Personal Nutrition: Water-Soluble Vitamins
1
60 mg of tryptophan will produce ____ mg of niacin.
riboflavin
A deficiency in which of the following vitamins may cause glossitis?
rare
A pantothenic acid deficiency is _____.
riboflavin
Milk is an excellent source of ____.
meet
Most adults ______ the adequate intake level for biotin.
niacin
NAD+ and NADP+ are coenzyme forms of which B vitamin?
coenzyme
Niacin serves as a ______ in energy metabolism.
fatty acid synthesis and the breakdown of carbohydrate, protein, alcohol, and fats
The coenzyme form of pantothenic acid participates in _______.
liver, mushrooms, spinach
The food sources of riboflavin include _____. (Check all that apply.)
fresh fruits and vegetables
The highest folate content may be obtained from eating ____.
small intestine
The pantothenic acid portion of coenzyme A is released during digestion in the ____.
less common than thought
The prevalence of thiamin deficiency in older adults is ____.
headache, impaired muscle coordiantion, and burning hands and feet
The symptoms of a pantothenic acid deficiency include _____. (Check all that apply.)
does not
There _____ appear to be adverse effects from consuming large amounts of riboflavin.
has limited absorption and rapid excretion, with no known adverse effects from consuming large quantities
There is no UL set for riboflavin because it _____.
carbohydrate
Thiamin is a key component required to metabolize the macronutrient ______.
nausea during pregnancy and premenstrual syndrome
Vitamin B-6 has a long history as a treatment for __________.
numerous
Vitamin B-6 participates in ______ metabolic reactions.
muscle
Where is the main storage site for vitamin B-6?
small intestine
Where is thiamin absorbed?
riboflavin
Which B-vitamin is a component of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)?
pantothenic acid
Which B-vitamin is found in a wide variety of foods?
niacin
Which B-vitamin is synthesized from tryptophan?
niacin
Which B-vitamin, in high doses, was historically prescribed by physicians to increase HDL-cholesterol and lower triglyceride levels?
corn contains little tryptophan and niacin in corn in unavailable
Why are corn-based diets associated with pellagra? (Check all that apply.)
60-65% of riboflavin is absorbed via active transport or facilitated diffusion in the small intestine, in the blood riboflavin is transported by protein carriers
Which is true about riboflavin?
there is no Upper Level established for this nutrient
Which is true about the Upper Level for thiamin?
little thiamin is stored in the body and transported by red blood cells
Which is true about the transport and storage of thiamin?
Upper Level
Which of the following DRIs has not been set for pantothenic acid?
meat, poultry, and fish
Which of the following are good food sources of vitamin B-6?
biotin
Which vitamin helps maintain gene stability by binding to the proteins that help DNA fold in the cell nucleus?
is not; is not
White bread ______ a good source of vitamin B-6 because it is lost in the refining of grain and ______ added back during refinement.
legumes, sunflower seeds
Identify the food sources of thiamin. (Check all that apply.)
rare
Biotin deficiencies are _____.
coenzyme
Biotin functions as a(n) ______ for several carboxylase enzymes that add carbon dioxide to various compounds.
biocytin and free biotin
Biotin is found in food as _____.
acetyl-CoA
Coenzyme A, the coenzyme form of pantothenic acid, is essential for the formation of ______.
meat and milk
Common food sources for pantothenic acid include _____.
energy yielding metabolism and assisting antioxidant reactions
Functions of riboflavin include ______.
almost all
Generally, _______ niacin that is consumed is absorbed.
a painful, inflamed tongue
Glossitis results in _____.
mushrooms, nuts and legumes, and whole grains
Good food sources of biotin include ____.
12,000
How many milligrams of tryptophan are required to yield 200 mg of niacin?
an adequate
Adults generally get _______ intake of pantothenic acid to sustain health.
pellagra
Corn-based diets are associated with which condition?
no longer
Currently, niacin-containing medications are _____ recommended for most individuals with cardiovascular disease.
biotin
In infants with a deficiency of ____, symptoms include skin rash, hair loss, convulsions, and impaired growth.
thiamin
Pork products are excellent sources of _____.
small intestine, heart, and liver
Riboflavin's conversion to its coenzyme form occurs mainly in the _____.
above
The average daily intake for thiamin in men and women is ______ the recommended RDA.
vitamin B-6
Seborrheic dermatitis, microcytic hypochromic anemia, convulsions, depression, and confusion are symptoms of ______ deficiency.
those who are obese, those with gastrointestinal disease, and heart failure patients
Select the populations that are at risk of developing a thiamin deficiency.
thiamin
The B vitamin required as a coenzyme to metabolize carbohydrates and some amino acids is _____.
nerve damage
The UL for vitamin B-6 has been established due to the risk of _____.
100 micrograms/day
The Upper Level of vitamin B-6 has been set at ________.
passive
The absorption of vitamin B-6 is by _______ diffusion.
are needed for the growth of body tissues, help maintain body tissues, and are needed for the normal function of body tissues
Water-soluble vitamins ______.
small
Water-soluble vitamins are essential organic substances needed in _____ amounts.
excreted in the urine
What happens to excess niacin?
30 micrograms for men and women
What is the AI for biotin?
biotinidase
What is the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of biotin?
