Peds Quizlet

Newborns are obligatory nose breathers until when?

Around 4 weeks

Where to check pulses on infant?

Brachial or femoral

Where to check pulses on >1 year

Radial, carotid

Newborns lack amylase and lipase until when?

4-6 months

When do infant fontanels close?

Both close by 12-18 months Posterior closes by 2-3 months

A 9-month-old has been brought to the clinic for a well-child visit. The mother reports her son was born 6 weeks prematurely. During the data collection, the child's mother reports her son seems to be a few months "behind" what she recalls from her older children. What is the best response by the nurse? "We will need to check this out since any delays related to prematurity should be resolved by the time a child is 6 months old." "All children mature and develop at different rates so it is unwise to compare them in this way." "Delays are normal when a child is premature." "You should talk with the doctor about getting your son tested."

Correct response: "Delays are normal when a child is premature." Explanation: When infants are born prematurely delays may be noted. When assessing the growth and development of a premature infant, use the infant's adjusted age to determine expected outcomes. To determine adjusted age, subtract the number of weeks that the infant was premature from the infant's chronological age. Plot growth parameters and assess developmental milestones based on adjusted age. Delays will not necessarily be resolved by the age of 6 months. While the mother should talk with the physician about concerns, this is not the best initial response by the nurse.

The parent of a 3-month-old infant is concerned because the infant does not yet sit by oneself. Which statement best reflects average sitting ability? Most infants sit steadily at 3 months; this infant is slightly delayed. Most infants do not sit steadily until 8 months; this infant is normal. Sitting ability and the age of first tooth eruption are correlated. Most infants sit steadily at 4 months; this infant is normal.

Correct response: Most infants do not sit steadily until 8 months; this infant is normal. Explanation: At 3 months of age the infant should be able to raise the head about 45 degrees when in the prone position. The infant does yet have the developmental skills for sitting. Most infants are unable to sit steadily until 8 months of age. Gross motor skill development does not correlate with tooth eruption. The nurse should reassure the parent that this infant is on tract developmentally.

The nurse is completing a developmental assessment on a 6-month-old infant. Which findings indicate the need for additional follow-up? Select all that apply. The infant babbles. The infant does not pay attention to noises behind him. The infant has frequent episodes of crossed eyes. The infant seems disinterested in the surrounding environment. The infant is unable string together 2 word sentences.

Correct response: The infant does not pay attention to noises behind him. The infant has frequent episodes of crossed eyes. The infant seems disinterested in the surrounding environment. Explanation: Warning signs that may indicate problems with sensory development include the following: young infant does not respond to loud noises; child does not focus on a near object; infant does not start to make sounds or babble by 4 months of age; infant does not turn to locate sound at age 4 months; infant crosses eyes most of the time at age 6 months. Language development at this stage of development does not include stringing together 2-word sentences.

The nurse is performing an assessment on a 8-month-old infant. The infant's medical history notes that he was born at 32 weeks' gestation. The infant is progressing normally. At what adjusted age should the nurse expect the infant's developmental accomplishments? The infant can be expected to display developmental skills consistent with a 8-month-old infant. By 8 months of age, the child's skill level will vary greatly and cannot be predicted. The infant will most likely present with developmental skills consistent with a 6-month-old infant. The infant will likely show the skills of an infant with the adjusted age of 7 month.

Correct response: The infant will most likely present with developmental skills consistent with a 6-month-old infant. Explanation: When assessing the growth and development of a premature infant, the nurse will use the infant's adjusted age to determine expected outcomes. To determine adjusted age, the nurse subtracts the number of weeks that the infant was premature from the infant's chronological age. The infant who was born at 32 weeks' gestation was 8 weeks or 2 months premature. To determine the adjusted age, the nurse subtracts 2 months from the chronological age of 8 months: 6 months.

A staff nurse is talking about Piaget's theory with a nursing student. Infants are in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development during which object permanence is mastered. An example of an infant displaying this ability is: looking for a toy in her crib at the last place she saw it. shaking a rattle to enjoy the sound. pushing a spoon from her high chair tray to the floor. smiling at herself in the mirror.

Correct response: looking for a toy in her crib at the last place she saw it. Explanation: Looking for the toy where it was last seen indicates object permanence. The infant knows the object still exists even though she cannot see it. All the rest of the infant's behaviors show use of her senses and motor activity but do not illustrate object permanence.

The nurse pulls the 5-month-old to sitting position from supine and notes head lag. The nurse's response is to: refer the infant for developmental and/or neurologic evaluation. conclude the earlier assessments carried out fatigued the infant. consider this a normal response for the age. suggest more awake tummy time for the child.

Correct response: refer the infant for developmental and/or neurologic evaluation. Explanation: There should be no head lag by 4 months. Head lag in the 5-month-old may indicate motor or neurologic problems and needs immediate follow-up. All other nursing actions indicate failure to recognize the problem.

The best way for an infant's parent to help the child complete the developmental task of the first year is to: expose the infant to many caregivers to help the infant learn variability. talk to the infant at a special time each day. respond to the infant consistently. keep the infant stimulated with many toys.

Correct response: respond to the infant consistently. Explanation: The developmental task of an infant is gaining a sense of trust. The infant develops this sense from the caretakers who respond to the child's needs, such as feeding, changing diapers, being held. It is a continuous process. A sense of trust is difficult to learn if things are constantly changing. Consistently responding to an infant's needs helps to build a sense of trust. An infant is too young to have variability in caretakers. This causes mistrust. The parents or caretakers do not need a special time to talk to the infant each day. It should be done with each interaction. Providing too much stimulus before the infant develops gross motor skills causes frustration from the child and not enjoyment.

First 2 signs of respiratory distress in peds

Decreased Sp02 Tachypnea