Period 2 - AP CLASSROOM TEST ONLY (This is the majority of the test on thursday)

In which of the following British North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early 1700's?

All the colonies

"Brothers, We tell you that we seek not war, we ask nothing better than to be quiet, and it depends, Brothers, only on you English, to have peace with us. "We have not yet sold the lands we inhabit, [and] we wish to keep the possession of them. Our elders have been willing to tolerate you, brothers Englishmen, on the seaboard. . . . But we will not cede one single inch of the lands we inhabit beyond what has been decided formerly by our fathers. "[The governor of French Canada] who is here present has nothing to do with what we say to you; we speak to you of our own accord, and in the name of all our allies. . . . We are entirely free; we are allies of the King of France, from whom we have received the Faith and all sorts of assistance in our necessities; we love that Monarch, and we are strongly attached to his interests." Ateawanto, Abenaki Indian leader, speech delivered to a representative of the royal governor of Massachusetts at a treaty conference between the Abenaki of present-day Maine, the Iroquois Indians of present-day New York, the French, and the English, 1752 Which of the following groups would have most opposed the goals of the speech?

British settlers

Colonists from which of the following European nations generally had the most cooperative relations with American Indians?

France

"[God's] wrath towards you burns like fire; He looks upon you as worthy of nothing else, but to be cast into the fire . . . you are ten thousand times more abominable in His eyes, as the most hateful and venomous serpent is in ours. You have offended Him infinitely more than ever a stubborn rebel did his prince. And yet, it is nothing but His hand that holds you from falling into the fire every moment." The quote above is an example of the rhetoric from the

Great Awakening of the 1730s

"I conceive there lies a clear rule... that the elder women should instruct the younger and then I must have a time wherein I must do it. "If any come to my house to be instructed in the ways of God what rule have I to put them away?" "The power of the Holy Spirit dwelleth perfectly in every believer, and the inward revelations of her own spirit, and the conscious judgment of her own mind are of authority paramount to any word of God." Anne Hutchinson, 1630s The excerpts from Anne Hutchinson best represent which of the following developments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s?

Growing challenges by dissenters to civil authorities

"In colonial New England, two sets of human communities which were also two sets of ecological relationships confronted each other, one Indian and one European. They rapidly came to inhabit a single world, but in the process the landscape of New England was so transformed that the Indians' earlier way of interacting with the environment became impossible. The task before us is not only to describe the ecological changes that took place in New England but to determine what it was about Indians and colonists—in their relations both to nature and to each other—that brought those changes about." William Cronon, historian, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England, 1983 During the colonial era, which of the following was a widespread effect of the interactions between European colonists and American Indians described in the excerpt?

Increased intensity of warfare between the two groups

"I . . . longed to see and hear him, and wished he would come this way. And I soon heard he was [to] come to New York and [New Jersey] and great multitudes [began] flocking after him under great concern for their souls which brought on my concern more and more hoping soon to see him. . . . "Then one morning all of a sudden, about 8 or 9 o'clock there came a messenger and said Mr. Whitefield . . . is to preach at Middletown this morning. . . . I was in my field at work. I dropped my tool that I had in my hand and ran home and . . . bade my wife get ready quick to go and hear Mr. Whitefield preach at Middletown". . . . When we got to the old meeting house there was a great multitude; it was said to be 3 or 4,000 . . . people assembled together. . . . "When I saw Mr. Whitefield . . . he looked almost angelical . . . and my hearing how God was with him everywhere as he came along it solemnized my mind, and put me into a trembling fear before he began to preach" The events described in the excerpt resulted in which of the following developments in the British North American colonies?

Protestant evangelicalism furthered the Anglicization of the colonies.

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson challenged the authority of which of the following?

Puritan magistrates and ministers

All of the following groups of non-English colonists migrated into the British North American colonies in large numbers throughout the eighteenth century EXCEPT

Russians

Which of the following happened as a result of Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 ?

Tensions between backcountry farmers and the tidewater gentry were exposed.

"[In Virginia] the Negroes live in small cottages called quarters . . . under the direction of an overseer, who takes care that they tend such land as the owner allots and orders. . . . Their greatest hardship [is] consisting in that they and their posterity are not at their own liberty or disposal, but the property of their owners. . . . The children belong to the master of the woman that bears them. . . . "[The] abundance of [the] English entertain . . . that they are all fools and beggars that live in any [other] country but theirs. This home fondness has been very prejudicial [harmful] to the common sort of English, and has in a great measure [slowed] the plantations from being stocked with such inhabitants as are skillful, industrious, and laborious. . . . "These [English] servants are but an insignificant number, when compared with the vast shoals [mass] of Negroes who are employed as slaves there to do the hardest and most part of the work." Hugh Jones, The Present State of Virginia, 1724 The development described in the excerpt represented which of the following long-term trends in Virginia?

The hardening of racial divisions

The expansion of European settlement in the Americas most directly led to which of the following developments?

The use of enslaved Native Americans and Africans to meet the labor demands of colonial agricultural production

Which of the following explains the most likely reason why English colonists wanted to come to North America?

To seek economic opportunity and improved living conditions

Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by

a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors

Anne Hutchinson was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637 because she

challenged the religious beliefs of the colony's leaders

"Be it enacted ... That after the five and twentieth day of March, 1698, no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America ... in any ship or bottom, but what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations ... and navigated with the masters and three fourths of the mariners of the said places only ... under pain of forfeiture of ships and goods."— English Parliament, Navigation Act, 1696 One direct long-term effect of the Navigation Act was that it

contributed to the rise of opposition that ultimately fostered the independence movement

By the late 1600s, slavery in North America became institutionalized in part because of the

decline of indentured labor

By the 1750's, the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT disdain for British constitutional monarchy many religious denominations a society without a hereditary aristocracy a growing number of non-English settlers acceptance of slavery as a labor system

disdain for British constitutional monarchy

By passing the Navigation Acts in the 1600s and 1700s, the British government intended to

guarantee that the British government would have a financial share of all colonial exports

A majority of the early English migrants to the Chesapeake Bay area were

indentured servants

"What induced [American] Indians to go out of their way to trap beaver and trade the skins for glass beads, mirrors, copper kettles, and other goods?... Recent scholarship on [American] Indians' motives in this earliest stage of the trade indicates that they regarded such objects as the equivalents of the quartz, mica, shell, and other sacred substances that had formed the heart of long-distance exchange in North America for millennia.... While northeastern [American] Indians recognized Europeans as different from themselves, they interacted with them and their materials in ways that were consistent with their own customs and beliefs." Neal Salisbury, historian, "The Indians' Old World: Native Americans and the Coming of Europeans,"

introduction of new animals and crops to North America

Colonial cities functioned primarily as

mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods

Settlers who established the British colony in Virginia during the seventeenth century were primarily seeking to

profit economically

"Various are the reports and conjectures of the causes of the present Indian war. Some impute it to an imprudent zeal in the magistrates of Boston to christianize those heathen before they were civilized and enjoining them the strict observation of their laws.... Some believe there have been vagrant and Jesuitical priests, who have made it their business, for some years past, to go from Sachem to Sachem, to exasperate the Indians against the English and to bring them into a confederacy, and that they were promised supplies from France and other parts to extirpate [eradicate] the English nation out of the continent of America." Edward Randolph, report of King Philip's War (Metacom's War) in New England, 1676 Compared with French and Spanish interactions with American Indians, English interaction with American Indians more often promoted

separation between the groups

The Great Awakening of the 1740s led to

splits among existing religious denominations and the rise of new churches

"The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked; his wrath towards you burns like fire; he looks upon you as worthy of nothing else, but to be cast into the fire; . . . and yet it is nothing but his hand that holds you from falling into the fire every moment." The quotation above contains ideas typical of

the Great Awakening

The introduction of tobacco during the early 1600s in the Virginia colony led to the

use of indentured servants, and later enslaved Africans, for agricultural labor