penny review chapter 7

which of the following renal conditions is associated with the developement of cysts within the pancreas and liver? ARPKD ADPKD MCDK acquired renal cystic disease

ADPKD

infantile polycystic kidney disease may also be referred to as:

ARPKD

a renal scar most likely appears as:

a echogenic area that extends from the renal sinus through the renal parenchyma

which of the following would be most indicative of renal artery stenosis? decreased cortical echogenicity a renal to aorta ratio that is greater than 3.5 enlarged kidney tardus-parvus waveform upstream to the stenosis

a renal to aorta ratio that is greater than 3.5

what renal cystic disease would be most likely caused by, and thus associated with hemodialysis?

acquired renal cystic disease

which of the following would be considered the most common solid renal mass? renal hematoma angiomyolipoma oncocytoma hypernephroma

angiomyolipoma

which of the following would be a common finding in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis? hemorrhage ascites renal artery stenosis renal vein thrombosis

ascites

what is the most common clinical finding of a simple renal cyst?

asymptomatic

which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of a kidney affected by ARPKD? bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys unilateral, smooth-walled, noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes located within the renal fossa small, echogenic kidneys numerous, large, complex renal cysts

bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys

the most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections is:

candida albicans

a female patient presents with a history of leukocytosis, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, and hematuria. sonographically, the kidneys appear normal, although the bladder wall measures 6 mm in the distended state. what is the most likely diagnosis?

cystitis

all of the following are clinical findings of ARF except: hematuria hypertension oliguria decreased BUN and creatinine

decreased BUN and creatinine

which of the following is the most common cause of CRF? hypertension diabetes mellitus ARPKD acute tubular necrosis

diabetes mellitus

a bulge on the lateral border of the kidney is:

dromedary hump

the most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is:

duplicated collecting system

renal cysts that project out away from the kidney are termed:

exophytic

which of the following is a childhood, autoimmune disease that results in the development of purple spots on the skin and possible renal failure? henoch-schonlein purpura azotemia von hippel-lindau syndrome xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

henoch-schonlein purpura

clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following except: proteinuria throat infection azotemia hypercalcemia

hypercalcemia

which of the following would not be a typical clinical feature of renal transplant failure? oliguria proteinuria hypotension elevated creatinine

hypotension

the vessel located anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery is the:

left renal vein

suspicion of cortical thinning should occur when the renal cortex measures:

less than 1 cm

what is the most common location of an ectopic kidney?

pelvis

the presence of purulent material within the renal collection system is termed:

pyonephrosis

the protective capsule of the kidney is referred to as:

renal capsule

what is the most likely location of TCC in the kidney?

renal pelvis

the kidneys are:

retroperitoneal organs

sonographically, compared to normal kidneys, those affected by CRF will appear:

smaller in size and more echogenic

all of the following are characteristics of complex cyst except: internal echoes smooth walls mural nodules septations

smooth walls

a stone that completely fills the renal pelvis is referred to as a:

staghorn calculus

which of the following is true regarding a duplex collecting system with complete ureteral duplication? the upper pole of the kidney suffers from reflux the lower pole suffers from obstruction because of a varicocele the upper pole suffers from obstruction because of a ureterocele the lower pole suffers from deflux and hypertrophy

the upper pole suffers from obstruction because of a ureterocele

the systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid tumors in various organs, including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys, is:

tuberous sclerosis

which of the following is not considered an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? ureteral stricture pregnancy neurogenic bladder uterine leiomyoma

ureteral stricture

what is the most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged?

ureterovesicular junction

which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? ureterocele urethritis urolithiasis ureteropelvic junction obstruction

urethritis

the inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits, renal cysts, and adrenal tumors is:

von hippel-lindau syndrome

which of the following is the most common cause of ARF? hypertension diabetes mellitus ARPKD acute tubular necrosis

acute tubular necrosis

enlargement of the unaffected contralateral kidney with unilateral renal agenesis or compromised renal function is referred to as:

compensatory hypertrophy

which of the following renal findings would most likely present with a clinical finding of hematuria? hemorrhagic renal cyst milk of calcium renal cyst simple renal cyst angiomyolipoma

hemorrhagic renal cyst

what is the functional unit of the kidney?

nephron

clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include all of the following except: urinary tract infections urinary calculi hyperparathyroidism weight loss

weight loss