensitive to loud noises."
b
During a well child examination, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that a 5yearold child has had several episodes of walking out of the bedroom after falling asleep, looking dazed, with open eyes, and saying things that don't make sense. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Establishing a graduated extinction program and good sleep hygiene b. Making sure that stairs are blocked and doors are locked c. Referral to a sleep disorder clinic for evaluation of a parasomnia d. To awaken the child when these occur and asking about nightmares
b
During a wellbaby assessment on a 1weekold infant who had a normal exam when discharged from the newborn nursery 2 days prior, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes moderate eyelid swelling, bulbar conjunctival injections, and moderate amounts of thick, purulent discharge. What is the likely diagnosis? a. Chemicalinduced conjunctivitis b. Chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis c. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) conjunctivitis d. Neisseria gonorrhea conjunctivitis
b
The mother of a 15monthold infant tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that she wishes to continue nursing her child for another year, if possible. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Breastfeed only at bedtime to establish meal patterns. b. Clean the toddler's teeth each time after breastfeeding. c. Offer the breast just prior to meals to maintain milk supply. d. The toddler should continue to be breastfed "on demand."
b
The mother of a 3monthold child tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that it is "so much fun" now that her infant coos and smiles and wants to play. What is important for the nurse practitioner to teach this mother? a. Appropriate ways to stimulate and entertain the infant b. How to read the infant's cues for overstimulation c. The importance of scheduling "play dates" with other infants d. To provide musical toys to engage the infant
b
The parent of a 4yearold child reports that the child gets upset when the hall light is left on at night and won't leave the house unless both shoes are tied equally tight. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recognizes that this child likely has which type of sensory processing disorder? a. Dyspraxia b. Overresponder c. Sensory seeker d. Underresponder
b
The parent of a child who has asthma asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner about whether the child may engage in strenuous exercise. What will the nurse practitioner tell the parent? a. Children with asthma should be excluded from vigorous exercise and most strenuous sports. b. Children with asthma show improved aerobic and anaerobic fitness with moderate to vigorous/physical activity. c. Physical activity has been shown to improve overall pulmonary function in children with asthma. d. Vigorous exercise helps improve symptoms in children with poorly controlled asthma.
b
The parent of a schoolage child tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child is restless most nights and complains often that bugs are in the bed. After consultation with a sleep disorder specialist and subsequent evaluation of a ferritin level of 30, the nurse practitioner may expect to treat this child with a. clonazepam. b. ferrous sulfate. c. gabapentin. d. sertraline.
b
The parent of a schoolage child who is diagnosed with oligoarticular JIA asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner what exercises the child may do to help reduce symptoms. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Running b. Swimming c. Weights d. Yoga
b
The parent of an adolescent female tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child may be the victim of cyber-bullying at school but won't talk about it with her parents. What is the nurse practitioner's initial response? a. Ask about the adolescent's school performance and friends. b. Interview the adolescent separately from the parent. c. Reassure the parent that suicide is a rare response to bullying. d. Suggest that the parent discuss this with the school counselor.
b
The parent of an infant asks why some vaccines, such as MMR, are not given along with the other series of immunizations at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell this parent? a. Febrile seizures are more likely in younger infants with some vaccines. b. Maternal antibodies neutralize some vaccines and are delayed until 12 months. c. The risk of adverse effects is lower for some vaccines after the first year. d. Too many vaccines at once can overwhelm the infant's immune system.
b
The parents of a 3yearold child are concerned that the child has begun refusing usual foods and wants to eat mashed potatoes and chicken strips at every meal and snack. The child's rate of weight has slowed, but the child remains at the same percentile for weight on a growth chart. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell the parents to do? a. Allow the child to choose foods for meals to improve caloric intake b. Place a variety of nutritious foods on the child's plate at each meal c. Prepare mashed potatoes and chicken strips for the child at mealtimes d. Suggest cutting out snacks to improve the child's appetite at mealtimes
b
The parents of a 4yearold boy are concerned because he has begun twisting and pulling out his hair, especially when he is tired or stressed. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend as part of an initial approach to treat this behavior? a. Consultation with a pediatric behavioral specialist b. Cutting his hair so that it is too short to pull c. Longterm antistreptococcal prophylaxis d. Medication with risperidol or clonidine
b
The parents of a prepubertal female who is on the local swim team tell the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that their daughter wants to begin a strength training program to help improve her swimming ability. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Avoiding strength training programs until after puberty to minimize the risk for injury b. Enrolling their daughter in a program that uses fixed weight machines or resistance bands c. Having their daughter participate in weight training 4 or 5 times each week for maximum effect d. Making sure that their daughter begins with the greatest weight tolerable using lower repetitions
b
The primary care pediatric nurse apractitioner is managing care for a child who has JIA who has a positive ANA. Which specialty referral is critical for this child? a. Cardiology b. Ophthalmology c. Orthopedics d. Pain management
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner diagnoses an 8yearold child with type 1 diabetes after a routine urine screen is positive for glucose and negative for ketones and plasma glucose is 350 mg/dL. The child's weight is normal and the parents report a mild increase in thirst and urine output in the past few days. Which course of action is correct? a. Admit the child to the hospital for initial insulin management. b. Begin insulin and refer the child to a children's diabetes center. c. Order a fasting serum glucose and a dipstick UA in the morning. d. Send the child to the emergency department for fluids and IV insulin.
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner examines a child who has had stiffness and warmth in the right knee and left ankle for 7 or 8 months but no back pain. The nurse practitioner will refer the child to a rheumatology specialist to evaluate for a. enthesitisrelated JIA. b. oligoarticular JIA. c. polyarticular JIA. d. systemic JIA.
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is considering medication options for a schoolage child recently diagnosed with ADHD who has a primarily hyperactive presentation. Which medication will the nurse practitioner select initially? a. Lowdose stimulant b. Moderatedose stimulant c. Lowdose nonstimulant d. Moderatedose nonstimulant
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a 10yearold child who is describing shooting pain in both legs associated with aching, tingling, and burning. The child is unable to pinpoint specific locations for this pain. Which type of pain does the nurse practitioner suspect? a. Chronic pain b. Neuropathic pain c. Somatic pain d. Visceral pain
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a heart murmur during a preparticipation examination of a high school athlete. Which finding would be a concern requiring referral to a cardiologist? a. A murmur that is louder when squatting and softer when standing b. A murmur that is quieter when squatting and louder with a Valsalva maneuver c. A murmur with narrow and variable splitting of S2 d. A systolic murmur that is grade 1 or 2
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a schoolage child who, after removal of a pituitary tumor, has altered hypothalamic control over hunger and satiety. The child is morbidly obese and expresses feeling depressed because of the obesity. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Developing a system to reward compliance with a dietary regimen b. Restricting all access to food in the house and at school c. Suggesting an after-school exercise program to help with weight loss d. Using a food diary to track all calories and food intake
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 17yearold male who is on his high school swim team. The adolescent is concerned about "lumps" on his chest. The nurse practitioner notes a marked increase in weight since the last visit along with worsening of the adolescent's acne. Given this set of symptoms, which performance enhancing substance will the nurse practitioner be most concerned about and ask about? a. Creatine b. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) c. Ephedra d. Growth hormone
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 3yearold child who speaks loudly, in a monotone, does not make eye contact, and prefers to sit on the exam room floor moving a toy truck back and forth in a repetitive manner. Which disorder does the nurse practitioner suspect? a. Attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder b. Autism spectrum disorder c. Executive function disorder d. Sensory processing disorder
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well baby examination on a newborn whose mother is 17 years old. The mother states that she is living with her parents and plans to finish high school. The maternal grandmother will care for the infant while she is in school. What will the nurse practitioner discuss with this mother at this visit? a. Early child intervention programs b. Her needs for socialization with peers c. Immunizations and well child visits d. Referral to a community health nurse
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child assessment on a 13yearold female whose mother asks when her daughter's periods may start. Which information will the nurse practitioner use to help estimate the onset of periods? a. The age of the mother's menarche b. The patient's age at thelarche c. When adrenarche occurred d. Whether linear growth has stopped
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child exam on a 12monthold infant. The parent tells the nurse practitioner that the infant has predictable bowel and bladder habits and asks about toilet training. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent? a. It is too early to begin introducing the child to the toilet, and the parent should wait until the child is at least 2 years old. b. Placing the child on a "potty" chair helps the child associate elimination cues with the toilet. c. Predictability of elimination patterns indicates readiness for toilet training, and the parent can begin this process. d. The parent should wait until other signs of toilet training readiness occur before introducing the child to the toilet.
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child exam on a 12yearold female who has achieved early sexual maturation. The mother reports that she spends more time with her older sister's friends instead of her own classmates. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent? a. Earlymaturing girls need to identify with older adolescents to feel a sense of belonging. b. Girls who join an older group of peers may become sexually active at an earlier age. c. Spending time with older adolescents indicates a healthy adjustment to her maturing body. d. The association with older adolescents will help her daughter to gain social maturity.
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child exam on a 24monthold child. The parent tells the nurse practitioner that the child is being toilet trained and expresses frustration that on some days the child uses the toilet every time and on other days not at all. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Advise the parent to make the child get clean clothes after an accident. b. Ask the parent about the child's toilet habits and understanding of toilet training. c. Recommend using an awards system to encourage toilet use. d. Suggest that the parent place the child on the toilet at predictable intervals.
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a 15yearold girl who consumes a vegan diet. Based on this assessment, which nutrients may this adolescent need to supplement? a. Calcium, vitamin C, and vitamin A b. Iron, folic acid, and B12 c. Magnesium, vitamin E, and zinc d. Vitamin D, vitamin C, and phosphorus
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a 5yearold girl. The parents ask if the child s adult height can be predicted. The nurse practitioner learns that the mother is 5'8" tall and the father is 5'11" tall. The nurse practitioner will estimate which expected adult height for this child? a. 5'11" tall b. 5'7" tall c. 5'8" tall d. 6' tall
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a 9monthold infant whose hearing is normal but who responds to verbal cues with only single syllable vocalizations. What will the nurse practitioner recommend to the parents to improve speech and language skills in this infant? a. Provide educational videos that focus on language b. Read simple board books to the infant at bedtime c. Sing to the child and play lullabies in the baby's room d. Turn the television to sesame street during the day
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing an examination on a 5yearold child who exhibits ritualistic behaviors, avoids contact with other children, and has limited speech. The parent reports having had concerns more than 2 years ago about autism, but was told that it was too early to diagnose. What will the nurse practitioner do first? a. Administer an MCHAT screen to screen the child for communication and socialization delays. b. Ask the parent to describe the child's earlier behaviors from infancy through preschool. c. Reassure the parent that if symptoms weren't present earlier, the likelihood of autism is low. d. Refer the child to a pediatric behavioral specialist to develop a plan of treatment and management.
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is prescribing ibuprofen for a 25 kg child with JIA who has oligoarthitis. If the child will take 4 doses per day, what is the maximum amount the child will receive per dose? a. 200 mg b. 250 mg c. 400 mg d. 450 mg
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a well baby assessment of a 5dayold infant and notes mild conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, and serosanguinous discharge in the right eye. Which course of action is correct? a. Administer intramuscular ceftriaxone 50 mg/kg. b. Admit the infant to the hospital immediately. c. Give oral erythromycin 30 to 50 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. d. Teach the parent how to perform tear duct massage.
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner provides anticipatory guidance for a 6monthold infant who is breastfed who takes 400 IU of vitamin D daily. The parent reports that the infant has begun taking cereals, fruits, and vegetables in addition to nursing. What will the nurse practitioner recommend to promote healthy nutrition? a. Begin supplementing with iron. b. Continue to nurse as long as desired. c. Discontinue the vitamin D supplement. d. Stop breastfeeding at 1 year of age.
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner sees a 10yearold child whose parent describes as a "class clown." The child denies having problems at school, but acknowledges poor grades by saying, "I'm not very smart, I guess." When counseling the parent about helping this child deal with this selfperception issue, the nurse practitioner will recommend which strategy? a. Empower the child to make decisions and assume more responsibilities. b. Help the child identify skills and activities that he is good at. c. Spend time each evening helping the child with homework to improve grades. d. Work with the teacher to set appropriate limits on school behavior.
b
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling a parent about bicycle helmet use. The parent reports having a helmet used a year previously by an older child and wonders about using it for a younger child since they are so expensive. What will the nurse practitioner tell the parent? a. "As long as the helmet does not have cracks, you may use it." b. "If the helmet is free from marks, you may use it." c. "You may continue to use a helmet up to 10 years." d. "You should always purchase a new helmet for each child."
b.
1. The parent of a 4monthold infant is concerned that the infant cannot hear. Which test will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner order to evaluate potential hearing loss in this infant? a. Acoustic reflectometry b. Audiometry c. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) d. Evoked otooacoustic emission (EOAE) testing
c
1. The parent of an 8yearold child tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child has begun to ask questions about why a schoolmate has "2 daddies" and wonders how to talk to the child about this. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Beginning a discussion about different types of sexual relationships and samesex partners b. Discussing the issue with the child in terms of the parent's religious values and norms c. Explaining that not all families are the same and what is most important is that they love and care for their children Telling the child that some adult relationships are complicated and will be understood when the child is older
c
10. An 18monthold child has a 1day history of intermittent, cramping abdominal pain with nonbilious vomiting. The child is observed to scream and draw up his legs during pain episodes and becomes lethargic in between. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes a small amount of bloody, mucous stool in the diaper. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. Appendicitis b. Gastroenteritis c. Intussusception d. Testicular torsion
c
10. During a well child exam on a 5yearold child, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner assesses the child for school readiness. Which finding may be a factor in limiting school readiness for this child? a. Adherence to daily family routines and regular activities b. Having two older siblings who attend the same school c. Parental concerns about bullying in school d. The child's ability to recognize four different colors
c
11. A 3yearold child has had one episode of acute otitis media 3 weeks prior with a normal tympanogram just after treatment with amoxicillin. In the clinic today, the child has a type B tympanogram, a temperature of 102.5°F, and a bulging tympanic membrane. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner order? a. A referral for tympanocentesis b. Amoxicillin twice daily c. Amoxicillinclavulanate twice daily d. Intramuscular ceftriaxone
c
11. An adolescent female reports unilateral headache pain associated with abdominal pain and nausea occurring just prior to periods each month. The adolescent has been using naproxen sodium for 6 months but reports little relief from symptoms. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Add acetaminophen and ondansetron to the naproxen regimen. b. Consider prophylactic therapy with a betablocker or anticonvulsant drug. c. Prescribe sumatriptan nasal spray at the onset of headache and every 2 hours. d. Refer the adolescent to a pediatric neurologist for neuroimaging studies.
c
11. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is conducting a followup examination on a child who has recently begun taking a lowdose stimulant medication to treat ADHD. The child's school performance and home behaviors have improved. The child's parent reports noticing a few tics, such a twitching of the eyelids, but the child is unaware of them and isn't bothered by them. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Adding an alphaagonist medication b. Changing to a nonstimulant medication c. Continuing the medication as prescribed d. Stopping the medication immediately
c
12. A 10yearold child has a 1week history of fever of 104°C that is unresponsive to antipyretics. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner examines the child and notes bilateral conjunctival injection and a polymorphous exanthema, with no other symptoms. Lab tests show elevated ESR, CRP, and platelets. Cultures are all negative. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Begin treatment with intravenous methyl prednisone. b. Consider IVIG therapy if symptoms persist one more week. c. Order a baseline echocardiogram today and another in 2 weeks. d. Reassure the child's parents that this is a selflimiting disorder.
c
12. A child with Down syndrome who has sleepdisordered breathing with obstructive sleep apnea continues to have symptoms in spite of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy and treatment with a leukotriene receptor antagonist medication and a nasal steroid spray. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will refer the child to a sleep disorder clinic to discuss which therapy? a. Craniofacial surgery b. Oral appliances c. Positive airway pressure therapy d. Supplemental oxygen
c
12. An adolescent is diagnosed with functional abdominal pain (FAP). The child's symptoms worsen during stressful events, especially with school anxiety. What will be an important part of treatment for this child? a. Informing the parents that the pain is most likely not real b. Instituting a lactosefree diet along with lactobacillus supplements c. Teaching about the braingut interaction causing symptoms d. Using histamine2blockers to help alleviate symptoms
c
13. A child who was treated with amoxicillin and then amoxicillinclavulanate for acute otitis media is seen for followup. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes dullgray tympanic membranes with a visible airfluid level. The child is afebrile and without pain. What is the next course of action? a. Administering ceftriaxone IM b. Giving clindamycin orally c. Monitoring ear fluid levels for 3 months d. Watchful waiting for 48 to 72 hours
c
13. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a sports physical on an adolescent whose history reveals mild aortic stenosis. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Avoidance of all sports to prevent sudden death b. Clearance for any sports since this is mild c. Evaluation by a cardiologist prior to participation d. Lowintensity sports, such as golf or bowling
c
13. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a 12yearold child who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at age 9. The child had a lipid screen at age 10 with an LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dL. What will the nurse practitioner recommend as part of ongoing management for this child? a. Annual lipid profile evaluation b. Annual screening for microalbuminuria c. Comprehensive ophthalmologic exam d. Hypothyroidism screening every 5 years
c
14. A 13yearold Native American female has a BMI at the 90th percentile for age. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes the presence of a hyperpigmented velvetlike rash in skin folds. The child denies polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria. The nurse practitioner will a. counsel the child to lose weight to prevent type 2 diabetes. b. diagnose type 2 diabetes if the child has a random glucose of 180 mg/dL. c. order a fasting blood sample for a metabolic screen for type 2 diabetes. d. refer the child to a pediatric endocrinologist.
c
14. During a routine well child exam on a 5yearold child, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner auscultates a grade II/VI, harsh, late systolic ejection murmur at the upper left sternal border that transmits to both lung fields. The child has normal growth and development. What will the nurse practitioner suspect? a. Aortic stenosis b. Patent ductus arteriosus c. Pulmonic stenosis d. Tricuspid atresia
c
16. An adolescent female has a history of repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Which longterm complication is a concern for this patient? a. Aortic stenosis b. Chronic cyanosis c. Mitral valve prolapse d. Ventricular failure
c
17. A 6yearold child has a systolic blood pressure between the 95th and 99th percentile for age, sex, and height and a diastolic blood pressure between the 90th and the 95th percentile on three separate clinic visits. This child's blood pressure is classified as a. normotensive. b. prehypertensive. c. stage 1 hypertensive. d. stage 2 hypertensive.
c
17. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is providing nutritional counseling for a 9yearold female whose weight is at the 95th percentile for her age. What is the goal for this patient? a. A loss of 10 to 15 pounds in 6 months b. An average weight loss of 2 pounds per month c. Maintenance of her current weight d. Weight loss of 5% of her current body weight
c
18. A 12yearold child whose weight and BMI are in the 75th percentile has a diastolic blood pressure that is between the 95th and 99th percentiles for age, sex, and height on three separate occasions. Initial tests for this child will include a. complete blood count. b. erythrocyte sedimentation rate. c. renal function and plasma renin tests.
c
18. The mother of a 12monthold uncircumcised male infant reports that the child seems to have pain associated with voiding. A physical examination reveals a tight, pinpoint opening of the foreskin, which thickened and inflamed. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Attempt to retract the foreskin to visualize the penis b. Order corticosteroid cream 3 times daily for 4 weeks c. Refer the child to a pediatric urologist d. Teach the mother to gently stretch the foreskin with cleaning.
c
18. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes a musty odor when examining a newborn at a 2week checkup. What will the nurse practitioner suspect? a. Galactosemia b. Glucose6phosphatase deficiency c. Phenylketonuria d. Urea cycle disorder
c
2. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner auscultates a new grade II vibratory, midsystolic murmur at the mid sternal border in a 4yearold child that is louder when the child is supine. What type of murmur is most likely? a. Pathologic murmur b. Pulmonary flow murmur c. Still's murmur d. Venous hum
c
2. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner obtains a tympanogram on a child that reveals a sharp peak of 180 mm H2O. What does this value indicate? a. A normal tympanic membrane b. Middle ear effusion c. Negative ear pressure d. Tympanic membrane perforation
c
2. When reviewing a white blood cell (WBC) count, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner suspects a viral infection when which WBC element is elevated? a. Bands b. Leukocytes c. Lymphocytes d. Neutrophils
c
3. A 4yearold child with an upper respiratory tract infection has cloudy nasal discharge and moderate nasal congestion interfering with sleep. The parent asks what product to use to help with symptoms. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend? a. Antihistamines b. Decongestant sprays c. Saline rinses d. Zinc supplements
c
3. A female infant who was developing normally stops meeting developmental milestones at age 12 months and then begins losing previously acquired skills. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner expect to tell the parents about this child's prognosis? a. Cognitive development will be normal but motor skills will be lost. b. Physical and speech therapy will help the infant regain lost skills. c. The child's intellectual development will not progress further. d. This is a temporary condition with full recovery expected.
c
4. A 14yearold child has a headache, unilateral weakness, and blurred vision preceded by fever and nausea. The child's parent reports a similar episode several months prior. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will consult with a pediatric neurologist to order a. a lumbar puncture. b. an electroencephalogram (EEG). c. neuroimaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). d. positron emission tomography (PET) scan.
c
4. A 5yearold child has enlarged tonsils and a history of four throat infections in the previous year with fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, and positive Group AStreptococcus pyogenes (GABHS) cultures. The parent reports that the child snores at night and expresses concerns about the child's quality of sleep. The next step in managing this child's condition is to a. continue to observe the child for two or more GABHS infections. b. prescribe prophylactic antibiotics to prevent recurrent infection. c. refer to a pulmonologist for polysomnography evaluation. d. refer to an otolaryngologist for possible tonsillectomy.
c
5. A 12-month-old infant who had cardiopulmonary bypass with RBC and plaasma infusions during surgery at 8 months is seen for a well child examination. Which vaccine may be administered at this visit? a. MMR b. OPV c. PCV13 d. Varivax
c
5. A schoolage child has an abrupt onset of sore throat, nausea, headache, and a temperature of 102.3°F. An examination reveals petechiae on the soft palate, beefyred tonsils with yellow exudate, and a scarlatiniform rash. A Rapid Antigen Detection Test (RADT) is negative. What is the next step in management for this child? a. Consider a sexual abuse diagnosis. b. Obtain an antistreptococcal antibody titer. c. Perform a followup throat culture. d. Prescribe amoxicillin for 10 days.
c
9. An infant with trisomy 21 has a complete AV canal defect. Which finding, associated with having both of these conditions, will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner expect? a. Crackles in both lungs b. Hepatomegaly c. Oxygen desaturation d. Peripheral edema
c
9. The parent of a toddler and a 4weekold infant tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the toddler has just been diagnosed with pertussis. What will the nurse practitioner do to prevent disease transmission to the infant? a. Administer the initial diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine. b. Instruct the parent to limit contact between the toddler and the infant. c. Order azithromycin 10 mg/kg/day in a single dose daily for 5 days. d. Prescribe erythromycin 10 mg/kg/dose four times daily for 14 days.
c
A 12yearold child has a recent history of increased thirst and frequent urination. The child's weight has been in the 95th percentile for several years. A dipstick UA is positive for glucose, and random plasma glucose is 350 mg/dL. Which test will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner order to determine the type of diabetes in this child? a. Fasting plasma glucose b. Hemoglobin A1C levels c. Pancreatic antibodies d. Thyroid function tests
c
A 14yearold child has a 2week history of severe itching and tearing of both eyes. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes redness and swelling of the eyelids along with stringy, mucoid discharge. What will the nurse practitioner prescribe? a. Saline solution or artificial tears b. Topical mast cell stabilizer c. Topical NSAID drops Correct d. Topical vasoconstrictor drops
c
A 7yearold female has recently developed pubic and axillary hair without breast development. Her bone age is consistent with her chronological age, and a pediatric endocrinologist has diagnosed idiopathic premature adrenarche. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will monitor this child for which condition? a. Adrenal tumor b. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia c. Polycystic ovary syndrome d. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
c
A 9monthold infant has had a fever of 103°F for 2 days and now has a diffuse, maculopapular rash that blanches on pressure. The infant's immunizations are uptodate. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Administer immunoglobulin G to prevent fulminant illness. b. Perform serologic testing for human herpes virus 6 and human herpes virus 7. c. Reassure the parent that this is a mild, selflimiting disease. d. Recommend avoiding contact with pregnant women.
c
A developmentally and cognitively disabled 10yearold child who is unable to communicate must undergo a series of surgeries, and the child's parent asks how to know if the child is in pain and when to give pain medication. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner teach this parent to use to assess this child's pain? a. Comfort scale b. FLACC scale c. NCCPCR d. Nonverbal observations
c
A schoolage child enjoys playing basketball but doesn't make the intramural team. Which response by the child is characteristic of the concept of a growth mindset? a. "I didn't play well on the day of the tryouts." b. "I'll just have to find another sport I'm good at." c. "I'll need to work more on my outside shot." d. "I'm probably too short to be really good at this sport."
c
A schoolage child has fever of 104°F, sore throat, vomiting and malaise. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner observes that the tonsils, oropharynx, and palate are erythematous and covered with exudate; the tongue is coated and red; and there is a red, sandpaperlike rash on the child's neck, trunk, and extremities. A rapid strep test is positive. What will the nurse practitioner do to manage this child's illness? a. Administer intramuscular ceftriaxone. b. Hospitalize for further diagnostic tests. c. Prescribe oral amoxicillin. d. Refer to a pediatric infectious disease specialist.
c
An 18monthold child who developed upper respiratory symptoms 1 day prior is brought to the clinic with a high fever, chills, muscle pains, and a dry, hacking cough. A rapid influenza test is negative and a viral culture is pending. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Consider therapy with rimantadine. b. Hospitalize for supportive treatment. c. Prescribe oseltamivir and follow closely d. Wait for cultures to determine treatment.
c
An adolescent female reports moderate dysmenorrhea with periods and tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that 400 mg ibuprofen every 6 to 8 hours doesn't completely control her pain. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Increasing the ibuprofen dose to 600 to 800 mg every 6 to 8 hours b. Taking extrastrength acetaminophen 1000 mg every 4 to 6 hours c. Taking naproxen 500 mg initially and then 250 mg every 6 to 8 hours d. Using extendedrelease naproxen 500 mg every 12 hours
c
An adolescent has a TB skin test prior to working as a volunteer in a hospital. The adolescent is healthy and has not travelled to or from a TBendemic area or had close contact with anyone who has TB. The Mantoux skin test shows 10 mm of induration after 48 hours. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Ask the adolescent about exposure to homeless persons. b. Order a chest radiograph to rule out active TB. c. Reassure the adolescent that this is a negative screen. d. Refer the adolescent to an infectious disease specialist.
c
An adolescent has recently begun doing poorly in school and has stopped participating in sports and other extracurricular activities. During the history interview, the adolescent reports feeling tired, having difficulty concentrating, and experiencing a loss of appetite for the past few weeks but cannot attribute these changes to any major life event. Which is an important next step in managing this patient? a. Administering a diagnostic rating scale for depression b. Considering a shortterm trial of an antidepressant medication c. Determining suicidal ideation and risk of suicide d. Referring the adolescent to a mental health specialist
c
An adolescent who has exerciseinduced asthma (EIA) is on the high school track team and has recently begun to practice daily during the school week. The adolescent uses 2 puffs of albuterol via a metereddose inhaler 20 minutes before exercise but reports decreased effectiveness since beginning daily practice. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Counsel the adolescent to decrease the number of practices each week. b. Increase the albuterol to 4 puffs 20 minutes prior to exercise. c. Order a daily inhaled corticosteroid medication. d. Prescribe cromolyn sodium in addition to the albuterol.
c
During a well child assessment of a preschoolage child, the parent voices concerns that, because the child has behavior problems at school, the child may have a mental health disorder. Which initial approach will provide the best information? a. Ask the parent whether other caregivers have voiced similar concerns. b. Interview the child separately from the parent to encourage sharing of feelings. c. Take time to actively listen to the parent's and child's perceptions of the problem. d. Use a validated screening tool to ensure that all aspects of behaviors are evaluated.
c
During a well child exam on a 13yearold female, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes that the child is at Tanner Stage 3. During the exam, when the nurse practitioner initiates a conversation about healthy sexuality education, the parent states that this topic is "off limits." What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Ask the adolescent whether she wishes to discuss these matters since she is becoming an adult. b. Separate the parent from the adolescent to discuss the adolescent's concerns in private. c. Spend private time with the parent to discuss how sexuality education reduces the risk of early sexual intercourse and risky sexual behaviors. d. Tell the parent that this information is a routine part of adolescent well child examinations and must be included.
c
The mother of a 3yearold child takes the child to a play group once a week. She expresses concern that the child plays with toys but does not interact with the other toddlers. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner counsel the mother? a. The child probably is very shy but will outgrow this tendency with repeated exposure to other children b. The toddler may have a language delay that interferes with socialization with other children c. Toddlers may be interested in other children but usually do not engage in interactive play
c
The mother of a 6yearold child tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child only wants to eat French fries and hamburgers and refuses most vegetables. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Giving the child a multivitamin since this is a phase b. Having the child eat vegetables before getting the hamburger c. Providing a variety of healthy foods at each meal d. Putting extra lettuce and tomatoes on hamburgers
c
The mother of a newborn asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner about the benefits of breastfeeding. What will the nurse practitioner tell her? a. Breastfeeding for 9 months or longer will reduce the incidence of food allergies. b. Breast milk is an excellent source of vitamin D, iron, and other essential nutrients for the baby. c. Nursing her baby exclusively for at least 4 months will help her infant to resist infections. d. There is a decreased risk of atopic dermatitis in babies who nurse for 12 months or longer.
c
The mother of a nursing infant expresses concern about whether highcholesterol foods will increase her infant's risk of hyperlipidemia. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell her? a. Breastfed infants have lower serum cholesterol levels than those who are not breastfed. b. Maternal cholesterol levels affect the cardiovascular risk of breastfed babies. c. Maternal dietary cholesterol intake does not affect the infant's serum cholesterol values. d. She should limit her dietary cholesterol to prevent hyperlipidemia in her infant.
c
The parent of a 10yearold boy tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child doesn't appear to have any interest in girls and spends most of his time with a couple of other boys. The parent is worried about the child's sexual identity. The nurse practitioner will tell the parent a. Children at this age who prefer interactions with same-gender peers usually have a homosexual orientation b. Children experiment with sexuality at this age as a means of deciding later sexual orientation c. This attachment to other same-gender children is how the child learns to interact with others d. To encourage mixed-gender interactions in order to promote development of sexual values
c
The parent of a 12yearold child who has sickle cell trait (SCT) asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner whether the child may play football. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent? a. Children with SCT should not play any contact sports. b. Children with SCT may not play for NCAA schools in college. c. Children with SCT should follow heat acclimatization guidelines. d. Children with SCT should not participate in organized sports.
c
The parent of a 14yearold child tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the adolescent has expressed a desire to be a vegetarian, is refusing all meat served at home, and wants the family to eat vegetarian meals. What will the nurse practitioner tell the parent? a. Do not allow a vegetarian diet in order to maintain appropriate limits for the adolescent. b. Provide vegetarian options for the adolescent that preserve adequate nutrition and protein intake. c. Suggest that the adolescent prepare appropriate vegetarian dishes to complement family meals. d. Tell the adolescent that a vegetarian diet may be considered in adulthood but not while living at home.
c
The parent of a 14yearold child tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child skips classes frequently in spite of various disciplinary measures, such as grounding and extra homework and is earning Cs and Ds in most classes. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Counseling for emotional problems b. Development of an Individual Education Plan c. Evaluation for possible learning disorders d. Referral for a behavioral disorder
c
The parent of a 24monthold child asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner when toilet training should begin. How will the pediatric nurse practitioner respond? a. Begin by reading to your child about toileting b. Most children are capable by age 2 years c. Tell me about your child's daily habits d. We should assess your child's motor skills
c
The parent of a 2monthold infant is reluctant to have the baby vaccinated. What is an initial step in responding to these concerns? a. Inform the parent that all vaccines may be given without thimerosol. b. Providing Vaccine Information Statements for the parent to review. c. Question the parent's reasons for concern about immunizations. d. Remind the parent that the infant is exposed to thousands of germs each day.
c
The parent of a 4yearold who has difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep has tried several nonpharmacological methods with variable success and asks about medications. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend? a. Diphenhydramine b. Lorazepam c. Melatonin d. Zolpidem
c
The parent of a 5yearold child tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child has been using the toilet to urinate for since age 3 but continues to defecate in "pullups." The nurse practitioner learns that the child has predictable bowel movements and a physical examination is normal. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Providing a reward system to offer incentives when the child uses the toilet b. Put the child back in diapers and resume toilet training in a few months. c. Putting the child on the toilet for 5 to 10 minutes at the usual time of defecation d. Use of polyethylene glycol until the child is able to use the toilet regularly
c
The parent of a 5yearold child who has just begun kindergarten expresses concern that the child will have difficulty adjusting to the birth of a sibling. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend? a. Allowing the child opportunities to discuss feelings about the baby b. Giving the child specific baby care tasks to promote sibling bonding c. Having snack time with the child each day to discuss the school day d. Providing reassurance that the sibling will not replace the child
c
The parent of a 6-year -old child expresses concern that the child may have ADHD. Which screening tool will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner use to evaluate this possibility? a. Behavioral and Emotional screening system for children (BESS-2) b. Behavioral assessment for children - 2nd ed. (BASC-2) c. Conner's 3 parent and teacher rating scale d. Pediatric symptom checklist (PSC)
c
The parent of a child newly diagnosed with epilepsy asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner if the child will ever be able to participate in gym or sports. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Bicycle riding is not safe for children with seizures. b. Contact sports should be avoided. c. Direct supervision of some activities is necessary. d. Underwater sports are not recommended.
c
The parent of a high school basketball player tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the adolescent becomes short of breath only when exercising. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Permanent discontinuation of all strenuous and aerobic activities b. Enrollment in a conditioning program to improve performance c. Evaluation for underlying cardiac causes of this symptom. d. Treatment for exerciseinduced asthma with a bronchodilator
c
The parent of a newborn infant asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner when to intervene to help the infant's future intellectual growth. What will the nurse practitioner tell the parent? a. Cognitive learning begins during the toddler years b. Intellectual growth begin when speech develops c. Language and literacy skills begin at birth d. Preschool is an optimal time to begin general learning
c
The parent of a preschoolage child who is diagnosed with a sensory processing disorder (SPD) asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner how to help the child manage the symptoms. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Establishing a reward system for acceptable behaviors b. Introducing the child to a variety of new experiences c. Maintaining predictable routines as much as possible d. Providing frequent contact, such as hugs and cuddling
c
The parent of a schoolage child reports that the child is on a glutenfree diet. When questioned about the reason for this diet, the parent states that the child has fewer stomach aches since beginning the diet but has never been diagnosed with celiac disease. The parent reports using glutenfree grain products for all family members. The nurse practitioner will tell this parent that glutenfree diets a. are generally low in sugar and fat. b. are healthy and help prevent obesity. c. may be deficient in essential nutrients. d. provide adequate protein to meet daily needs.
c
The parent of a schoolage child who is overweight tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child seems to crave highcalorie, highcarbohydrate foods, even when full. The nurse practitioner learns that the child is often irritable and sleepy at school in spite of sleeping 9 or 10 hours each night. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Assessment of leptin and ghrelin hormone levels b. Consultation with a dietician to develop an appropriate diet c. Referral to a sleep disorder clinic for a sleep study d. Taking one or two naps each day to increase the amount of sleep
c
The parent of a schoolage child with a chronic pain condition tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child has requested to stay home from school more often in the past few months. The child's exam does not reveal any significant change in pathology, and a review of the child's medications indicates appropriate dosing of analgesic medications. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Assessing the child's pain every day to determine changes b. Ensuring the child stays quiet in bed with videos when having pain c. Having the child do homework when staying home from school d. Requiring the child to go to school even during pain episodes
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner diagnoses a high school basketball player with mononucleosis. The adolescent asks when she may resume play. What will the nurse practitioner tell her? a. After 3 weeks, she may begin lifting weights but not full sports. b. After 4 weeks, she may return to full play and practice. c. At 4 weeks, she must have an exam to determine fitness for play. d. She may engage in moderate exertion and practice after 3 weeks.
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner evaluates children's growth to screen for endocrine and metabolic disorders. Which is a critical component of this screening? a. Measuring supine length in children over the age of 2 years b. Obtaining serial measurements to assess patterns over time c. Using the CDC growth chart for children under age 2 years d. Using the WHO growth chart for children over age 2 years
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is concerned that a toddler may have vesicoureteral reflux based on a history of dysfunctional voiding patterns and a series of urinary tract infections. Which intervention is appropriate? a. Initiating a bladder retraining program b. Ordering a voiding cystourethrogram c. Referral to a urologist for evaluation d. Treatment with prophylactic antibiotics
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a 5yearold child who has frequent soiling of stool associated with stomach aches and decreased appetite for the past 2 months. The parent states that the child has two or fewer formed bowel movements each week and has been toilet trained for about 2 years. Which initial assessment will the nurse practitioner make? a. History of neurogenic conditions b. Recent adjustments in the family c. Recent illnesses, fluid intake, changes in diet d. Toilet training history
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 2monthold infant with fever and cough. A WBC is 14,000/mm3 and a chest radiograph is normal. The infant is nursing well and having normal stools. What would be an appropriate next step? a. Admitting the infant to the hospital for LP and IV antibiotics b. Obtaining a blood culture, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and Creactive protein c. Performing a catheterized urinalysis to screen for leukocytes and nitrites d. Prescribing empiric, broadspectrum antibiotics with close followup
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a 6yearold child who attends first grade. The child reports "hating" school. The parent states that the child pretends to be sick frequently in order to stay home from school. To further assess this situation, the nurse practitioner will first ask the child a. About school performance and grades b. Why school is so distressing c. To name one or two friends d. Whether bullying is taking place
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a schoolage child who has has several hospitalizations for bronchitis and wheezing. The parent reports that the child has several coughing episodes associated with chest tightness each week and gets relief with an albuterol metereddose inhaler. What will the nurse practitioner order? a. Allergy testing b. Chest radiography c. Spirometry testing d. Sweat chloride test
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining an infant who has otitis media and learns that the mother and child are homeless. Besides assisting the mother to obtain medication to treat this illness, what is a priority during this visit? a. Assisting the mother to obtain transportation for health care need b. Determining well child examination history and immunization status c. Making sure the family has access to WIC and food stamps resources d. Obtaining a tuberculosis skin test and scheduling a return office visit
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is offering anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 6yearold child who has Down syndrome. What will the nurse practitioner tell the parents about physical activity and sports in school? a. Children with Down syndrome get frustrated easily when engaging in sports. b. Children with Down syndrome should not participate in strenuous aerobic activity. c. Their child should have a cervical spine evaluation before participation in sports. d. Their child should only participate in sports sanctioned by the Special Olympics.
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well baby examination on a 2monthold infant who has gained 25 grams per day in the last interval. The mother is nursing and tells the nurse practitioner that her infant seems fussy and wants to nurse more often. What will the nurse practitioner tell her? a. She may not be making as much breastmilk as before b. She should keep a log of the frequency and duration of each feeding c. The infant may be going through an expected growth spurt d. The infant should stay on the previously established nursing schedule
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well baby examination on a 2weekold infant. The parent is concerned that the infant sleeps too much. The nurse practitioner asks the parent to keep a sleep log and will teach the parent that which amount of sleep per day is optimal for this infant? a. 10 to 12 hours b. 12 to 15 hours c. 15 to 18 hours d. 18 to 20 hours
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a 4yearold child. The parent reports that the child snores frequently, often awakens during the night, and seems cranky during the day. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent? a. Most sleep disorders are benign and will be outgrown. b. Sleep disorders are symptomatic of underlying behavior problems. c. Sleep disorders at this age can have longterm impacts on learning. d. The child will need longer daytime naps to compensate for lost sleep.
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing an assessment on a 1weekold newborn with a slightly elevated bilirubin who is breastfeeding well and who has gained 30 grams in the past 24 hours. The infant is stooling and voiding well. The nurse practitioner suspects breast milk jaundice. Which action is correct? a. Order home phototherapy and closely monitor bilirubin levels. b. Reassure the mother that the bilirubin level will drop in a few days. c. Recheck the serum bilirubin and infant's weight in 24 hours. d. Recommend that the mother pump her breast milk for a couple of days.
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing an initial well child exam on a 3yearold child recently adopted from Africa. The adoptive parent has a record of immunizations indicating that the child is fully vaccinated. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Administer a booster dose of each vaccine to ensure immunity. b. Find out whether the vaccines were provided by reliable suppliers. c. Perform antibody titers and reimmunize the child. d. Record the vaccines in the child's electronic medical record.
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is preparing to perform a painful procedure on a 4monthold infant. Besides providing local anesthesia, what other pain control method provides analgesic effects? a. Providing toys b. Singing or music c. Sucrose solution d. Swaddling or cuddling
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is providing anticipatory guidance to the mother of a breastfed 6monthold infant who asks about "babyled weaning." What will the nurse practitioner tell her about this practice? a. "Foods given for this purpose do not meet all the child's nutritional needs." b. "Giving infants control of the feeding process will help prevent obesity." c. "Infants are given soft, mashable table foods when able to selffeed." d. "Infants must be able to grasp and feed themselves from a spoon to do this."
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is treating a toddler who has a lower respiratory tract illness with a lowgrade fever. The child is eating and taking fluids well and has normal oxygen saturations in the clinic. The nurse practitioner suspects that the child has a viral pneumonia and will a. order an antiviral medication and schedule a followup appointment. b. prescribe a broadspectrum antibiotic until the lab results are received. c. teach the parents symptomatic care and order labs to help with the diagnosis. d. write a prescription for an antibiotic to be given if the child's condition worsens.
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that a schoolage child continues to hope that his parents will remarry 1 year after they have divorced. What will the nurse practitioner tell this child's parents? a. "If one of you remarries, he is more likely to understand that this is permanent." b. "This is a normal response and is an expression of hope that things will be OK." c. "You will need to help him accept the reality of the permanence of the divorce." d. "Your child is most likely blaming himself for your separation and divorce."
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that the mother of a newborn infant is being tested for tuberculosis after a positive TB skin test. What will the nurse practitioner tell the mother who states a desire to breastfeed her baby? a. Breast milk is contraindicated if the mother has tuberculosis. b. She may continue to nurse her baby since the risk of transmission is low. c. That she can express breast milk and feed that to her infant d. To give formula until results of tuberculosis testing are known
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a developmental assessment on a 32monthold child. The child's parent reports that about 70% of the child's speech is intelligible. The pediatric nurse practitioner observes that the child has difficulty pronouncing "t," "d," "k," and "g" sounds. Which action is correct? a. Evaluate the child's cognitive abilities b. Obtain a hearing evaluation c. Reassure the parent that this is normal d. Refer the child to a speech therapist
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a well-baby examination on a 7dayold infant who is nursing well, according to the mother. The nurse practitioner notes that the infant weighed 3250 grams at birth and 2990 grams when discharged on the second day of life. The infant weighs 3080 grams at this visit. Which action is correct? a. Follow up at the 2-month checkup b. Refer to a lactation consultant c. Schedule a weight check in 1 week d. Suggest supplementing with formula
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner prescribes a new medication for a child who develops a previously unknown adverse reaction. To report this, the nurse practitioner will a. access the BPCA website. b. call the PREA hotline. c. log onto the FDA Medwatch website. d. use the AAP online PediaLink program.
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner reviews the immunization records of an 18monthold child and notes that the child received an MMR immunization 2 days prior to the first birthday. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Administer a reduced dose of MMR to ensure adequate immunity. b. Obtain mumps, measles, and rubella titers to determine immunity. c. Recommend the next dose of MMR vaccine at 4 to 5 years of age. d. Repeat the MMR vaccine since the first dose was given too soon
c
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner suspects that the parent of a child who is doing poorly in school is being abused by a partner. What is a priority response by the nurse practitioner? a. Notifying the child's school counselor about this problem b. Referring the child and family to a social worker c. Reporting this according to any mandated reporting laws d. Suggesting that the parent avoid the abusive situation
c
The single mother of a 4yearold who attends day care tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that she had difficulty giving her child a twicedaily amoxicillin for 10 days to treat otitis media during a previous episode several months earlier because she works two jobs and is too busy. The child has an ear infection in the clinic today. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Administer an intramuscular antibiotic. b. Order twicedaily amoxicillin for 5 days. c. Prescribe azithromycin once daily for 5 days. d. Reinforce the need to adhere to the plan of care.
c
1. A 30monthold girl who has been toilet trained for 6 months has daytime enuresis and dysuria and a lowgrade fever. A dipstick urinalysis is negative for leukocyte esterase and nitrites. What is the next step? a. Begin empiric treatment with trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole. b. Discuss behavioral interventions for toilet training. c. Reassure the child's parents that the child does not have a urinary tract infection. d. Send the urine to the lab for culture
d
1. The parent of an infant asks about using a probiotic medication. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell this parent? a. Probiotic medications have demonstrated efficacy in treating colic. b. Probiotics are not safe to use to treat infants who have colic. c. There are no studies showing usefulness of probiotics to manage colic. d. There is no conclusive evidence about using probiotics to treat colic.
d
1. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner reviews a child's complete blood count with differential white blood cell values and recognizes a "left shift" because of a. a decreased eosinophil count. b. a decreased lymphocyte count. c. an elevated monocyte count. d. an elevated neutrophil count.
d
10. A schoolage child has frequent nosebleeds. Nasal visualization reveals fresh clots and excoriated nasal mucosa but no visible site of bleeding. Coagulation studies are normal. In spite of symptomatic measures, the child continues to have nosebleeds. What is the next course of action? a. Cauterize the mucosa with silver nitrate sticks. b. Order a topical vasoconstrictor medication. c. Prescribe a barrier agent such as petrolatum jelly. d. Refer to an otolaryngologist for further evaluation.
d
11. A 5yearold child who had a repair for transposition of the great arteries shortly after birth is growing normally and has been asymptomatic since the surgery. The primary care nurse practitioner notes mild shortness of breath with exertion and, upon questioning, learns that the child has recently complained of dizziness. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Order an echocardiogram and chest radiograph. b. Perform pulmonary function testing. c. Reassure the parent that these symptoms are common. d. Refer the child to the cardiologist immediately.
d
11. A schoolage child comes to the clinic for evaluation of excessive bruising. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes a history of an upper respiratory infection 2 weeks prior. The physical exam is negative for hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Blood work reveals a platelet count of 60,000/mm3 with normal PT and aPTT. How will the nurse practitioner manage this child's condition? a. Admit to the hospital for IVIG therapy. b. Begin a short course of corticosteroid therapy. c. Refer to a pediatric hematologist. d. Teach to avoid NSAIDs and contact sports.
d
12. A 2yearold child is brought to the clinic after developing a hoarse, barklike cough during the night with "trouble catching his breath" according to the parent. The history reveals a 2 day history of lowgrade fever and upper respiratory symptoms. On exam, the child has a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute, occasional stridor when crying, and a temperature of 101.3°F. What is the next step in treatment for this child? a. Administer intramuscular dexamethasone. b. Admit the child for inpatient hospitalization. c. Give the child a racemic epinephrine treatment in the office. d. Prescribe oral dexamethasone for 2 days.
d
13. A child who had GABHS 2 weeks prior is in the clinic with periorbital edema, dyspnea, and elevated blood pressure. A urinalysis reveals teacolored urine with hematuria and mild proteinuria. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do to manage this condition? a. Prescribe a 10- to 14-day course of high-dose amoxicillin b. Prescribe high-dose steroids in consultation with a nephrologist c. Reassure the parents that this condition will resolve spontaneously d. Refer the child to a pediatric nephrologist for hospitalization
d
13. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner evaluates a child who awoke with a sore throat and high fever after a nap. The child appears anxious and is sitting on the parent's lap with the neck hyperextended. The physical exam reveals stridor, drooling, nasal flaring, and retractions. What will the nurse practitioner do next? a. Administer a broadspectrum intravenous antibiotic. b. Obtain blood and throat cultures and start antibiotic therapy. c. Send the child to radiology for a lateral neck radiograph. d. Transport the child to the hospital via emergency medical services.
d
13. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a well baby exam on a term 4monthold infant and observes flattening of the left occiput, bossing of the right occiput, and anterior displacement of the left ear. The parents report performing various positioning maneuvers, but say that the baby's head shape has worsened. What will the nurse practitioner recommend to correct this finding? a. Allow the infant to sleep on the tummy when the parents are in the room. b. Lay the infant in the "back to sleep" position, alternating the left and right occiput. c. Order a head CT to evaluate the infant for craniosynostosis. d. Refer the infant for orthotic cranial molding helmet therapy.
d
14. A 4yearold child who has previously met developmental milestones is not toiled trained. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes decreased reflexes in the lower extremities and observe a dimple above the gluteal cleft. Which diagnosis may be considered for this child? a. ArnoldChiari malformation b. Reye syndrome c. Spina bifida cystica d. Tethered cord
d
14. A 5monthold infant who has a 3day history of cough and rhinorrhea has developed symptoms of respiratory distress with audible expiratory wheezes and increased coughing. The infant's immunizations are uptodate. The physical exam reveals a respiratory rate of 50 breaths per minute, coarse expiratory wheezing, and prolonged expiration. An oxygen saturation is 96% on room air. What is the recommended treatment for this infant? a. Administer a trial of bronchodilators. b. Obtain a viral culture of nasal washings. c. Order an oral corticosteroid medication. d. Recommend increased fluids and close followup.
d
15. A schoolage child who uses a SABA and an inhaled corticosteroid medication is seen in the clinic for an acute asthma exacerbation. After 4 puffs of an inhaled shortacting B2 agonist (SABA) every 20 minutes for three treatments, spirometry testing shows an FEV1 of 60% of the child's personal best. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do next? a. Administer an oral corticosteroid and repeat the three treatments of the inhaled SABA. b. Admit the child to the hospital for every 2 hour inhaled SABA and intravenous steroids. c. Give the child 2 mg/kg of an oral corticosteroid and have the child taken to the emergency department. d. Order an oral corticosteroid, continue the SABA every 3 to 4 hours, and follow closely.
d
15. During a well child examination of a 2yearold child, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner palpates a unilateral, smooth, firm abdominal mass which does not cross the midline. What is the next course of action that? a. Order a CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis b. Perform urinalysis, CBC, and renal function tests c. Reevaluate the mass in 1 to 2 weeks d. Refer the child to an oncologist immediately
d
16. A 16yearold adolescent female whose BMI is at the 90th percentile reports irregular periods. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes widespread acne on her face and back and an abnormal distribution of facial hair. The nurse practitioner will evaluate her further based on a suspicion of which diagnosis? a. Dyslipidemia b. Hypothyroidism c. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis d. Polycystic ovary syndrome
d
19. A 12yearold child whose BMI is greater than the 95th percentile has a blood pressure at the 98th percentile for age, sex, and height. After lifestyle changes that include diet and exercise, the child's BMI drops to the 90th percentile, but the blood pressure remains the same. What is the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner's next step in treating this child? a. Continued close monitoring of blood pressure b. Ordering an echocardiogram or MRI c. Prescribing an ACE inhibitor medication d. Referral to a nephrologist or cardiologist
d
19. An adolescent male comes to the clinic reporting unilateral scrotal pain, nausea, and vomiting that began that morning. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner palpates a painful, swollen testis and elicits increased pain with slight elevation of the testis (a negative Phren's sign). What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Administer IM ceftriaxone and prescribe doxycycline twice daily for 10 days b. Encourage bed rest, scrotal support, and ice packs to the scrotum as tolerated. c. Prescribe NSAIDs, limited activities, and warm compresses to the scrotum d. Refer the adolescent immediately to a pediatric urologist or surgeon
d
2. A child has an acute infection causing lower airway obstruction. Which initial symptom is expected in this child? a. Atelectasis b. Barrel chest c. Overinflation d. Wheezing
d
2. A toddler who was born prematurely refuses most solid foods and has poor weight gain. A barium swallow study reveals a normal esophagus. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner consider next to manage this child's nutritional needs? a. Consultation with a dietician b. Fiberoptic endoscopy evaluation c. Magnetic resonance imaging d. Videofluoroscopy swallowing study
d
2. The clean catch urine specimen of a child with dysuria, frequency, and fever has a colony count between 50,000 and 100,000 of E. coli. What is the treatment for this child? a. Obtain a complete blood count and C-reactive protein b. Perform sensitivity testing before treating with antibiotics c. Repeat the culture is symptoms persist or worsen d. Treat with antibiotics for urinary tract infection
d
2. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a 3yearold. The child's parent reports that the child has recently begun masturbating. What will the nurse practitioner counsel this parent? a. To allow the behavior whenever it occurs, since it is normal b. To discuss sexuality with the child c. To explore whether the child is being abused d. To teach the child about privacy and hand hygiene
d
2. To evaluate brain tissue disorders in infants, which test is useful? a. Computerized tomography b. Head radiographs c. Magnetic resonance imaging d. Ultrasonography
d
3. A toddler is seen in the clinic after a 2day history of intermittent vomiting and diarrhea. An assessment reveals an irritable child with dry mucous membranes, 3second capillary refill, 2 second recoil of skin, mild tachycardia and tachypnea, and cool hands and feet. The child has had two wet diapers in the past 24 hours. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner recommend? a. Antidiarrheal medication and clear fluids for 24 hours b. Bolus of IV normal saline in the clinic until improvement c. Hospital admission for IV rehydration and oral fluids d. Oral rehydration solution with followup in 24 hours
d
3. During a well child assessment, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner auscultates a harsh, blowing grade IV/VI murmur in a 6monthold infant. What will the nurse practitioner do next? a. Get a complete blood count to rule out severe anemia. b. Obtain an electrocardiogram to assess for arrhythmia. c. Order a chest radiograph to evaluate for cardiomegaly. d. Refer to a pediatric cardiologist for further evaluation.
d
4. A 7monthold infant has had two prior acute ear infections and is currently on the 10th day of therapy with amoxicillinclavulanate after a failed course of amoxicillin. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes marked middle ear effusion and erythema of the TM. The child is irritable and has a temperature of 99.8°F. What is the next step in management of this child's ear infection? a. Order a second course of amoxicillinclavulanate. b. Perform tympanocentesis for culture. c. Prescribe clindamycin twice daily. d. Refer the child to an otolaryngologis
d
4. A 9yearold girl has a history of frequent vomiting and her mother has frequent migraine headaches. The child has recently begun having more frequent and prolonged episodes accompanied by headaches. An exam reveals abnormal eye movements and mild ataxia. What is the correct action? a. Begin using an antimigraine medication to prevent headaches. b. Prescribe ondansetron and lorazepam to help manage symptoms. c. Reassure the parent that this is expected with cyclic vomiting syndrome. d. Refer to a pediatric gastroenteroleogist for further workup.
d
6. A 9-month-old infant with a history of three urinary tract infections is diagnosed with grade II vesicoureteral reflux. Which medication will be prescribed? a. Amoxicillin 10 mg/kg as a single daily dose b. Ceftriaxone IM 50 mg/kg as a single daily dose c. Nitrofurantoin 1-2 mg/kg as a single daily dose d. TMP-SMX; TMP 2 mg/kg as a single daily dose
d
6. A schoolage child has a 3month history of dull, aching epigastric pain that worsens with eating and awakens the child from sleep. A complete blood count shows a hemoglobin of 8 mg/dL. What is the next step in management? a. Administration of H2RA or PPI medications b. Empiric therapy for H. pylori (HP) c. Ordering an upper GI series d. Referral for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
d
6. The pediatric nurse practitioner provides primary care for a 5yearold child who has cerebral palsy who exhibits athetosis and poor weight gain in spite of receiving highcalorie formula to supplement intake. The child has had several episodes of pneumonia in the past year. Which specialty consultation is a priority for this child? a. Feeding clinic to manage caloric intake b. Neurology to assess medication needs c. Pulmonology for possible tracheotomy d. Surgery for possible fundoplication and gastrostomy
d
7. The parent of a 4yearold points to a picture and says, "That's your sister." The child responds by saying, "No! It's my baby!" This is an example of which type of thinking in preschoolage children? a. Animism b. Egocentrism c. Artificialism d. Realism
d
8. A 3monthold infant who was previously healthy now has a persistent cough, bilateral lung crackles, and poor appetite. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner auscultates a grade III/VI, lowpitched, holosystolic murmur over the left lower sternal border and palpates the liver at one centimeter below the ribs. What diagnosis is likely? a. Atrial septal defect b. Coarctation of the aorta c. Patent ductus arteriosis d. Ventricular septal defect
d
8. A child with a recent history of URI reports tingling and pain in one ear followed by sagging of one side of the face. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner observes that the child cannot close the eye or mouth on the affected side but does not elicit limb weakness on that side. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Initiate a short course of antibiotic therapy. b. Perform diagnostic testing to rule out serious causes. c. Prepare the parents for lifelong complications. d. Prescribe oral prednisone 1 mg/kg/day initially.
d
8. A healthy 14yearold female has a dipstick urinalysis that is positive for 56 RBCs per hpf but otherwise normal. What is the first question the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will ask this patient? a. "Are you sexually active?" b. "Are you taking any medications?" c. "Have you had a recent fever?" d. "When was your last menstrual period (LMP)?"
d
8. After 14 days of treatment with amoxicillin 45 mg/kg/day for acute rhinosinusitis, a child continues to have mucopurulent nasal discharge along with induration, swelling, and erythema of both eyelids. What is the next course of treatment? a. Amoxicillin 80 mg/kg/day for 14 days b. Amoxicillinclavulanate for 10 to 14 days c. Antibiotic ophthalmic drops for 5 to 7 days d. Referral to a pediatric otolaryngologist
d
A 10monthold infant has an erythematous, fluctuant, nondraining abscess on the right buttock after 10 days of treatment with amoxicillin for impetigo. What is the next step in managing this infant's care? a. Consultation with a pediatric infectious disease specialist b. Culture of any superficial open surface wounds c. Empiric treatment with clindamycin d. Incision and drainage of the abscess with culture
d
A 15yearold female basketball player who has secondary amenorrhea is evaluated by the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner who notes a BMI in the 3rd percentile. What will the nurse practitioner counsel this patient? a. That amenorrhea in female athletes is not concerning b. That she should begin a program of plyometrics and strength training c. To consider a different sport, such as volleyball d. To work with a dietician to improve healthy weight gain
d
A 3yearold child who attends day care has had a fever, nausea, and vomiting several weeks prior and now has darkened urine and constipation along with hepatomegaly and right upper quadrant tenderness. What treatment is warranted for this child? a. HAV vaccine b. Immunoglobulin G c. Interferonalfa d. Supportive care
d
A 6yearold female has had a recent growth spurt and an exam reveals breast and pubic hair development. Her bone age is determined to be 8 years. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do next? a. Order LH and FSH levels and a longacting GnRH agonist. b. Order thyroid function tests to exclude primary hypothyroidism. c. Reassure the parent that this is most likely idiopathic. d. Refer the child to a pediatric endocrinologist for management.
d
A child has a difficult temperament. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell the parent about managing this child's behavior? a. A difficult temperament is its own risk factor for maladjustment disorders. b. Children with difficult temperaments need strict adherence to rules. c. Having a difficult temperament limits intelligence and emotional maturity d. It is important for the parent to learn to manage criticism and power struggles.
d
A child whose family has been camping in a region with endemic Lyme disease suffered several tick bites. The parents report removing the ticks but are not able to or the length of time the ticks were attached. The child is asymptomatic. What is the action? a. Administer a prophylactic single dose of doxycycline. b. Perform serologic testing for IgG or IgM antibodies. c. Prescribe amoxicillin three times daily for 14 to 21 days. d. Teach the parents which signs and symptoms to report.
d
A child whose parents have refused vaccines has been exposed to chickenpox, and the parents ask whether the child may attend day care. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell them? a. The child may attend day care as long as no rash is present even with mild fever or other symptoms. b. The child should remain home and receive oral acyclovir for 5 days to prevent onset of symptoms. c. The child should stay home until the 21day incubation period has passed even if symptom free. d. The child should stay home if any symptoms occur and may return in 1 week if no rash develops.
d
A preschoolage child is brought to clinic for evaluation of a rash. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes an intense red eruption on the child's cheeks and circumoral pallor. What will the nurse practitioner tell the parents about this rash? a. This rash may be a prodromal sign of rubella or roseola. b. The child will need immunization boosters to prevent serious disease. c. This is a benign rash with no known serious complications. d. Expect a lacy, maculopapular rash to develop on the trunk and extremities.
d
A preschoolage child who attends day care has a 2day history of matted eyelids in the morning and burning and itching of the eyes. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes yellowgreen purulent discharge from both eyes, conjunctival erythema, and mild URI symptoms. Which action is correct? a. Culture the conjunctival discharge. b. Observe the child for several days. c. Order an oral antibiotic medication. d. Prescribe topical antibiotic drops.
d
A schoolage child is hit in the face with a baseball bat and reports pain in one eye. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is able to see a dark red fluid level between the cornea and iris on gross examination, but the child resists any exam with a light. Which action is correct? a. Administer an oral analgesic medication. b. Apply a Fox shield and reevaluate the eye in 24 hours. c. Instill anesthetic eyedrops into the affected eye. d. Refer the child immediately to an ophthalmologist.
d
A schoolage child with asthma is seen for a well child checkup and, in spite of "feeling fine," has pronounced expiratory wheezes, decreased breath sounds, and an FEV1less than 70% of personal best. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that the child's parent administers the daily mediumdose ICS but that the child is responsible for using the SABA. A treatment of 4 puffs of a SABA in clinic results in marked improvement in the child's status. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Have the parent administer all of the child's medications. b. Increase the ICS medication to a highdose preparation. c. Reinforce teaching about the importance of using the SABA. d. Teach the child and parent how to use home PEF monitoring.
d
A toddler exhibits exotropia of the right eye during a coveruncover screen. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will refer to a pediatric ophthalmologist to initiate which treatment? a. Botulinum toxin injection b. Corrective lenses c. Occluding the affected eye for 6 hours per day d. Patching of the unaffected eye for 2 hours each day
d
An adolescent female reports poor sleep, fatigue, muscle and joint paint, and anxiety lasting for several months. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes point tenderness at several sites. What will the nurse practitioner do next? a. Evaluate the adolescent's pain using a numeric pain scale. b. Obtain ANA, CBC, liver function, and muscle enzymes tests. c. Reassure the adolescent that this condition is not lifethreatening. d. Refer the adolescent to a rheumatologist for further evaluation.
d
An adolescent female who is sexually active and who has not had the HPV vaccine asks if she may have it. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell her? a. Getting the vaccine now will still protect her from HPV oncogenic types even if already exposed b. Receiving the HPV vaccine series will replace the need for regular cervical cancer screening c. She will need to have Papanicolaou and pregnancy screening prior to receiving the vaccine d. The vaccine will not protect her from any HPV oncogenic types acquired previously
d
An adolescent takes ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) to treat phantom limb pain and reports that the medications are no longer effective. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do? a. Change the TCA to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. b. Evaluate the adolescent for drugseeking behavior. c. Increase the TCA dose and reevaluate in 2 to 3 weeks. d. Refer the adolescent to a pain management specialist.
d
An adolescent who has asthma and severe perennial allergies has poor asthma control in spite of appropriate use of a SABA and a daily highdose inhaled corticosteroid. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner do next to manage this child's asthma? a. Consider daily oral corticosteroid administration. b. Order an anticholinergic medication in conjunction with the current regimen. c. Prescribe a LABA/inhaled corticosteroid combination medication. d. Refer to a pulmonologist for omalizumab therapy.
d
An infant has congenital adrenal hyperplasia. At a routine well baby checkup, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes vomiting, poor feeding, lethargy, and dehydration. Which action is correct? a. Administer an intramuscular stress dose of hydrocortisone succinate. b. Administer intravenous fluids in the clinic and reassess hydration status. c. Prescribe an oral hydrocortisone in a replacement dose of 8 to 10 mg/M2. d. Refer the infant to the emergency department for fluids, dextrose, and steroids.
d
During a well child assessment of a 13yearold male, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes small testicles and pubic and axillary hair. To further evaluate these findings, the nurse practitioner will ask the patient about a. alcohol and tobacco use. b. changes in voice. c. increase in height and weight. d. participation in sports.
d
During a well child assessment of an 18monthold child, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner observes the child point to a picture of a dog and say, "Want puppy!" The nurse practitioner recognizes this as an example of a. Holophrastic speech b. Receptive speech c. Semantic speech d. Telegraphic speech
d
During a well child assessment of an AfricanAmerican infant, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes a dark redbrown light reflex in the left eye and a slightly brighter, redorange light reflex in the right eye. The nurse practitioner will a. dilate the pupils and reassess the red reflex. b. order autorefractor screening of the eyes. c. recheck the red reflex in 1 month. d. refer the infant to an ophthalmologist.
d
During a well child exam on a 4yearold child, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes that the clinic nurse recorded "20/50" for the child's vision and noted that the child had difficulty cooperating with the exam. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Follow up with a visual acuity screen in 6 months. b. Refer to a pediatric ophthalmologist. c. Retest the child in 1 year. d. Test the child's vision in 1 month.
d
During a well child examination of a 6yearold girl, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes that the child becomes embarrassed and resists taking off her underwear for the exam. What should the nurse practitioner infer from this observation? a. The child has been sexually molested. b. The child is feeling violated by the examiner. c. The parent is exhibiting regressive behavior. d. This is a normal reaction in a child of this age.
d
During a well child examination on an infant who has colic, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner learns that the infant's mother is 17 years old and that the father, who is in the military, was deployed to wartime duty shortly after the baby was born. To determine the immediate risk of child maltreatment for this infant, the nurse practitioner will ask about a. childrearing and parenting styles. b. role responsibilities of the parents. c. spiritual beliefs and religious practices. d. the location of extended family members.
d
The mother of a 16yearold male was recently divorced after several years of an abusive relationship and tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the adolescent has begun skipping school and hanging out with friends at the local shopping mall. When she confronts her child, he responds by saying that he hates her. What will the nurse practitioner tell this mother? a. Adolescence is marked by an inability to comprehend complex situations. b. Adolescence is typically marked by tempestuous and transient episodes. c. Adolescents normally have extreme, disruptive conflicts with parents. d. Adolescents often need counseling to help them cope with life events
d
The mother of a 2monthold infant tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that she is afraid her breast milk is "drying up" because her baby never seems satisfied and wants to nurse all the time. Which action is correct? a. Recommend pumping her breasts after feedings. b. Refer the mother to a lactation consultant. c. Suggest supplementation with formula. d. Weigh the infant to assess for a growth spurt.
d
The mother of a 3monthold male infant tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that she occasionally notices he has a penile erection just after nursing. What will the nurse practitioner tell the mother? a. Infants should be prevented from masturbating. b. The infant is conscious of the pleasure associated with nursing. c. This is a form of infantile priapism. d. This is a normal, reflexive behavior at this age.
d
The mother of a 6weekold breastfeeding infant tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that her baby, who previously had bowel movements with each feeding, now has a bowel movement once every third day. What will the nurse practitioner tell her? a. Her baby is probably constipated b. It may be related to her dietary intake c. She should consume more water d. This may be normal for breastfed babies
d
The mother of a female infant is concerned that her daughter is developing breasts. The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner notes mild breast development but no pubic or axillary hair. What is the likely diagnosis? a. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia causing breast development b. Precocious puberty needing endocrinology management c. Premature adrenarche which will lead to pubic hair onset d. Premature thelarche which will resolve over time
d
The mother of two schoolage children tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that she and the children's father are divorcing and asks for advice to help the children cope with the situation. The nurse practitioner will counsel her to a. allow visitation only on weekends. b. maintain her own social life. c. notify the children's teachers. d. use a social support network.
d
The parent of a 12monthold infant asks the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner why 2% cow's milk is recommended instead of whole milk. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent? a. Whole milk is usually not fortified with vitamin D. b. 2% milk is higher in essential proteins and minerals. c. Young children don't need the extra calories found in whole milk. d. Younger children need a limited amount of fats.
d
The parent of a 3yearold child tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that after falling asleep in the living room and being awakened to go to bed one evening, the child appeared confused and disoriented for a period of time. What will the nurse practitioner counsel this parent? a. That if this occurs again, to question the child about nightmares b. That this is a sign of sleep walking and could be dangerous c. That this is a type of sleep terror which will resolve over time d. That this is probably a benign, temporary type of a sleep disorder
d
The parent of a preschoolage child reports that the child often appears anxious and nervous and that this is associated occasionally with a rapid heart rate and tremors. What is the best type of referral that the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner could recommend? a. Cognitivebehavioral therapy b. Family therapy c. Medication therapy d. Play therapy
d
The parent of a schoolage child is concerned because the child has started to express anger about a grandparent's death even though this occurred when the child was a toddler. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell the parent? a. Anger is an abnormal reaction to bereavement and loss in this age child. b. Counseling is needed since the child has had sufficient time to resolve this issue. c. Grief and bereavement lasting longer than a year may require medication. d. The significance of this loss must be reworked at each developmental level.
d
The parent of a schoolage child who has asthma tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child often comes home from school with severe wheezing after gym class and needs to use his metereddose inhaler right away. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Recommend that the child go to the school nurse when symptoms start. b. Review the child's asthma action plan and possibly increase his steroid dose c. Suggest asking the school to excuse the child from gym class. d. Write the prescription for two metereddose inhalers with spacers.
d
The parent of a toddler tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the family has adopted a plantbased diet and the child is receiving rice and almond milk instead of cow's milk. The nurse practitioner will counsel the parents about a. calcium deficiency. b. excess caloric intake. c. excess fat intake. d. protein deficiency.
d
The parents of a 12yearold child are concerned that some of the child's older classmates may be a bad influence on their child, who, they say, has been raised to believe in right and wrong. What will the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner tell the parent? a. Allowing the child to make poor choices and accept consequences is important for learning values b. Children at this age have a high regard for authority and social norms, so this is not likely to happen c. Moral values instilled in the early school-age period will persist throughout childhood d. The pressures from outside influences may supersede parental teachings and should be confronted
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner applies fluorescein stain to a child's eye. When examining the eye with a cobalt blue filter light, the entire cornea appears cloudy. What does this indicate? a. The cornea has not been damaged. b. There is too little stain on the cornea. c. There is damage to the cornea. d. There is too much stain on the cornea.
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner attempts to learn more about the emotional health of an 18monthold child through which assessment strategy? a. Asking the child to tell a story using dolls and other props b. Asking the child to draw a picture of him or herself and other family members c. Interviewing the child separately from caretakers and parents d. Observation of the child with caretakers in structured and unstructured situations
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling a family whose parents are divorcing. To help support the children and reduce their stress through this process, the nurse practitioner will recommend a. allowing children to choose the custodial parent. b. being open about ongoing parental conflicts. c. establishing a single custody living arrangement. d. maintaining a civil relationship when discussing children.
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling the mother of a newborn about breastfeeding her infant. Which supplements will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Fatsoluble vitamins b. Iron c. Multivitamins with iron d. Vitamin D
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling the parent of an 8yearold child who has primary nocturnal enuresis. The nurse practitioner recommends an enuresis alarm, but the parent wishes to use medication. What will the nurse practitioner tell the parent? a. Anticholinergic medications are most commonly used for enuresis. b. Drug therapy is an effective way to achieve longterm control. c. Drug therapy is safest when the nasal spray form is used. d. The combination of alarm therapy and intermittent drug therapy.
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is counseling the parents of a toddler about sleep. The parents report that the toddler has recently begun resisting sleep and is often more irritable during the day. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Cosleeping with the child to help alleviate possible nighttime fears b. Referral to a sleep disorders clinic for evaluation of sleepdisordered breathing c. Reintroducing a second, morning nap time to compensate for lost sleep d. Understanding that sleep resistance is a common developmental problem
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a 12yearold girl who reports penile penetration of her vagina by her mother's boyfriend the day before yesterday. The PNP reports this to the local child abuse hotline. What is the PNP's next action? a. Attaining a history of the abuse from the child b. Obtaining urethral specimens for STI testing c. Performing a colposcopic examination to evaluate for trauma d. Referring the child to the ED for forensic specimen collection
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is evaluating a 16yearold adolescent male who is on the high school wrestling team and whose weight fluctuates as much as 7 or 8 pounds before matches. The child is eager to talk about the various trophies he has won. When he expresses confidence that he will get a wrestling scholarship for college, his father remarks that his grades will never be good enough for college, causing him to blame his teachers. The nurse practitioner may identify potential problems with a. body image. b. personal identity. c. role performance. d. selfesteem.
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is examining a young child who was brought in by a grandmother for evaluation of a partialthickness burn on one arm. The PNP suspects that this is an intentional injury, but the grandmother states that the parents are "just careless" and that the child is now living with her. What will the PNP do? a. Flag this as a concerning incident in the child's record. b. Reassure the grandmother that she is doing the right thing. c. Refer the child's parents to a parenting resource center. d. Report a suspicion of abuse to child protective services.
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is offering anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 12monthold child. The parents are bilingual in Spanish and English and have many Spanishspeaking relatives nearby. They are resisting exposing the child to Spanish out of concern that the child will not learn English well. What will the pediatric nurse practitioner tell the parents? a. Children who learn two languages simultaneously often confuse them in conversation b. Children with multi-language proficiency do not understand that others cannot do this c. Learning two languages at an early age prevents children from developing a dominant language d. most bilingual children are able to shift from one language to another when appropriate
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a 2yearold child with a history of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) whose height remains less than the 3rd percentile on a WHO growth chart. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Consider prescribing growth hormone therapy. b. Reassure the parent that this is normal for this child. c. Refer the child to a dietician for dietary supplementation. d. Refer the child to a pediatric endocrinologist.
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing a well child examination on a fussy toddler who has red hair. The child's parent tells the toddler to stop being fussy and says, "red hair gives him such a temper." Which common error that erodes selfesteem is this? a. Dwelling on negatives b. Expecting too much c. Negating the child's feelings d. Stereotyping and typecasting
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is performing an exam on an adolescent male who asks about sexual identity because of concern that a friend is worried about being gay. Which response will the nurse practitioner make in this situation? a. Provide the teen with a questionnaire to gain information about his sexuality. b. Remind the adolescent that mandatory reporting requires disclosure to parents. c. Suggest that the adolescent discuss sexual concerns with his parents. d. Tell the adolescent that, unless he is at risk, what he says will be confidential.
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is providing anticipatory guidance to the parent of a schoolage boy. The parent expresses concerns that the child prefers to play with dolls, is worried that the child will be a homosexual, and asks what can be done to prevent this from happening. What will the nurse practitioner tell this parent? a. Homosexual identity formation cannot be predicted by early childhood behavior. b. Masculinizing boys from an early age helps to determine heterosexual orientation. c. Sexual orientation identification begins late in adolescence and not in childhood. d. The development of sexual orientation is generally a multifaceted process.
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is reviewing the rheumatology plan of care for a child who is diagnosed with SLE. Besides reinforcing information about prescribed medications, what will the nurse practitioner teach the family to help minimize flaring of episodes? a. Have the child rest between activities. b. Obtain regular ophthalmology exams. c. Participate in lowimpact exercises. d. Use UVA and UVB sunscreen daily.
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is selecting a medication for a 12yearold child who is newly diagnosed with ADHD. The child is overweight, has a history of an atrial septal defect at birth, and reports mild shortness of breath during exercise. What will the nurse practitioner prescribe? a. A lowdose stimulant medication b. A nonstimulant medication c. Behavioral therapy only d. Cardiovascular prescreening
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner is treating an infant with lacrimal duct obstruction who has developed bacterial conjunctivitis. After 2 weeks of treatment with topical antibiotics along with massage and frequent cleansing of secretions, the infant's symptoms have not improved. Which action is correct? a. Perform massage more frequently. b. Prescribe an oral antibiotic. c. Recommend hot compresses. d. Refer to an ophthalmologist.
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner observes a tender, swollen red furuncle on the upper lid margin of a child's eye. What treatment will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Culture of the lesion to determine causative organism b. Referral to ophthalmology for incision and drainage c. Topical steroid medication d. Warm, moist compresses 3 to 4 times daily
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a physical examination on a 9monthold infant and notes two central incisors on the lower gums. The parent states that the infant nurses, takes solid foods three times daily, and occasionally takes water from a cup. What will the pediatric nurse practitioner counsel the parent to promote optimum dental health? a. To begin brushing the infant's teeth with toothpaste b. To consider weaning the infant from breastfeeding c. To discontinue giving fluoride supplements d. To make an appointment for an initial dental examination
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs a vision screen on a 4monthold infant and notes the presence of convergence and accommodation with mild esotropia of the left eye. What will the nurse practitioner do? a. Patch the right eye to improve coordination of the left eye. b. Reassure the parents that the infant will outgrow this. c. Recheck the infant's eyes in 2 to 4 weeks. d. Refer the infant to a pediatric ophthalmologist.
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner performs an initial well baby exam on a 1weekold infant who is breastfeeding and who is at birth weight. The mother tells the nurse practitioner that her baby is already sleeping 5 or 6 hours at night. What will the nurse practitioner recommend? a. Consultation with a lactation specialist to assess intake b. Pumping her breast during the night to maintain milk supply c. Supplementing the last feeding of the day with formula d. Waking the infant up at least every 3 hours to nurse
d
The primary care pediatric nurse practitioner sees a 3dayold nursing infant whose newborn metabolic screen is positive for galactosemia. The nurse practitioner refers the newborn to a specialist for immediate evaluation and will tell the mother a. to continue to breastfeed her infant. b. to give the infant a cow's milk formula. c. to supplement breast milk with formula. d. to stop breastfeeding immediately.
d
When counseling an adolescent with a family history of hyperinsulinemia and type 2 diabetes, the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will recommend avoiding a. baked potato chips. b. canned vegetables. c. highfiber cereals. d. processed breads.
d
The parent of a child diagnosed with ADHD tells the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner that the child gets overwhelmed by homework assignments, doesn't seem to know which ones to do first, and then doesn't do any assignments. The nurse practitioner tells the parent that this represents impairment in which executive function? e. Activation f. Effort g. Emotion h. Focus
e