Perio CH 1-5

For a patient with plaque-induced gingivitis, the hygienist usually may expect to record any of the following probing depths, EXCEPT: 1 mm 3 mm 4 mm 6 mm

6 mm

The difference between a desmosome and hemidesmosome is that:

A desmosome connects two cells together, and hemidesmosome connects a cell to the basal lamina

The difference between a gingival pocket and a periodontal pocket is that:

A gingival pocket is a result of gingival enlargement, and a periodontal pocket is a result of apical migration of junctional epithelium and alveolar bone loss

A dentist extracts a third molar tooth because it is crowding the adjacent teeth and is difficult for the patient to clean. Once the tooth is extracted, if the dentist looks into the tooth socket, she will be looking at which anatomical structure?

Alveolar Bone Proper

The thin layer of bone that lines the socket to surround the root of the tooth is called:

Alveolar Bone Proper

Which of the following tissues is NOT part of the periodontium? Periodontal ligament Gingiva Cementum Alveolar mucosa

Alveolar mucosa

The space in alveolar bone that houses the roots of teeth is referred to as:

Alveoli

Which of the following groups of fibers attach the gingiva to bone?

Alveologingival, periosteogingival

According to the 2017 update to the AAP/EFA Periodontal Disease Classification System, whether a disease is biofilm induced depends on:

Amount of plaque present in sulci

The mat of extracellular matrix that separates epithelial sheets from underlying connective tissue is called:

Basal Lamina

Hygienists should be alert for signs of gingival inflammation. Which sign of inflammation usually is the FIRST sign seen clinically?

Bleeding on gentle probing

It is possible for a patient to have gingivitis that is not caused by bacterial plaque. Gingivitis can be caused from an allergic reaction or fungal infection.

Both are true

As long as stippling is clinically present in maxillary anterior teeth, tissues are considered healthy even with slight bleeding upon probing. If there is no tissue stippling, tissues are unhealthy.

Both statements are false

The base of a suprabony pocket is located coronal to the alveolar crest. The base of an infrabony pocket is located below the alveolar crest.

Both statements are true

The existence of alveolar bone is dependent on the presence of teeth. When teeth are extracted, alveolar bone resorbs.

Both statements are true

The periodontal ligament can remodel alveolar bone in response to pressure. The periodontal ligament can provide nutrients to cementum and bone.

Both statements are true

True or false? A probing depth reading of 4 mm does not necessarily mean the area has suffered bone loss. A probe depth reading of 1 to 3 mm is considered healthy.

Both statements are true

Without cementum, the tooth would fall out of the socket. Cementum anchors the ends of periodontal ligament fibers to the tooth.

Both statements are true

Gingival papillae that are enlarged and expand out of the interproximal spaces are described as:

Bullbous papilla

Lattice-like bone that fills the interior portion of the alveolar process refers to:

Cancellous bone

A patient has deep pockets and has had 3-month appointments with a dental hygienist for many, many years. At each visit, the hygienists who have treated her have performed periodontal instrumentation on the roots of all the teeth using a very firm, scraping stroke. After many years, the periodontal instrumentation might remove a part of the periodontium. Which anatomical area of the periodontium could be removed from the root after years of instrumentation?

Cementum

One of the differences between cementum and alveolar bone is that:

Cementum has no blood vessels and nerves; alveolar bone does have blood vessels and nerves

Gingival papillae with a concave appearance are described as:

Cratered papilla

Which of the following tooth structures is an example of epithelial tissue?

Enamel

Which of the following gives connective tissue the strength to withstand mechanical forces?

Extracellular matrix

All of the following statements are considerations of healthy gingiva EXCEPT: Physiologic pigmentation Flat papillae in area of diastema Gingival margin apical to CEJ but no bleeding upon probing Flaccid gingival margin

Flaccid gingival margin

The difference between the free gingiva and the attached gingiva is that:

Free gingiva is unattached, and attached gingiva is tightly connected to cementum

What shallow linear depression separates the free and attached gingiva?

Free gingival groove

The dentogingival unit consists of the junctional epithelium and which other tissue?

Gingival Fibers

The space between the free gingiva and tooth surface is called:

Gingival Sulcus

Your patient exhibits swollen gingiva and bleeding upon probing. There is no bone loss present. Microscopically, damage has occurred to the supragingival fiber bundles. Which of the following is the state of her periodontium?

Gingivitis

Your patient has not been to the dentist in 2 years. When examining the gingival tissues, you note that the gingival margin is swollen and covers the gingival third of the tooth crowns. In addition, there is marginal redness with slight bleeding on probing. Probing depths range from 1 to 4 mm. There is no bone loss present. How would you label the state of this patient's periodontium?

Gingivitis

If the alveolar crest of bone is located 2 mm apical to CEJ of teeth, this would indicate:

Health

When performing a clinical examination on your patient, you note that her gingival tissues are light pink with scalloped margins. There was no bleeding upon probing. Probing depths range from 1 to 2 mm in depth with no bone loss present. Which of the following is the state of her periodontium?

Health

A gingival epithelial cell is attached to the basal lamina. Which type of cell junction allows the cell to attach to the basal lamina?

Hemidesmosomes

Which of the following is the most common pattern of bone loss?

Horizontal bone loss

Which of the following statements is correct regarding gingival tissues for a patient who has received treatment for periodontitis and presents with generalized probing depths of 2-3mm, generalized 4 mm of recession, blunted papillae, tissue pink in color and no bleeding on probing? In spite of the periodontal treatment, gingival tissues are healthy Once a periodontitis diagnosis is given, tissues are never considered healthy Tissues can't be considered healthy because of the generalized recession Tissues can't be considered healthy because of the blunted papillae

In spite of the periodontal treatment, gingival tissues are healthy

Chronic gingival inflammation includes all of the following EXCEPT: Increased numbers of leukocytes attracted to the gingival tissues Increased blood flow to the gingival tissues Increased bone loss Bleeding on gentle probing

Increased bone loss

Which of the following statements best describes diffuse inflammation? Inflammation that includes the interdental papilla Inflammation that includes both the gingival margin and papilla Inflammation that includes the gingival margin, papilla, and attached gingiva Inflammation that includes the gingival margin, papilla, attached gingiva, and alveolar mucosa

Inflammation that includes the gingival margin, papilla, and attached gingiva

While assessing the gingival tissue, the hygienist notes that there appear to be "open spaces" apical to the contact areas of many of the patient's teeth. Which anatomical area of the gingiva is "missing," resulting in the "open spaces"?

Interdental gingiva

A dental hygienist inserts a calibrated periodontal probe into a healthy sulcus until the tip reaches the base of the sulcus. What anatomical structure forms the base of the sulcus?

Junctional Epithelium

A dental hygienist inserts a periodontal probe into a deep 6 mm periodontal pocket until it reaches the base of the pocket. Which anatomical structure forms the base of the periodontal pocket?

Junctional Epithelium

All of the following tissue descriptions describe gingivitis EXCEPT: Light pink with scalloped margins Dark pink with irregular scalloped margins Generalized light pink with localized area of redness in posterior interproximals Shiny pink with localized areas of cratered papillae

Light pink with scalloped margins

A patient's gingiva is pink in color and there is no recession of the gingival margin. Plaque biofilm on the teeth is light. The hygienist decides after a visual inspection with a mouth mirror that this patient has a healthy periodontium. Is the hygienist correct?

No, because it is impossible to tell the microscopic state of the periodontium with just a visual inspection

For research purposes, prevalence of periodontal disease means:

Number of all cases of disease identified within a specific population at a given point in time

The sequence of events that occurs during the development of periodontal disease is termed:

Pathogenesis

During mastication, the tooth is cushioned from occlusal forces by the:

Periodontal ligament

Whereas in horizontal bone loss, inflammation spreads through tissue, ending in the _____, in vertical bone loss, inflammation spreads through tissue, ending in the _______.

Periodontal ligament; alveolar bone

The pathologic deepening of a gingival sulcus by the periodontal disease process is termed:

Periodontal pocket

A patient exhibits a bacterial infection of all parts of the periodontium. Which of the following is the state of her periodontium?

Periodontitis

A patient's gingival margin is at the cementoenamel junction. There is no bleeding upon probing. Microscopically, the junctional epithelium is apical to the cementoenamel junction on cementum. Which of the following is the state of his periodontium?

Periodontitis

The width of attached gingiva is narrowest in which area?

Premolars

Which of the following is NOT a function of the periodontal ligament? Suspends the tooth in its socket Provide feeling to the tooth Build and maintain cementum Prevent food from becoming packed in the sulcus

Prevent food from becoming impacted

Which of the following is NOT one of the layers of the alveolar process? Alveolar bone proper Cortical bone Ramus Cancellous bone

Ramus

All of the following statements about CHRONIC gingivitis are true EXCEPT: Chronic gingivitis can last for years Gingivitis can cause the body to form collagen fibers in gingival connective tissue Excess collagen fibers may conceal redness of the gingiva Recession of the gingival margin from 3 to 5 mm usually is present

Recession of the gingival margin from 3 to 5 mm usually is present

Continued apical migration of the junctional epithelium indicates a:

Site of active disease

Increased fluid in inflamed gingival tissue can cause the tissue to be characterized by:

Soft, spongy, and nonelastic tissue

Your assessment findings for a patient include: pink gingiva, moderate plaque biofilm, and probing depths of 6 to 8 mm. How would you classify his disease status?

Stage III perio

AAP/EFA Periodontal Disease Classification System provides detailed descriptions of the various levels of disease. All four stages are considered periodontal diseases

The first statement is false and the second is true

True or false? In gingivitis, there may be permanent destruction of alveolar bone that supports the teeth. Even in the presence of severe horizontal bone loss, an intact band of transseptal fibers is present above the remaining bone.

The first statement is false and the second is true

Epithelium ALWAYS meets connective tissue in a smooth pattern. The strong adhesion of epithelium allows skin to resist mechanical forces.

The first statement is false, the second is true

In health, the junctional epithelium has a wavy tissue interface with connective tissue. The junctional epithelium provides a protective barrier between plaque biofilm and connective tissue.

The first statement is false, the second is true

The coronal-most edge of the gingiva is the alveolar mucosa. Alveolar mucosa is distinguished by its dark red color and smooth, shiny surface.

The first statement is false, the second is true

Epithelium does not contain blood vessels. Epithelium is a nonvital tissue that does not require nourishment to maintain cells.

The first statement is true, the second is false

The alveolar crest follows the contours of the cementoenamel junctions of teeth. In health, the alveolar crest covers the cementoenamel junctions of the teeth.

The first statement is true; the second is false

Without cementum, there can be no tissue reattachment after scaling and root smoothing. For enhanced healing, it is necessary to remove bacteria-laden cementum during subgingival instrumentation.

The first statment is true, the second is false

All of the following are characteristics of periodontitis EXCEPT: In periodontitis, the gingival margin does not adapt closely to the tooth Interdental papillae may not fill the embrasure spaces if the patient has periodontitis With periodontitis, there may be bleeding upon gentle probing The tissue damage in periodontitis is reversible---the body can repair the damage

The tissue damage in periodontitis is reversible---the body can repair the damage

All of the following statements are "good" reasons for classifying periodontal diseases EXCEPT: Present accurate information to the patient about the condition of their periodontium Communicate clinical findings accurately and universally to other health care providers Formulate individualized treatment plan To charge a higher service fee for treating periodontitis versus gingivitis

To charge a higher service fee for treating periodontitis versus gingivitis

Risk factors associated with periodontal disease include all of the following EXCEPT: Heredity Personal behaviors Gender Traumatic injury

Traumatic injury

Nerve supply to the periodontium is derived from branches of the _____________ nerve.

Trigeminal

Which type of bone loss creates infrabony pockets?

Vertical bone loss

What reason might you have for referring to the old 1999 Classification of Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases when there is a newer 2017 classification?

When reading classic research in the dental literature, the articles will use the old terminology

A patient exhibits swollen, red gingival tissues with no bone loss. The hygienist records "periodontal disease" in the patient chart. Is this notation accurate?

Yes, because gingivitis is a periodontal disease

Research indicates a periodontal disease prevalence rate of 64% for US adults over the age of 65. Rates of periodontal disease are higher for women than men, and higher in Asians compared to other races.

first statment is True, second is False

Physiologic pigmentation appears:

more frequently in dark-skinned people