Penny Review

From the list below, which vessel would be the shortest in length? a. RRV b. RRA c. LRV d. LRA

a. RRV

Gastric cancer is most often in the form of: a. cystadenocarcinoma b. adenocarcinoma c. rhabdomyocarcinoma d. angiosarcoma

b. adenocarcinoma

All of the following are associated with Conn Syndrome except: a. Adrenal adenoma b. Hypertension c. Excessive thirst d. Thinning arms and legs

D. thinning arms and legs

All of the following may be discovered sonographically within the chest except: a. bronchial infections b. pleural effusion c. lymphomas d. thymomas

a. bronchial infections

The spleen removes irregular cells from the bloodstream and retains them through a process called: a. pitting b. culling c. crimping d. amassing

b. culling

The spiral valves of heister are found within the: a. gallbladder neck b. cystic duct c. gallbladder fundus d. gallbladder wall

b. cystic duct

Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic renal failure? a. hypertension b. diabetes mellitus c. ARPKD d. acute tubular necrosis

b. diabetes mellitus

All of the following are common clinical findings in infants that present with intussusception except: a. vomiting b. first-born male infant c. red currant jelly stools d. leukocytosis

b. first-born male infant

Intermittent obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone results in: a. emphysematous cholecystitis b. gangrenous cholecystitis c. chronic cholecystitis d. acute cholecystitis

c. chronic cholecystitis

Renal cysts that project out away from the kidney are termed: a. exophytic b. perapelvic c. cortical d. peripelvic

c. cortical

The most common level for biliary obstruction to occur is the: a. Junction of the rt and lt hepatic ducts b. proximal CHD c. distal CBD d. cystic duct

c. distal CBD

The adrenal glands are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule called: a. glisson capsule b. adrenalcortical fascia c. gerota fascia d. glisson fascia

c. gerota fascia

Which of the following is not a sonographic finding consistent with Crohn disease? a. bowel wall thickening b. noncompressible bowel that has a target appearance c. increased peristalsis d. hyperemic wall

c. increased peristalsis

The presence of purulent material within the renal collecting system is termed: a. pylotosis b. pyelonephritis c. pyonephrosis d. emphysematous pyelonephritis

c. pyonephrosis

All of the following are true of the spleen except: a. it is the largest structure of the reticuloendothelial system b. the primary objective of the spleen is to filter the peripheral blood c. the spleen has a convex inferior margin and a concave superior border d. the spleen is considered the largest lymphatic organ

c. the spleen has a convex inferior margin and a concave superior border

The neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of: a. 1 year b. 2 year c. 4 years d. 5 years

d. 5 years

Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobes: a. ECV b. ECA c. IJV d. ICA

d. ICA

Which of the following is the most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged? a. UPJ b. midureter c. urethra d. UVJ

d. UVJ

Which cells carry out the exocrine function of the pancreas? a. Whipple cells B. Isles of Langerhans C. Delta Cells D. Acinar cells

d. acinar cells

Immunocompromised patients are more prone to develop what form of hepatic abnormality? a. hepatic adenoma b. amebic abscess c. hydatid liver abscess d. candidiasis

d. candidiasis

A 64-year-old man presents to the sonography department for a RUQ sonogram. He is complaining of abdominal pain, weight loss, and pruritis. Sonographically, you visualize an area of dilated ducts that abruptly end. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. biliary atresia b. choledocholithiasis c. caroli syndrome d. cholangiocarcinoma

d. cholangiocarcinoma

Enlarged lymph nodes tend to deviate from their normal sonographic appearance and become more: a. echogenic b. anechoic c. hypoechoic d. either b or c

d. either b or c

Clinical findings of an AAA include all of the following except: a. lower extremity pain b. back pain c. abdominal bruit d. neck pain

d. neck pain

The most common, extracranial, malignant mass in children is the: a. hepatoblastoma b. hypernephroma c. pheochromocytoma d. neuroblastoma

d. neuroblastoma

All of the following can be associated with splenomegaly except: a. trauma b. hemolytic abnormalities c. mononucleosis d. pancreatitis

d. pancreatitis

All of the following are forms of cholangitis except: a. acute bacterial b. aids c. oriental d. parabolic

d. parabolic

Clinical findings of hepatitis include all of the following except: a. jaundice b. fever c. chills d. pericholecystic fluid

d. pericholecystic fluid

The adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable hypertension, tachycardia and tremors is the a. neuroblastoma b. adrenal hematoma c. oncocytoma d. pheochromocytoma

d. pheochromocytoma

The situation when bowel protrudes into a weakened area in the lower 1/4 of the rectus muscle is referred to as: a. inguinal hernia b. linea alba hernia c. umbilical hernia d. spigelian hernia

d. spigelian hernia

Clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include all of the following except: a. UTI b. urinary calculi c. hyperparathyroidism d. weight loss

d. weight loss

One clinical sign of an insulinoma is the presence of: a. low blood sugar symptoms b. elevated AFP c. Hepatitis d. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

a. low blood sugar symptoms

The ligamentum teres can be used to separate the: a. Medial and lateral segments of lt lobe b. medial and posterior segments of rt lobe c. anterior and medial segments of the left lobe d. anterior and posterior segments of the right lobe

a. medial and lateral segments of rt lobe

Which statement is not true of cholelithiasis: a. men have an increased likelihood of developing b. patients who have been or are pregnant have an increased occurrence c. a rapid weight loss may increase the likelihood d. patients who have hemolytic disorders have an increased occurrence

a. men have an increased likelihood of developing

The junctional fold is found at which level of the gallbladder: a. neck b. fundus c. body d. phrygian cap

a. neck

The most common variant of gallbladder shape is: a. phrygian cap b. hartmann pouch c. septated gallbladder d. junctional fold

a. phrygian cap

Which of the following is not considered an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? a. ureteral stricture b. pregnancy c. neurogenic bladder d. uterine leiomyoma

a. ureteral stricture

All of the following are sonographic findings of malignant thyroid nodules except: a. internal calcifications b. echogenic mass c. cervical nod involvement d. solitary mass

b. echogenic mass

The most common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma is: a. hyperechoic mass b. heterogenous mass with calcifications c. anechoic mass d. hypoechoic mass

b. heterogeneous mass with calcifications

Clinical findings of retroperitoneal fibrosis include which of the following? a. hematuria b. migraine medication use c. diabetes mellitus d. diarrhea

b. migraine medication use

The pancreas is an: a. intraperitoneal organ b. retroperitoneal organ

b. retroperitoneal organ

The most common location of BPH is the: a. peripheral zone b. transitional zone c. central zone d. veromontanum

b. transitional zone

Which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? a. ureterocele b. urethritis c. urolithiasis d. UPJ obstruction

b. urethritis

A gastrinoma of the pancreas can produce: a. arpkd b. Von Hippel-Lindau disease c. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome d. Hyperinsulinism

c. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

The cystic artery is branch of the: a. main pancreatic artery b. celiac artery c. right hepatic artery d. left hepatic artery

c. right hepatic artery

A thyroid isthmus that measures greater than______ is indicative of thyroid enlargement: a. 8mm b. 5mm c. 12mm d. 10mm

d. 10mm

The biliary duct wall should never measure more than: a. 2mm b. 9mm c. 4mm d. 5mm

d. 5mm

Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following except: a. proteinuria b. throat infection c. azotemia d. hypercalcemia

d. hypercalcemia

The syndrome associated with hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and an adrenal mass is: a. Edwards syndrome b. Cushing syndrome c. Juliet syndrome d. Hirschsprung syndrome

B. Cushing syndrome

The lt lobe of the liver can be separated from the right lobe by: a. RHV b. MHV c. LHV d. falciform ligament

B. MHV

The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the CNS, and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is: a. tuberous sclerosis b. tuberculosis c. von Hippel-Lindau syndrome d. MDKD

C. von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

The systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys is: a. tuberous sclerosis b. tuberculosis c. von Hippel-Lindau syndrome d. MDKD

A. Tuberous sclerosis

Which of the following is not associated with the development of pneumobilia? a. cholangiopneumonia b. gastric surgery c. acute cholecystitis d. fistula formation

a. cholangiopneumonia

Co-existing obstruction of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct may be referred to as the: a. double-barrel shotgun sign b. courvoisier sign c. mirizzi sign d. double-duct sign

a. double-barrel shotgun sign

The middle layer of the gallbladder wall is the: a. fibromuscular layer b. mucosal layer c. serosal layer d. muscularis layer

a. fibromuscular layer

In a patient with suspected lymphoma, the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells indicates: a. hodgkin lymphoma b. non-hodgkin lymphoma c. metastatic liver disease d. splenic infarction

a. hodgkin lymphoma

The most common sonographic finding of a pheochromocytoma is a/an: a. hyperechoic mass b. hypoechoic mass c. anechoic mass d. complex mass

a. hyperechoic mass

The inferior extension of the caudate lobe is referred to as: a. papillary process b. focal hepatomegaly c. riedel process d. morison lobe

a. papillary process

The most common location of prostatic cancer is the : a. peripheral zone b. transitional zone c. central zone d. verumontanum

a. peripheral zone

A 35-year old female patient presents to the ultrasound department with a history of migraine headache medication use, weight loss, nausea, and malaise. Sonographically you visualize a 15-cm hypoechoic mass w/in the abdomen. Which of the following would be most likely? a. volvulus b. retroperitoneal fibrosis c. intussusception d. retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy

a. retroperitoneal fibrosis

The diameter of the IVC should never exceed: a. 1.5 cm b. 2.5 cm c. 3.5 cm d. 8 mm

b. 2.5cm

The diameter of the gallbladder should not exceed: A. 8 cm B. 5 cm C. 7 mm D. 3 cm

b. 5cm

What systemic disease results in the development of granulomas within the spleen and throughout the body? a. granulomatosis b. sarcoidosis c. sickle cell anemia d. histoplasmosis

b. sarcoidosis

Which of the following best describes the location of the right adrenal gland? a. posterior and lateral to the pancreas b. medial to the lower pole of the right kidney c. posterior and lateral to the IVC d. medial to the crus of the diaphram

c. posterior and lateral to the IVC

What is the most common location of retroperitoneal hematoma in hemophiliac patients? a. rectum b. anterior abdominal wall c. psoas muscle d. rectus abdominus muscle

c. psoas muscle

All of the following are functions of the spleen except: a. storage of iron b. defense against disease c. blood reservoir d. destruction of phagocytic cells

d. destruction of phagocytic cells