Penny Review : MSK, Breast, Superficials

Which of the following transducers would be best suited to sonographically assess for a splinter in a patients hand? a) high freq linear array transducer b) low freq curved array transducer c) high freq sector transducer d) low freq linear array transducer

high freq linear array transducer

Clinical findings of a Baker cyst may mimic those of an : a) AV malformation b) DVT c) Knee fracture d) Ganglion cyst

DVT

All of the following are true of ganglion cysts except : a) a ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist between the tarsals b) ganglion cysts typically appear sonographically as an incompressible anechoic mass with acoustic enhancement c) clinically ganglion cysts may be hard to touch and painful d) ganglion cysts are often treated with an injection of corticosteroids

a ganglion cyst is a common mass found alon the superior aspect of the hand and wrist between the tarsals

Which of the following at the site of a foreign body may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object? a) fluid b) enhancement c) dust d) air

air

A cystic mass located within the popliteal fossa is most likely a : a) baker cyst b) thompson cyst c) ganglion cyst d) lipoma

baker cyst

The accumulation of synovial fluid from a weakening in the joint capsule of the knee as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can result in a : a) hemangioma b) lipoma c) baker cyst d) ganglion cyst

baker cyst

Inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is termed: a) ascites b) retroperitoneal fibrosis c) cellulitis d) subcutaneous edema

cellulitis

Bullets shrapnel and other metallic object may cause a) acoustic enhancement b) comet tail artifact c) edge enhancement d) mirror image artifact

comet tail artifact

A common mass found along the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist is the: a) baker cyst b) thompson cyst c) ganglion cyst d) lipoma

ganglion cyst

Which of the following is also referred to as a bible bump? a) ganglion cyst b) superficial endodermal cyst c) superficial epidermal cyst d) epidermoid

ganglion cyst

Which of the following techniques is used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum by evaluating the alpha and beta angles? a) graf b) ortolani c) barlow d) thompson

graf

The achilles tendon connect the : a) ankle to the ankle b) heel to the ankle c) heel to the calf muscle d) knee to the calf muscle

heel to the calf muscle

Which of the following would best be described as a benign tumor comprised of blood vessels ? a) hemangioma b) lipoma c) hamartoma d) oncocytoma

hemangioma

Hyperemic flow within or around a structure is indicative of: a) malignancy b) benignancy c) inflammation d) rupture

inflammation

Clinical findings of tendonitis include all of the following except: a) itching in the area of the tendon b) pain c) edema d) the area is warm to the touch

itching in the area of the tendon

A 6 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for hip sonogram with irritability unwillingness to walk and low grade fever. Sonographically you visualize a hypoechoic fluid collection that elevates the joint capsule. What is the most likely diagnosis? a) developmental hip dysplasia b) subluxation c) joint effusion d) hip dislocation

joint effusion

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of fat? a) hemangioma b) lipoma c) hamartoma d) oncocytoma

lipoma

All of the following are keys to identifying foreign bodies with sonography except: a) most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic b) a linear array transducer should be used c) most foreign bodies are better visualized using a standoff pad d) comet tail artifact may be seen posterior to metallic objects

most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic

Which of the following is a clinical test for developmental hip dysplasia that is used to evaluate the hip for reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip ? a) graf b) ortolani c) barlow d) thompson

ortolani maneuver

A complicated baker cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as: a) pannus b) plicae c) septation d) lipoma

pannus

Subluxation denotes: a) synovial joint obstruction b) partial hip dislocation c) rupture of the bursa d) inflammation of the acetabulum

partial hip dislocation

A patient presents with a palpable oozing mass at the level of the natal cleft. What is the most likely etiology of this mass? a) pannus cyst b) epidermoid c) hemangioma d) pilonidal cyst

pilonidal cyst

In what position should the patient placed to better evaluate the achilles tendon ? a) prone b) supine c) RLD d) LLD

prone

Inflammation of the breast that is related to pregnancy is referred to as : a) puerperal mastitis b) retromammary mastitis c) chronic mastitis d) emphysematous mastitis

puerperal mastitis

Acoustic shadowing caused by bending of a sound beam at edge of curved reflector is referred to as: a) mirror image artifact b) indirect artifact c) reflective shadowing d) refractive shadowing

refractive shadowing

A standoff pad is most useful in imaging: a) deep structures that produce acoustic enhancement b) deep structures that produce acoustic shadowing c) structures that produce refractive shadowing d) superficial structures

superficial structures

Fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of : a) hyperemic flow b) tendosynovitis c) cartilaginous inflammation d) cartilagenous extension

tendosynovitis

Inflamation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath is referred to as : a) tendosynovitis b) tendonitis c) cellutis d) pannus

tendosynovitis

All of the following will aid in the sonographic assessment of an achilles tendon except: a) the Pt lies prone with their feet hanging off the end of the bed b) both the symptomatic and asymptomatic achilles tendon should be scanned for comparison c) the entire tendon should be evaluated in sagittal and transverse planes d) the PT is scanned standing with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side

the PT is scanned standing with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side

Which of the following best describes the Thompson test? a) the calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the achilles tendon b) the calf is squezed and the foot should not plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the achilles tendon c) The achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a PT who does not have a complete tear in the achilles tendon d) The achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should not plantarflex in a PT who does not have a complete tear in the achilles tendon

the calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the achilles tendon

What can be performed to determine a torn achilles tendon? a) mcburney test b) mcdonald test c) thompson test d) baker test

thompson test

Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except: a) hypoechoic to the surrounding tissue b) isoechoic to the surrounding tissue c) hyperechoic to the surrounding tissue d) anechoic to the surrounding tissue

anechoic to the surrounding tissue

Tendons sonographically appear as: a ) echogenic fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone b) echogenic fibrous structures connecting bone to bone c) hypoechoic linear arrangements within hyperechoic tissue d) hyperechoic tissue that contains linear echogenic strands

echogenic fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone

A partial tear of a tendon sonographically appears as : a) focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon b) a focal echogenic area area within the tendon c) a diffusely heterogenous area within the tendon d) edema and refractive shadowing in the area of the divided tendon

focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon

Sonographically normal muscle appears as : a) hyperechoic tissue that contains linear echogenis strands b) complex tissue that contains linear hypoechoic strands c) hypoechoic tissues that contains linear echogenic strands d) echogeinc tissues that contains linear hypoechoi strnads

hypoechoic tissues that contains linear echogenic strands

Which of the following best describes the most common sonographic appearance of gynecomastia? a) hypoechoic, retroareolar mass b) hyperechoic, exophytic mass c) anechoic, retroareolar mass d) hyperechoic, exophytic mass

hypoechoic, retroareolar mass

A PT presents to the sonography department with a history of cellulitis on his abdomen. The patient has fever, edema, and complains of focal tenderness in a specific regions affected by the cellulitis. Sonographically you identify a localized complex collection of fluid. What is most likely the diagnosis? a) superficial hemangioma b) subcutaneous carcinoma c) mastitis d) superficial abscess

superficial abscess

Which of the following best describes the Thompson test? a) the patient lies prone and performs plantarflexion b) the patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed c) the patient lies supine and performs plantarflexion d) the patient lies prone and performs dorsiflexion

the patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed

Which of the following is true about patients with a lipoma ? a) they often complain of pain in the area of the mass b) they are often obese c) they are only slightly tender in the area of the mass d) they feel no pain in the area of the mass

they feel no pain in the area of the mass

What is the most likely cause of hip joint effusion in infants ? a) tendonitis b) bursitis c) developmenal hip dyplasia d) transient synovitis

transient synovitis