Period 6
This Progressive Era Amendment made alcohol illegal to manufacture or sell
18th amendment
Who was Frederick Jackson Turner?
He wrote the The Frontier Thesis which stated that the American identity lay in its land and vast frontier. In 1890 when the west was deemed "closed" he predicted that America would continually need to expand.
He wrote How the Other Half Lives
Jacob Riis
She founded Hull House
Jane Addams
who said this? From the very first it has, been the educated and intelligent of the Negro people that have led and elevated the mass, and the sole obstacles that slowed their efforts were slavery and race prejudice; ... The Talented Tenth rises and pulls all that are worth the saving up to their vantage ground. This is the history of human progress; ...
W.E.B Dubois
A key goal of the Progressive movement was to a) use government power to regulate industrial production and labor conditions b) replace capitalism with socialism c) transform the United States into an agrarian republic d) bring about racial integration in public accommodations
a
African Americans who fled the violence of the Reconstruction South in 1879 and 1880 to start anew in Kansas were known as a) exodusters b) homesteaders c) scalawags d) copperheads
a
At the end of the 19th century, the desire of American business to control supplies of raw materials and all parts of the supply chain led to? a) Vertical Integration b) automation of industry c) Horizontal Integration d) development of the factory system
a
From the 1880s to the 1930s, the dominant United States government policy toward American Indians was to try to a) Assimilate them into white culture b) Strengthen tribal authority c) Relocate all tribes to Florida d) Encourage migration to Canada
a
In the three decades following the Civil War, the policies of the Republican Party generally favored a) northern industrial interests b) the interests of laborers c) southern agricultural interests d) the interests of the farmers
a
The American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers organized a) skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains b) all industrial and agricultural workers in "one big union" c) unskilled workers along industrial lines d) workers into a fraternal organization to provide unemployment and old-age benefits
a
The Dawes Act (1887) did which of the following? a) Divided Native American tribal lands into individual holdings b) Promoted the preservation of native American cultural identity c) Granted immediate citizenship to Native Americans d) Set up the reservation system
a
The decisions of the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries generally did which of the following? a) Strengthened the position of big business. b) Strengthened the position of organized labor. c) Protected the civil and political rights of African Americans. d) Protected the civil and political rights of women.
a
The intent of the Dawes Act of 1887 was to a) Assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture b) Recognize and preserve the tribal cultures of American Indians c) Legally establish the communal nature of American Indian landholding d) Restore to American Indians land seized unjustly
a
The major goal of the Social Gospel movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was to a) draw the attention of Protestant churches to the plight of the urban poor b) encourage support for Charles Darwin's theory of biological evolution c) send missionaries to convert American Indians to Protestantism d) stimulate public interest in the principles of Anglo-Saxon superiority
a
The method of mass production that developed during the nineteenth century was a process that a) relied on the use of power-driven machinery b) utilized wireless communications to improve efficiency c) gave workers greater autonomy, less supervision, and the chance to be creative d) promoted more cooperation between labor unions and factory owners
a
W. E. B. Du Bois differed in philosophy from Booker T. Washington in that Du Bois believed a) African Americans should pursue immediate and full equality b) economic success would lead to political equality c) job training was ultimately more important than formal education d) segregation was a southern problem more than a national one
a
Which muckraker wrote, The Jungle? His journalism exposed the poor sanitation and workplace practices of the Chicago meatpacking industry. a) Upton Sinclair b) Jacob Riis c) W.E.B. Dubois d) Lincoln Steffens
a
Which of the following best characterizes the conservationist approach to the environment that emerged in the Progressive Era? a) Designation of national parks and forests for recreation and managed use b) Use of federal money to clean up polluted industrial sites c) Passage of legislation banning the use of pesticides in agriculture d) Passage of legislation to ensure clean air and waterways
a
Which of the following was NOT a result of the growth of a national market economy between 1815 and 1860? a) A greater number of men working at home b) Increased economic specialization c) The application of machinery to the mass production of goods d) The beginnings of an organized labor movement
a
During the Gilded Age the gap between the rich and the poor got bigger, but everyone's standard of living increased overall. In his famous 1889 essay, "The Gospel of Wealth", he observed that "the poor enjoy what the rich could not before afford. What were the luxuries have become the necessaries of life"
andrew carnegie
"This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of wealth: to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community—the man of wealth thus becoming the mere agent and trustee for his poorer brethren.'' Which of the following describes the main idea of Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth" a) Privately held wealth should be handed over to the government to be redistributed b) Wealthy individuals should use their wealth for social betterment c) Parents have an obligation to pass on their wealth to their children d) Using wealth to help others is wrong, since it undermines their self-reliance
b
The conflict between the Sioux nation and the United States was primarily driven by differing a) styles of farming b) claims to land c) forms of government d) family structures
b
Which development occurred because of Progressive reforms? a) Politicians took a more laissez-faire approach to economic issues b) Government became more responsive to social issues c) Government became interested in expanding U.S. influence beyond the nation's borders. d) Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was accepted in all US schools
b
Which is the corporate strategy of buying out one's competition? For example, Facebook bought out Instagram. a) Vertical Integration b) Horizontal Integration c) Forming trusts d) Predatory Pricing
b
who said this? The wisest among my race understand that the agitation of questions of social equality is the extremest folly, and that progress in the enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing. No race that has anything to contribute to the markets of the world is long in any degree ostracized...The opportunity to earn a dollar in a factory just now is worth infinitely more than the opportunity to spend a dollar in an opera-house...
booker t washinton
"Competition is a law of nature . . . and can no more be done away with than gravitation. . . . [I]f we do not like survival of the fittest, we have only one possible alternative, survival of the unfittest. The former is the law of civilization, the latter is the law of anti-civilization." The quote above is an example of which of the following schools of thought? * a) Communism b) transcendentalism c) Social Darwinism d) Utopian Socialism
c
All of the following are true of railroad expansion in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that it a) Opened new territories to commercial agriculture b) Accelerated the growth of some older cities and created new ones c) Was financed by private corporations without government assistance d) Helped to expand the nation west
c
In his Atlanta Compromise speech, Booker T. Washington called for which of the following? a) African American voting rights b) An end to racial segregation c) Support for African American self-help d) Racial integration of religious organizations
c
In the second half of the nineteenth century, the formation of labor unions was often a response to a) federal protection of workers' rights to organize b) the large numbers of immigrants working in factories c) low wages and dangerous conditions in industrial work d) the presence of women in certain areas of industrial work
c
Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives is a study of a) Jim Crow segregation and its effect on African Americans b) the plight of Great Plains farmers in the 1890's c) immigrant urban poverty and despair in 1890's d) corruption in city political machines in the 1890's
c
The Ghost Dance was an American Indian religious movement associated with a) An American Indian victory at Little Bighorn b) An infusion of Hispanic cultural traditions c) Distress over loss of tribal autonomy d) The outbreak of the Civil War
c
The purpose of the initiative, referendum, and recall was to a) eliminate the two-party system b) limit participation in state elections c) increase citizen influence in government d) strengthen the power of political machines
c
Which of the following statements about woman suffrage is true? a) The six states of New England were the first to have complete women suffrage. b) Women suffrage was introduced in the South during Radical Reconstruction. c) The only states with complete woman suffrage before 1900 were west of the Mississippi. d) California and Oregon were the first states to have complete women suffrage.
c
Which of the following was a result of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ? a) It encouraged cooperative landownership among American Indians. b) American Indians in the West led attacks on United States forts. c) American Indians lost control of millions of acres of land. d) American Indians and Whites challenged each other over landownership in range wars.
c
Which of the following was true of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ? a) It created American Indian reservations for the first time. b) It was intended to recognize the contributions of American Indian peoples. c) It eliminated most tribal land ownership in favor of ownership by individuals. d) It indicated that the federal government had abandoned the goal of American Indian assimilation.
c
Which of the following was typical of agreements such as the Fort Laramie Treaty between the United States government and American Indians in the post-Civil War West? a) They frequently led to the formation of a common interest between the United States government and American Indians in controlling the activities of White settlers. b) They generally led to the formation of strong, independent American Indian nations. c) They usually lasted a short time before being broken by settlers' incursions onto American Indian reservations. d) They led to the abandonment of most reservations as American Indian families sought economic opportunities in urban areas.
c
William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" oration (speech) was primarily an expression of his a) fundamentalist religious beliefs b) neutral stance toward the belligerents of the First World War c) advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver d) opposition to teaching the theory of evolution in public schools
c
According to historian Frederick Jackson Turner, "a key factor in the development of American individualism and democracy" was (see last slide of notes for Ch 16) a) Transcendentalism b) The Civil War c) The American Revolution d) The Frontier
d
Constitutional amendments enacted during the Progressive Era concerned all of the following EXCEPT a) imposition of an income tax b) extension of suffrage to women c) prohibition of the sale of alcoholic beverages d) imposition of poll taxes
d
During Woodrow Wilson's administration, the federal government attempted to counteract the economic influence of big business by a) eliminating the gold standard b) increasing tariff rates c) applying the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment to corporations d) establishing the Federal Trade Commission
d
Immigrants to the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century came primarily from a) Latin America b) Asia c) Canada d) Europe
d
Many American Indians of the 1890s responded to policies such as those of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School by a) creating new political organizations b) migrating to unsettled territories c) engaging in large-scale armed resistance d) seeking to preserve their cultural and tribal identities
d
Members of which of the following groups were most likely to support the Populist Party? a) Industrialists in the Midwest b) Chinese railroad workers from the West c) Bankers from the East d) Sharecroppers from the South
d
The Homestead Act was used primarily to a) Raise money to finance the federal government b) Limit the influence of monopolies and trusts c) Support the development of state universities d) Encourage settlement of the West by families
d
The leaders of the Progressive movement were primarily a) farmers interested in improving agricultural production b) representatives of industries seeking higher tariffs c) workers concerned with establishing industrial unions d) middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues
d
The term "muckrakers" was used in the early twentieth century to refer to a) laborers who worked in the meatpacking industry b) writers who wrote articles sympathetic to big business c) captains of industry who defended the accumulation of wealth in lectures and pamphlets d) journalists who wrote articles exposing political corruption and urban poverty
d
Which of the following best explains a connection between the economic development of the West in the mid-1800s and in the late 1800s? a) In both periods, the end of conflicts with American Indians encouraged many Southerners to migrate to the West. b) In both periods, the West offered a large existing labor force eager for work in mining and railroads. c) In both periods, the federal government encouraged immigrants from abroad to settle in the West. d) In both periods, the expansion and improvement of railroads facilitated transportation in the West.
d
Which of the following contributed to reducing the conflict that article 11 and similar provisions of other treaties were designed to address? a) The rerouting of several major railroads to avoid tribal lands b) A decrease in the number of White settlers traveling near reservations c) The implementation of government conservation policies that protected large areas of public land d) The destruction of nearly the entire population of buffalo
d
Which of the following policies would Carnegie most likely have supported? * a) The use of federal power to redistribute wealth b) Government creation of jobs for unemployed people c) increased regulation of corporations d) Laissez-faire economics
d
Which of the following was LEAST involved in the struggle for women's rights? a) Carrie Chapman Catt b) Alice Paul c) Lucretia Mott d) Dorothea Dix
d
Which of the following was true of the American labor movement in the late nineteenth century? a) It was confined to factory workers. b) It was protected from employer harassment by federal law and policy. c) It was allied with the Democratic party. d) it was involved in a number of violent strikes.
d
Which pairing matches a 19th-century business leader with the industry he developed? a) Cornelius Vanderbilt—textile b) Andrew Carnegie—meatpacking c) J. P. Morgan—sugar d) John D. Rockefeller—oil
d
African Americans who relocated to the South during and after Reconstruction were known as
exodusters
Populists supported which money standard?
free silver or bimetallism
This American Indian Religious movement was created to revive the buffalo population and send the white man away from the west, and it represented the distress over the loss of tribal autonomy in the west.
ghost dance movement
This strategy is when a company buys out its competitors to eliminate competition
horizontal integration
This tycoon controlled Standard Oil
john d rockefeller
These pieces of legislation were passed as a result of the reaction to the book, The Jungle
meat inspection act and the food and drug act
Journalists who worked to promote reform were known as
muchrakers
Taken together, they are called the politics of direct action. ___________________________ are three means by which the people may bring their will to bear directly on the legislative process and the machinery of government... These were adopted in the United States under the leadership of groups hostile to machine politics or those convinced that government was generally insensitive to the popular will.
referendum, recall, and initiative
who said this? Show me the country that has no strikes and I'll show you the country in which there is no liberty. Hint - He was the first and longest serving president of the American Federation of Labor
samuel gompers
This was the first federal attempt to forbid any combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade" but it was difficult to enforce and was soon weakened by the Supreme Court
sherman anti-trust act
Coined by Herbert Spencer, this pseudoscience justified the robber baron mentality that some were destined to be poor and others rich. It justified questionable business practices like predatory pricing and low wages.
social darwinism
who said this? "Here is your country. Cherish these natural wonders, cherish the natural resources, cherish the history and romance as a sacred heritage, for your children and your children's children. Do not let selfish men or greedy interests skin your country of its beauty, its riches or its romance."
teddy roosevelt
That in all cases where any tribe or band of Indians has been located upon any reservation created for their use.... the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized, whenever in his opinion any reservation or any part thereof of such Indians is advantageous for agricultural and grazing purposes for these United States ...to allot the lands in said reservations in severalty to any Indian located thereon in quantities as follows: To each head of a family, one-quarter of a section...
the dawes act
This was created by Woodrow Wilson's administration in 1913 and gave the nation a national banking system
the federal reserve act
And be it further enacted...such application is made for his or her exclusive use and benefit, and that said entry is made for the purpose of actual settlement and cultivation... on payment of ten dollars, he or she shall thereupon be permitted to enter the quantity of land specified: 160 acres.\ What is this from?
the homestead act
He wrote the Jungle, which described the nasty details of the meat packing industry
upton sinclair
This strategy is when a company controls all aspects of production from raw materials to finished goods.
vertical integration
who said this? If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we shall fight them to the uttermost, having behind us the producing masses of the nation and the world. Having behind us the commercial interests and the laboring interests and all the toiling masses, we shall answer their demands for a gold standard by saying to them, you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.
william jennings bryan