Personal Health Block 2

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

Which of the following is the cause of low blood glucose levels?

"overshoot" or excessive effect of insulin

__________ eye disease is the leading cause of blindness in adults

Diabetic

Which of these are the two most common types of eating disorders?

anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder in which a person ingests an abnormally large amount of food within a set period and then purges via vomiting or laxatives is called

bulimia

Which of the following activities is considered better for beginning exercisers or older people in order to minimize injuries?

walking

Most people who have type _____ diabetes develop it before age 25 and must take ______ for the rest of their lives

1, insulin

The average caloric content of a fast-food "value pack" meal consisting of a small drink, burger, and small fries is

1,000 Cal.

The recovery time between exercises should be kept to ________

1-2 minutes

Arrange the stages of an exercise program in the correct order of occurence

1. conditioning stage 2. improvement stage 3. maintenance stage

Arrange the phases of an exercise session or workout in the correct order of occurence

1. warm-up period 2. main conditioning phase 3. cool-down period

Arrange the steps to measure heart rate in beats per minute in the correct order of occurrence

1.Take the pulse on the inside of the wrist by placing the tips of first two fingers about an inch below the base of the thumb 2. count the beats for 10 seconds when the pulse is felt 3. multiply the 10-second count by 6

The average female model is 5'11" and weighs only _______ lbs.

117

Match the ranges of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) with the percentages of the heart rate training for most young adults

12 to 14: 50-60 percent 15 to 18: 60-85 percent

A 25-year-old has a resting hear rate of 65. Calculate the training heart rate range from 50 to 85 percent intensity using the heart rate reserve method

130-176

Standard variation in blood glucose levels can raise up to ________ milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) following meals

140

What is the recommended amount of time for moderate-intensity exercise per week?

150 minutes

When considering healthful levels of physical activity, the target range for energy expenditure is ________ in addition to the energy expenditure from activities of daily living

150-400 Cal per day

Before people develop type ____ diabetes, they almost always have pre-diabetes

2

The risk of early death among those with diabetes is partly due to the fact that

27 percent go undiagnosed

A gram of carbohydrates provides approximately _______ Cal

4

The amount of fat necessary for normal physiological functioning is about

4%

For apparently healthy adults, testing for diabetes is recommended beginning at age _______, particularly if overweight

40

Exercise intensity for older or chronically sedentary people should be approximately what percent of aerobic capacity?

40 percent

What percentage of women are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes within 5 to 10 years after the onset of gestational diabetes?

40-60 percent

Muscles need time to recover and adapt between workouts. What is the recommended amount of rest time between resistance-training sessions

48 hours

An RPE scale ranges between which two numbers?

6 and 20

When lifting weights it is recommended that a person complete at least one set of ______ repetitions

8-12

People in the middle sphere of the physical activity continuum would be expected to expend at least how many calories per week during exercise?

800-1,000 calories

Women should consume about ________ 8-ounce glasses of water and beverages a day

9

Which of these is a substance found in food that is used by the body to support normal growth, maintenance, and repair?

A nutrient

What are the most important risk factors that precipitate metabolic syndrome?

Abdominal obesity; insulin resistance

Which of the following is the most immediate source of energy?

Adenosine triphosphate

Match the cells of the islets of Langerhans with the hormones they make

Alpha cells: glucagon Bet cells: insulin

Which of these is the substance found in certain vitamins that helps protect the body cells from damage?

Antioxidants

Which of the following are true statements?

Astherosclerosis is twice as common in people with diabetes; Astherosclerosis occurs at a younger age in the diebetic

A ratio of weight to height that is widely used as a measure of healthy weight is called

BMI

Which of the following statements are true regarding pre-diabetes?

Being diagnosed with pre-diabetes is the last window of opportunity for true prevention of diabetes

Match the standard resistance exercises with the associated muscle groups

Bench press: pectoralis and triceps Pull down: latissimus dorsi Heel raise: gastrocnemius Curl-ups: abdominals

The relative amounts of fat weight and lean weight that is reported as percent body fat is

Body composition

Which of the following are energy nutrients?

Carbohydrates; fats; proteins

Which of the following are considered macronutrients?

Carbohydrates; fats; proteins; water

In 1994, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) bolstered its role in providing nutrition information and advise to Americans by creating the ______

Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion

What is the name of the latest consumer guide introduces in 2011 from the USDA to help Americans make better food choices?

ChooseMyPlate

________ is a group of disorders in which there is a defect in the transfer of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells

Diabetes

Which of the following is a true statement about complications from diabetes?

Diabetes complications are progressive and can be disabling

Which of the following is not a true statement regarding occurrence and risk factors for diabetes?

Diabetes increases with decreasign BMI

Identify the true statement about managing diabetes

Diabetes is best treated with a team approach; optimal management of diabetes includes patient education and a specialized medical team

A spectrum of clinical disorders involving disturbed eating patterns is called

Eating disorders

The relationship between energy input and energy output is known as

Energy balance

Despite good intentions, many people have difficulty implementing and maintaining an exercise program because of which of the following factors?

Exercise is voluntary, time consuming, and requires effort

Other factors being similar, the more continuous a physical activity, the less dependence on aerobic metabolism

False

True or false: Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are known as regulatory nutrients

False

True or false: Generic exercise and training programs will produce similar results for anyone

False

True or false: Lactic acid causes muscle soreness

False

True or false: People with pre-diabetes are at a decreased risk for diabetes

False

True or false: The total energy required to move a person's body weight over a given distance is substantially affected by the speed at which it occurs

False

True or false: the FDA must review dietary supplements before they are marketed

False

Which of the following statements are true regarding the occurrence and risk of diabetes?

Family history is a key factor; being overweight is a key factor; diabetes is occurring at earlier ages

Which diabetes test is taken in the morning after an overnight fast?

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test

Organic compounds that provide the most concentrated source of calories in the diet are called ___________

Fats

________ are the most concentrated energy source, yielding about 9 Cal per gram

Fats

Identify the key points from the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Follow a healthy eating pattern; support healthy eating patterns for all; limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium

Which of the following conditions primarily contribute to the chances of dying early due to an increase in body mass index (BMI)?

Heart disease, Cancer, and Diabetes

_________ is the protein that carries in the red blood cells

Hemoglobin

Which group experiences the highest incidence of diabetes?

Hispanic males over 60

Which of the following are the results of improved blood flow to and neutral control of muscle fibers, achieved through a program of resistance training coupled with flexibility exercises?

Increased efficiency in fiber recruitment; increased efficiency in energy production

Which of the following has been shown to be successful for both initial weight loss and weight maintenance?

Intentional energy expenditure at 2,000 Cal per week and higher (60-90 minutes per day)

Identify a true statement about musculoskeletal fitness

It enables one to perform demanding physical tasks that arise in everyday situations

Identify the true statements about the public health standard

It imparts significant health benefits for those who have been sedentary; the level of physical activity involved in the public health standard is considered the minimal and not the optimal

What are the effects of resistance or flexibility training?

It maintains healthy joints and connective tissues; it is protective against musculoskeletal injury

Type 1 diabetes is often referred to as

Juvenile diabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes

Identify a true statement about anaerobic metabolism

Lactic acid is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism

In the context of the public health standard, who among the following will be both more fit and healthier than others?

Laura, who maintains an exercise program that is of longer duration and/or more vigerous

What treatment for diabetes did the Diabetes Prevention Program find to be most effective?

Lifestyle intervention

What are the primary health benefits of an exercise program that balances cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness?

Maintenance of healthy bones, muscles, and joints; reduced risk for anxiety and depression; improved body composition and weight control; improved metabolism and lower risk for heart disease and diabetes

Match the types of body composition measurements with their descriptions

Measurements provided by field-based methods - Provide only rough estimates of percent fat, which leads to high error rates Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements - Provide a percent fat value and measure total bone mass

Which of the following statements explains the relationship between micronutrients and energy?

Micronutrients aid in the proper use of the energy nutrients

Match the types of diseases that can be caused due to hyperglycemia with their examples

Microvascular disease: damage to the retinas and kidneys Macrovascular disease: heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease

Mach the factors to assess the intensity of physical activity or exercise with their examples

Objective measurements: heart rate and energy expenditure Subjective ratings: light, moderate, vigorous, and all-out

Someone who is focused on both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness would be considered to be in which sphere?

PA for health and fitness

A test used as a precaution to identify individuals who may need medical clearance is the

PAR-Q

Which of these oils are sources of saturated fats?

Palm oil; coconut oil

__________ is the fluid portion of blood after the cells are removed

Plasma

Based on the fasting glucose (FPG) test for diabetes, match the conditions with the associated ranges for normal fasting glucose levels

Pre-diabetes: 100-125 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) Diabetes: 126 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)

The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes requires blood draw two hours after drinking a standard glucose solution. Match the conditions with the associated 2-hour values of fasting glucose levels

Pre-diabetes: between 140 and 199 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) Diabetes: 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or higher

Use of alcohol should be avoided by which of the following?

Pregnant women; individuals taking certain medications; children

Match the principles that form the basis of exercise training with their descriptions

Principle of overload: to improve a physiological system, it must be exposed to a stimulus greater than it is normally accustomed to Principle of reversibility: when one stops exercising, the previously developed physiological systems will over time return to pretraining levels Principle of specificity: many training effects are peculiar to the type of exercise, the particular muscles involved and the intensity Principle of individual differences: there is tremendous variability from one person to the next in both natural fitness level and in the rate of improvement that occurs with exercise training

Which of the following is an organic compound made up of amino acids that serves as a structural component of body tissues?

Proteins

Match the factors that determine a person's daily energy expenditure with their descriptions

Resting metabolic rate: it accounts for the majority of one's daily energy expenditure The thermic effect of food: it is associated with a slight but noticible warm-up one feels an hour or two after a large meal The amount of physical activity: is the only factor that one can control

Who among the following is in the low-activity sphere of the physical activity (PA) continuum?

Ryan, who engages in long periods of sitting every day

Clara, a 25-year-old, is underweight. According to the Mayo Clinic, what are the behavior-change strategies Clara should adopt to achieve and maintain a healthy weight?

She should explore healthy foods and dishes; she should engage in regular exercise and be active throughout the day; she should draw on support from others such as spouse, family, friends, and professionals; she should set a realistic goal using the energy balance principle

Food products added to the total diet that contain vitamins, minerals, herbs, botanicals, amino acids, metabolites, constituents, extracts, or combinations of these ingredients are called dietary ____

Supplements

Which of the following have joined together to reduce the major risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease by promoting clinical and public health interventions?

The American Diabetes Association; The American Heart Association

Which of the following are true regarding how diabetes disrupts the normal metabolic system?

The body does not produce enough insulin to move glucose into the cells; the inadequate amount of glucose in the cells and the high amount in the blood could produce symptoms of diabetes; the action of the insulin could be defective, limiting its effect on glucose

Match the tests for diabetes with their descriptions

The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test: a blood sample is drawn in the morning after an overnight fast The random plasma glucose test: a blood sample is taken at any time of day without regard to when the last meal was eaten

Match the spheres of the physical activity (PA) continuum with the types of people included in them

The low-activity sphere: people who follow sedentary lifestyle The moderate-activity sphere: people who are achieving recommended levels of physical activity for both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness The high-activity sphere: people who do high-level exercise and sports training

Which of the following is not always true regarding food labels and "serving" size?

They are based on the Dietary Guidelines

Which of the following is a true statement about typical junk foods?

They have low nutrient density

Vegetable oils chemically converted to a solid form are called

Trans fats

Nutrition is the science of food and how the body uses it in health and disease

True

True or False: The resting heart rate can be measured by checking the pulse after sitting quietly for at least 10 minutes upon waking up in the morning

True

True or false: A Calorie with a capital C is the same as a kilocalorie

True

True or false: A nutrient is categorized as either a macronutrient or a micronutrient based on the quantity that should be consumed

True

True or false: According to the principle of specificity, training specificity is critical for reaching performance goals

True

True or false: Eating disorders are a major concern among female athletes

True

True or false: Glucose in the bloodstream stimulates beta cells to release insulin, which then allows glucose to move from the blood into the cells

True

True or false: Insoluble fiber is fiber that adds bulk to your stool and is not absorbed into the body.

True

True or false: One should exercise frequently relative to both intensity and duration of the exercise

True

True or false: Pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites can contaminate food, possibly leading to food poisoning

True

True or false: Resistance training for musculoskeletal fitness involves traditional weight training, calisthenics, and newer variations of resistance-based exercise

True

True or false: Sudden death of young athletes during training or competition are generally caused by heat stress, inherited cardiac abnormalities, or drug or supplement use

True

True or false: The A1c tests helps the patient and doctor know whether the treatment plan to control diabetes is working or needs to be adjusted

True

Which type of diabetes is the most difficult to control?

Type 1

Match the following:

Type 1: onset is rapid; symptoms appear before age 25 Type 2: no outward symptoms for years; develops gradually

Which of the following are true regarding the diagnosis and control of diabetes?

Undiagnosed diabetes can cause serious, debilitating conditions; as many as 25 percent of diabetics go undiagnosed; fatigue, blurred vision, and chronic dehydration are common sighs of untreated diabetes

The most essential nutrient is ________

Water

Identify a limitation of using body mass index (BMI)

While percent fat and BMI are highly correlated in the population, the relationship is not always true for every individual

Good sources of insoluble fiber include which of the following?

Whole grains; vegetables; wheat bran

Which of the following qualities should be considered necessary in a prospective personal trainer?

a fitness degree or certification

Greater health benefits will come from applying the FITT principle at ________ in the middle sphere of the physical activity continuum

a high level

People who are interested in being active but not playing sports or going to the gym have _______ options for developing an active lifestyle

a wide variety of

In relation to fat distribution, research has shown that __________ fat may be more dangerous for long-term health than other fat locations.

abdominal

People have a biological drive to be physically ______. As we grow from child to adult this need decreases

active

Which of the following is an example of fat tissue?

adipose tissue

Type 2 diabetes is commonly referred to as:

adult-onset diabetes

Endurance activities such as long-distance running, cycling, and swimming are examples of sports that rely on ______ metabolism

aerobic

The highest amount of oxygen the body can consume during exhaustive exercise is termed ___________

aerobic capacity

Energy production in the presence of oxygen is called _______

aerobic metabolism

Identify the pathways through which energy can be generated to replenish adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

aerobic pathway; anaerobic pathway

Which of the following are components of a complete fitness program?

aerobic training; resistance training; flexibility training

What are the best-known skill-related components of physical fitness?

agility, speed, coordination, balance

Diabetics should carry or wear a medical identification bracelet or tag to _________

alert emergency workers and other health care professionals to the presence of diabetes

Over time, elevated blood glucose levels and compromised circulation can cause _______

angia pectoris, stroke, heart attack

Symptoms of hypoglycemia can include all of the following except

anxiety/high energy

Targeted testing for diabetes suggested for adults and children who are overweight and to whom one or more of the following apply:

are a member of a high-risk ethnic group; are habitually physically inactive; have a parent or siblings with diabetes

College fitness centers that are well equipped, have a knowledgeable staff, are open long hours, and provide a wide variety of activities

are typically supported through mandatory fees paid with tuition

Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to fatty deposits is

atherosclerosis

To ensure food safety, one should _____

avoid raw milk or any products made from unpasteurized milk

Treatment for gestational diabetes usually consists of:

avoiding excessive weight gain; dietary changes

When energy intake equals energy expenditure, it is called energy

balance

If a person consumes only 100 Cal more than needed every day for a year, this will amount to 36,500 surplus Cal that will

be stored as adipose tissue

To increase fiber in the diet, you should eat more

beans; lentils; peas

Why is resistance training the best name for developing musculoskeletal fitness?

because muscular strength and endurance are developed in combination

The cells islets the islets of Langerhand that make the hormone insulin are called

beta cells

_____ are the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas that are destroyed by the body's immune system due to type 1 diabetes

beta cells

Which of the following activities would be ideal for a sedentary person just beginning an active lifestyle?

biking on flat land

Diabetic eye disease is the leading cause of _______ in adults

blindness

Which of the health-related fitness components is dependent on both eating patterns and physical activity?

body composition

A person's resting (or basal) metabolic rate is a function of ___________

body size

In the context of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance is a condition in which the _______

body's cells fail to use insulin properly

Which of the following is increased by participation in musculoskeletal fitness?

bone density

Many physical activities and sports, such as tennis, are intermittent in nature. For producing energy for these activities, _________

both aerobic and anaerobic systems are called on to varying degrees throughout the game

Which characteristics describe activities that best stress the cardiorespiratory system?

can be done continuously, include rhythmic movement, include major muscle groups

Protein has the dame 4 calories per gram as which of the following nutrients?

carbohydrate

Which of the following are nutrient classes?

carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, and water

A shuttle test, 1-mile walk, or 2-mile run could all be used to assess which of the following?

cardiorespiratory fitness

The ability of the respiratory and circulatory systems to supply oxygen to the working muscles during sustained physical activity is known as ___________

cardiorespiratory fitness

People who are obese have an increased risk for which of the following?

cardiovascular disease; stroke; cancer

Which of the following are most likely to be diagnosed with type 1 diabetes?

children, teenagers, young adults

A diagnosis of diabetes can be made if the patient has

classic symptoms of increased urination, thirst, and weight loss; a glucose level of 200mg/dL or above

Activities such as bench press, high jump, and 40-yard sprint are _____ dependent on the anaerobic pathway

completely

Bread, rice, pasta, cereals, and vegetables are all examples of

complex carbohydrates

The overall goal of musculoskeletal fitness is to

condition all major muscle groups

The goal of musculoskeletal fitnes should be to

condition all major muscles

Diabetes-related complications are less likely to develop or worsen if a person _______

controls his or her blood glucose level tightly

Health-related physical fitness includes three fundamental components. Which of the following is not among them?

coordination

During the second stage of an exercise program, increments are necessary. Increasing the weight quickly is often

counterproductive

A subtle energy imbalance that results in a slow weight gain that continues over several years is called _____ obesity

creeping

A lack of insulin being produced in the body is referred to as insulin _______

deficiency

Which of the following is not considered a benefit of regular physical activity?

depression

A breakdown of the small blood vessels in the retina may cause

diabetic retinopathy

If someone is over training (exercising too hard), health benefits will _________ and health wish _______

diminish, increase

Waist circumference of obese or overweight individuals can also be used to determine

disease risk

Which of the following is a step included in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes?

drinking a standard glucose solution

Which of the following are proven strategies in preventing and minimizing complications of diabetes?

early detection; vigilant self-management; comprehensive medical care

The healthy Eating Plate developed by Harvard's Dept. of Nutrition advocates which of the following recommendations?

eat more vegetables and fruits; eat poultry, fish, and legumes; limit red meat

Inside the cells of the body, glucose is used as a major source of ________ or stored until it is needed

energy

Development of type 2 diabetes in children and young people is primarily a consequence of ________

excess body weight

Symptoms of ketoacidosis include which of the following?

excessive thirst; nausea and/or vomiting; frequent urination

Physical training and sports activities are classified as which of the following?

exercise

The primary purpose of ______ is to improve or maintain one or more aspect of our physical capacity or fitness

exercise

Which factors increase the risk of developing gestational diabetes during pregnancy?

family history of diabetes; obeity; belonging to Black, Hispanic, or Native American ethnic groups

Body composition is typically expressed as percent body _______ and used to recommend a healthy weight range

fat

Which of the following components make up body composition?

fat weight; lean body weight

Physical _______ is a developed capacity that enables people to perform routine physical tasks with vigor

fitness

Which of the following is not a FITT factor?

fitness

The Dietary Guidelines for American are updated every _____ years

five

Muscles, tendons, and ligaments all plat a role in the _________ of a joint

flexibility

The functional range of motion of a joint is called ________

flexibility

Which of the following are considered the three components of muscular fitness?

flexibility; muscular strength; muscular endurance

In the context of musculoskeletal fitness, stretching should ________

focus on muscle or tendon groups at major joints

Micronutrients occur naturally in many unprocessed foods such as

fruits; whole grain; vegetables

________ diabetes is often caused by the development of insulin resistance late in pregnancy

gestational

Which of the following are diabetic eye complications?

glaucoma, retinopathy, cataract

A simple form of sugar that is the body's source of energy is called _________

glucose

An important marker of blood _______ management is a blood test known as the A1c test

glucose

The goal for successfully treating diabetes is to have the body do what it does naturally in healthy people: maintain balance between _______ (blood sugar) and ________

glucose; insulin

Which of the following are advantages that college campuses offer to students interested in physical fitness?

good facilities, high-caliber instructors, variety of classes

The waist circumference criterion for metabolic syndrome is

greater than 35 inches for women; greater than 40 inches for men

The waist circumference of a 55- year-old person is 40 inches. The person has more visceral fat than lower body fat. Which of the following are likely to be true about the person?

he or she is at an increased risk for type 2 diabetes or atherosclerosis

Which two of the following categories are considered categories of physical fitness?

health-related fitness, skill-related fitness

A body weight at which you feel good and physically function at a high level of well-being is known as a(n) __________ weight

healthy

When muscles need more oxygen, ______ rate and stroke volume must increase to deliver more blood

heart

The _____________ is simply the difference between the resting heart rate and the maximal heart rate

heart rate reserve

Name the components of the cardiorespiratory system that work together to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body

heart, lungs, blood vessels

Generally, sudden death of young athletes are attributed to which cause(s)?

heat stress; drug use; cardiac abnormalities

Identify the ways in which the different types of medicine to treat type 2 diabetes work

helping the beta cells of the pancreas make more insulin, slowing the absorption of glucose from the intestine, increasing the use of glucose and decreasing glucose production, stimulating insulation release from the pancreas

A person who plats in a competitive tennis league or plays games daily would have an activity level considered in the

high PA sphere

A persons potential for obesity is associated with all of the following except

high estrogen levels

Atherosclerosis develops due to

high glucose levels in the blood, causing fat levels to rise

People with eating disorders generally exhibit some of the following traits except

high self-esteem

Prolonged fatigue and extreme soreness often result from participating in a starter exercise program that focuses on

high-intensity exercise

An abnormally high level of blood glucose that is the hallmark of uncontrolled diabetes is known as ________

hyperglycemia

Keeping blood levels from getting too high, a condition known as ________, is the primary challenge in treating diabetes

hyperglycemia

Another term for low blood sugar is ________

hypoglycemia

Which of the following are symptoms of Type 1 diabetes?

increased thirst, increased urination, unexplained weight loss

Which of the following describe the A1c glucose test?

indicates the blood glucose level for the past 2-3 months; a level of 6.5 percent or higher indicated diabetes; no fasting required

Most exercise-related deaths in high school- and college-age athletes are attributed to which of the following?

inherited cardiac abnormalities

An exercise prescription is built on which of the following?

initial fitness level

The major cause of type 2 diabetes is the inability of the pancreas to produce enough__________

insulin

Type 2 diabetes is referred to as non-________ dependent diabetes

insulin

__________ is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps move glucose from the blood into the cells

insulin

Which of the following occurs once the level of glucose in the blood stream returns to a baseline value within abut two hours after a meal?

insulin production decreases

If the body does not produce enough _______ to move _______ into the cells, diabetes could develop

insulin, glucose

According to the National Control Registry, long-term maintenance of weight loss is defined as ______

intentionally losing at least 10 percent of body weight and keeping it off for at least one year

Hospital treatment for ketoacidosis involves ________

intravenous administration of large amounts of fluids with electrolytes

Compared to the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test for diabetes, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ____________

is more burdensome on patients

Clusters of cells located throughout the pancreas are known as

islets of Langerhans

Identify a true statement about the impact of the increase in fitness facilities in the United States

it appears to have no impact on helping Americans reach or maintain a healthy weight

Identify a true statement about glucagon

it is a hormone that raises the level of glucose in the blood

Identify a true statement about peripheral neuropathy

it is caused due to high blood sugar and related metabolic factors

Identify a true statement about the National Physical Activity Plan

it provides a comprehensive set of initiatives and policies to increase physical activity across America, from large cities to small towns

Which of the following occurs once glucose is bound to hemoglobin A?

it remains there for the rest of the life of the red blood cell

Assessment of self-motivation can help determine the likelihood of continuing with an exercise program. What will make a person more likely to stop an exercise?

it requires too much effort

The goal of diabetes treatment is to _________

keep blood glucose levels within the normal range as much as possible

When the body burns too much fat too quickly, _________ will accumulate in the bloodstream, making the body too acidic and upsetting normal chemical balance and leading to ketoacidosis.

ketones

Complications from kidney failure due to diabetes may lead to the need for

kidney dialysis; a kidney transplant

Following the research of George Brooks, scientists now recognize that ________ plays a role in linking the aerobic and anaerobic pathways

lactic acid

George Brooks led the way for further understanding of _______ through his research showing the body can efficiently use it as a source of fuel

lactic acid

In the early 1900s, when researchers electrically stimulated the muscle fibers of a frog, they found that as the muscle fatigued it would accumulate large amounts of _________

lactic acid

An effect of insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, or a combination of the two is that it __________

leads to the impairment of the glucose-insulin synergy

Exercises that focus on musculoskeletal fitness demand ________ exercises that require the majority of the body to be engaged at one time

less aerobic capacity from the cardiorespiratory system than

A finding of the Diabetes Prevention Program was that ________

lifestyle intervention and oral medication treatments were effective in preventing diabetes

Unsaturated fats are ____ (liquid/solid) at room temperature

liquid

Cholesterol is produced in the body by the ________

liver

Which of the following is considered a benefit of cardiorespiratory fitness?

lowers risk of dying prematurely

What is the main purpose of including flexibility exercises into a musculoskeletal training program?

maintains joint range of motion

According to the Mayo Clinic, a behavior-change strategy for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight is to _______

make a commitment and be specific about what one is willing to do

The aim of applying behavioral strategies to increase exercise adherence is to ______

make it difficult to not exercise

The purpose of the Dietary Guidelines is to help Americans choose diets that

meet nutrient requirements; promote health; reduce risk of chronic disease

The _______ syndrome is a cluster of interrelated metabolic and cardiovascular factors that directly appear to promote type 2 diabetes

metabolic

The ________ syndrome is a cluster of interrelated metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors that appear to directly promote type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis

metabolic

Which of the following carbohydrates should be selected for teh best nutritional value?

milk and banana

the actual size of aerobic metabolism where food is converted to usable energy in the presence of oxygen in the cell structure known as the ________

mitochondrion

A man with 18% body fat is considered to be

moderate

Activities that require 50-59 percent of one's aerobic capacity are of ___________ intensity

moderate

Which of the following statements is true?

more than half of all lower limb amputations in the United States occur in diabetics

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is stored in the ______

muscles

The ability of a muscle to sustain a submaximal force or repeatedly lift a relative weight is called

muscular endurance

in 60-70 percent of people with diabetes, high blood sugar and related metabolic factors lead to __________ damage

nerve

Carl is diagnosed with diabetes. To prevent or minimize diabetes-related complications, he should undergo regular medical exams the include careful screening for conditions such as _______

nerve damage

Another term for nerve damage that occurs with diabetes is

neuropathy

Fasting is defined as

no caloric intake for 8 hours

Most communities offer several health/fitness club options. The YMCA and YWCA are examples of

not-for-profit health centers

Which of the following are good sources of protein?

nuts; poultry; legumes

It is estimated that 80-90 percent of people with type 2 diabetes are

obese

The storage of excessive amounts of fat that increase a person's risk for multiple chronic diseases is called

obesity

Energy supplied from stored ATP generally provides energy for how long?

only a few seconds

Which of the following combine to form the primary cause of diabetes according to researchers?

overeating, reduced amount of exercise

Repeated exposure over time to progressively greater amounts of exercise results in enhanced capacities and efficiencies in cardiorespuratory and musculoskeletal functions and improved fitness. This statement illustrates the principle of ________

overload

Structural and functional adaptions made by the lungs, heart, muscle, and connective tissue are due to progressively greater amounts of exercise over a period of time. These adaptations are due in part to which principle of training?

overload

Carbon dioxide is produced during activity. The veins carry the carbon dioxide-rich blood back through the heart to the lungs where it is exchanged for _____

oxygen

Cardiac output is directly proportional to _______ transport

oxygen

One of the most important changes the body makes with aerobic exercise is the improved delivery of _______ to the muscles

oxygen

When taking the heart rate at the radial artery you use two fingers. Which location is the best place to take the radial pulse?

palm side of the wrist

In type 2 diabetes, initially the ________ compensates by producing more insulin than normally

pancreas

The _____, sandwiched between the stomach and the spine, is an oblong gland about the size and shape of a flattened banana.

pancreas

The ______ is a gland that makes hormones and enzymes essential for the body's digestion and use of food

pancreas

An instructor at the gym who can help familiarize a person with the equipment and demonstrate proper technique is called a ________

personal trainer

Movement produced by muscle contraction that increases energy expenditure above a resting level is

physical activity

Which of the following is the condition in which energy intake is consistently higher than energy expenditure?

positive energy balance

A condition that causes blood glucose levels to be higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes is termed _______

pre-diabetes

The diabetic must accept and comply with a management and treatment plan that includes

psychosocial issues; medical issues; lifestyle issues

An insulin _______ is a small computerized device about the size of a cell phone worn outside the body that provides continuous delivery of insulin through a small, soft tube

pump

When looking to purchase home exercise equipment one must consider which of the following?

quality, space, goals

Which of the following diabetes tests can be taken any time of day regardless of when the last meal was eaten?

random plasma glucose test

The purpose of the Dietary Guidelines is to help Americans choose diets that

reduce risk of chronic disease; promote health; meet nutrient requirements

A true statement about visceral fat is that it ___________

refers to the upper body fat

Which two factors regulate the glucose needs of the body?

release of insulin; release of glucagon

1RM is associated with muscular strength, the most weight a person can lift one time, RM stands for which of the following?

repetition maximum

Which of the following are part of a treatment method for type 1 diabetes?

requirement for blood glucose measurement several times a day; requirement for multiple insulin injection in a day

An inability to effectively use the insulin produced by the body is referred to as insulin ________

resistance

To see a significant increase in muscle size one must participate in

resistance training, weight training

Damage to the retina is called ______

retinopathy

When a person stops training, the body returns to its pre-training level. Which principle of exercise does this describe?

reversibility

The four principles of training include which of the following?

reversibility; overload; specificity; individual differences

Diseases of inactivity, such as osteoporosis and heart disease, can begin to take effect as early as which decades of life?

second and third

Physical demands of modern-day life are dramatically less compared with those of a few generations ago and are associated with the resulting _______ lifestyle of today

sedentary

Which of the following is a reason for a decline in physical activity for the majority of college students?

sedentary patterns

Diabetes is the ___ leading cause of death in the US

seventh

Which of the following are likely to be seen in people with diabetes due to poor circulation and nerve damage?

skin breakdown, infections of the feet and legs

Vitamins and minerals are found in _____ quantities in our foods

small

The American Association of Diabetes Educators is a multidisciplinary professional organization that ensures __________

the delivery of quality self-management training to diabetic patients

Concerns over dietary supplements exist because

the government does not evaluate the supplements before they are released; advertising may not be truthful

The _______ effect of food is the energy expenditure component associated with digestion

thermic

Whole wheat pasta typically has as much as ______ times the amount of fiber as regular pasta

three

A person chooses to walk for exercise five days of the week. Which of the following are ways to meet the guideline?

three 10-minute walks; two 15-minute walks

A standard fitness test such as ________ can help beginners assess their initial cardiorespiratory fitness level

timing a 1-mile walk, timing a 1.5-mile run

Which of the following is not a function of fiber in the diet?

tissue growth and repair

What are the primary goals in treating metabolic syndrome?

to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in people who do not have the disease, to reduce risk for atherosclerosis

Which of the following contribute to obesity?

too little exercise; overeating; plentiful choices of processed food; eating patterns HIGH in saturated fats and sodium

Ninety percent of all cases of diabetes are

type 2

Which type of diabetes is largely a preventable disease?

type 2

Which type of diabetes usually develops in people older than 40 and becomes common with age?

type 2 diabetes

Identify the ways in which resistance can be applied to the muscles

using traditional iron weights; using muscle- and movement-specific equipment with pneumatic, hydraulic, and computer-controlled resistance; using calisthenics

Running is considered a _______-intensity activity

vigorous

Which of the following are micronutrients?

vitamins; minerals

An individual with a high BMI should also measure his/her ______ circumference

waist

Based on the criteria that was adopted in 2009 to define metabolic syndrome, what are the common clinical measurements of metabolic syndrome?

waist circumference and triglycerides; High-ensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; blood pressure; fasting blood glucose

A simple way to decrease calories is to replace sweetened beverages with ______

water

Balancing energy intake with energy expenditure is fundamental for a body to maintain a healthy _______

weight

Which of these are indicators of an individual's hydration status?

weight; thirst

Having encouraging friends, knowledgeable instruction, and enjoyable activities

will motivate someone to choose exercise over other options


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