Personal Nutrition: Water-Soluble Vitamins

1

60 mg of tryptophan will produce ____ mg of niacin.

riboflavin

A deficiency in which of the following vitamins may cause glossitis?

rare

A pantothenic acid deficiency is _____.

riboflavin

Milk is an excellent source of ____.

meet

Most adults ______ the adequate intake level for biotin.

niacin

NAD+ and NADP+ are coenzyme forms of which B vitamin?

coenzyme

Niacin serves as a ______ in energy metabolism.

fatty acid synthesis and the breakdown of carbohydrate, protein, alcohol, and fats

The coenzyme form of pantothenic acid participates in _______.

liver, mushrooms, spinach

The food sources of riboflavin include _____. (Check all that apply.)

fresh fruits and vegetables

The highest folate content may be obtained from eating ____.

small intestine

The pantothenic acid portion of coenzyme A is released during digestion in the ____.

less common than thought

The prevalence of thiamin deficiency in older adults is ____.

headache, impaired muscle coordiantion, and burning hands and feet

The symptoms of a pantothenic acid deficiency include _____. (Check all that apply.)

does not

There _____ appear to be adverse effects from consuming large amounts of riboflavin.

has limited absorption and rapid excretion, with no known adverse effects from consuming large quantities

There is no UL set for riboflavin because it _____.

carbohydrate

Thiamin is a key component required to metabolize the macronutrient ______.

nausea during pregnancy and premenstrual syndrome

Vitamin B-6 has a long history as a treatment for __________.

numerous

Vitamin B-6 participates in ______ metabolic reactions.

muscle

Where is the main storage site for vitamin B-6?

small intestine

Where is thiamin absorbed?

riboflavin

Which B-vitamin is a component of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)?

pantothenic acid

Which B-vitamin is found in a wide variety of foods?

niacin

Which B-vitamin is synthesized from tryptophan?

niacin

Which B-vitamin, in high doses, was historically prescribed by physicians to increase HDL-cholesterol and lower triglyceride levels?

corn contains little tryptophan and niacin in corn in unavailable

Why are corn-based diets associated with pellagra? (Check all that apply.)

60-65% of riboflavin is absorbed via active transport or facilitated diffusion in the small intestine, in the blood riboflavin is transported by protein carriers

Which is true about riboflavin?

there is no Upper Level established for this nutrient

Which is true about the Upper Level for thiamin?

little thiamin is stored in the body and transported by red blood cells

Which is true about the transport and storage of thiamin?

Upper Level

Which of the following DRIs has not been set for pantothenic acid?

meat, poultry, and fish

Which of the following are good food sources of vitamin B-6?

biotin

Which vitamin helps maintain gene stability by binding to the proteins that help DNA fold in the cell nucleus?

is not; is not

White bread ______ a good source of vitamin B-6 because it is lost in the refining of grain and ______ added back during refinement.

legumes, sunflower seeds

Identify the food sources of thiamin. (Check all that apply.)

rare

Biotin deficiencies are _____.

coenzyme

Biotin functions as a(n) ______ for several carboxylase enzymes that add carbon dioxide to various compounds.

biocytin and free biotin

Biotin is found in food as _____.

acetyl-CoA

Coenzyme A, the coenzyme form of pantothenic acid, is essential for the formation of ______.

meat and milk

Common food sources for pantothenic acid include _____.

energy yielding metabolism and assisting antioxidant reactions

Functions of riboflavin include ______.

almost all

Generally, _______ niacin that is consumed is absorbed.

a painful, inflamed tongue

Glossitis results in _____.

mushrooms, nuts and legumes, and whole grains

Good food sources of biotin include ____.

12,000

How many milligrams of tryptophan are required to yield 200 mg of niacin?

an adequate

Adults generally get _______ intake of pantothenic acid to sustain health.

pellagra

Corn-based diets are associated with which condition?

no longer

Currently, niacin-containing medications are _____ recommended for most individuals with cardiovascular disease.

biotin

In infants with a deficiency of ____, symptoms include skin rash, hair loss, convulsions, and impaired growth.

thiamin

Pork products are excellent sources of _____.

small intestine, heart, and liver

Riboflavin's conversion to its coenzyme form occurs mainly in the _____.

above

The average daily intake for thiamin in men and women is ______ the recommended RDA.

vitamin B-6

Seborrheic dermatitis, microcytic hypochromic anemia, convulsions, depression, and confusion are symptoms of ______ deficiency.

those who are obese, those with gastrointestinal disease, and heart failure patients

Select the populations that are at risk of developing a thiamin deficiency.

thiamin

The B vitamin required as a coenzyme to metabolize carbohydrates and some amino acids is _____.

nerve damage

The UL for vitamin B-6 has been established due to the risk of _____.

100 micrograms/day

The Upper Level of vitamin B-6 has been set at ________.

passive

The absorption of vitamin B-6 is by _______ diffusion.

are needed for the growth of body tissues, help maintain body tissues, and are needed for the normal function of body tissues

Water-soluble vitamins ______.

small

Water-soluble vitamins are essential organic substances needed in _____ amounts.

excreted in the urine

What happens to excess niacin?

30 micrograms for men and women

What is the AI for biotin?

biotinidase

What is the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of biotin?