PH 106 FINAL REVIEW

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Which of the following devices is placed into a circuit to measure the current that passes through it? a) ammeter b) gaussmeter c) voltmeter d) diffractometer e) flowmeter

Which of the following expressions applies to a spherical mirror of radius R? a) f = (1/2)R b) f = (3/4)R c) f = R d) f = (3/2)R e) f = 2R

A sphere has a radius R and a total charge Q uniformly distributed throughout its volume. Where is the electric potential of the sphere a minimum? a) at infinity b) at the surface of the sphere, r = R c) R/2 < r < R d) 0 < r < R/2 e) at the center of the sphere, r = 0

How does the capacitance of two identical capacitors connected in parallel compare to that of one of the capacitors? a) The two capacitors connected in series have a larger capacitance. b) The two capacitors connected in series have the same capacitance. c) The two capacitors connected in series have a smaller capacitance.

How much charge is on the plates of a 11-µF capacitor that has been connected to a 120 V dc power supply for a long time? a) 1.3 × 10^−3 C b) 9.2 × 10^−2 C c) 1.1 × 10^−4 C d) 1.3 × 10^−6 C e) 1.2 × 10^−1 C

In analyzing electric circuits containing an ideal emf device that has an emf ε and at least one resistor, what is the change in potential across the emf device as one moves through it in the direction of the emf arrow? a) +ε b) −ε c) +ε / R d) −ε / R e) zero

When vertically polarized light is incident on a sheet of polarizing material with a transmission axis oriented vertically, what percentage of the light is transmitted through the material? a) ten percent b) twenty-five percent c) fifty percent d) seventy-five percent e) one hundred percent

When you calculate the electric flux through a Gaussian surface, of what are you determining the flow through the surface? a) charge b) electric current c) electric energy d) electric field e) None of the above answers are correct.

Which of the following choices best gives the benefit(s) of using AC over using DC? a) The length of wires is less relevant. b) Power may be transferred over long distances using higher voltage and low current. c) The potential difference may be varied using transformers. d) Any potential loss in resistive elements is negligible. e) All of the above answers are benefits of AC over DC.

Which of the following does not significantly contribute to the magnetism of a given material? a) the spin magnetic moment of protons b) the spin magnetic moment of neutrons c) the spin magnetic moment of electrons d) the angular magnetic moment of electrons e) both (a) and (b)

Which of the following scientists is credited with stating the following principle: Every point on a wave front acts as a source of tiny wavelets that move forward with the same speed as the wave; the wave front at a later instant is the surface that is tangent to the wavelets? a) Michelson b) von Fraunhofer c) Young d) Rayleigh e) Huygens

A charged particle is located at a distance R/2 from the center of a uniformly charged hollow sphere of radius R. What is the net electrostatic force on the charged particle? a) The net electrostatic force on the particle will be zero newtons because the vector sum of all of the forces on it due to the charges on the sphere is zero, so they exert no force on it. b) The net electrostatic force on the particle will be larger than that which would be exerted if the particle was at the center of the sphere. c) The net electrostatic force on the particle will be smaller than that which would be exerted if the particle was at the center of the sphere. d) The net electrostatic force on the particle will be positive if the particle and sphere have opposite signs and negative if they have the same sign. e) The net electrostatic force on the particle will be negative if the particle and sphere have opposite signs and positive if they have the same sign.

A conducting sphere is connected via a wire to the ground. For a very short time, electrons move from the ground to the sphere. Then, no more electrons move to the sphere. Complete the following sentence: Before the wire was connected, the sphere's electric potential had a a) positive value. b) negative value. c) value that could have been either positive or negative. d) value equal to zero volts.

A conductor that is initially electrically neutral is touched by a rod that has a net positive charge. Which of the following statements describing the conductor after the rod is removed is true? a) The conductor will have a net positive charge. b) The conductor will electrically neutral. c) The conductor will have a net negative charge.

A positively-charged particle is held at point A between two parallel metal plates. The plate on the left has a net positive charge +q and the plate on the right has a net negative charge −q. The particle is then moved to point B. How does the electric potential energy at point A compare with that at point B? a) UA > UB b) UA = UB c) UA < UB d) UA > UB or UA < UB depending on the actual distances from the points to the plates.

A spherical Gaussian surface of radius R is surrounding a particle with a net charge q. If the spherical Gaussian surface is replaced by a cube, under what conditions would the electric flux through the sides of the cube be the same as through the spherical surface? a) under all conditions b) if the sides of the cube are of length R c) if the sides of the cube are of length 2R d) if the diagonals of the cube are of length 2R e) under no conditions

A total charge of -6.50 µC is uniformly distributed within a sphere that has a radius of 0.150 m. What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field at 0.300 m from the surface of the sphere? a) 2.89 × 10^5 N/C, radially inward b) 9.38 × 10^5 N/C, radially outward c) 1.30 × 10^6 N/C, radially inward d) 6.49 × 10^5 N/C, radially outward e) 4.69 × 10^5 N/C, radially inward

A uniform electric field is directed in the negative x direction. If you were to move a positive charge in the positive x direction, how would the total energy of the positive charge / electric field system change, if at all? a) The total energy of the system would increase. b) The total energy of the system would decrease. c) The total energy of the system would remain unchanged.

A uniform electric field is directed parallel to the +y axis. If a positive test charge begins at the origin and moves upward along the y axis, how does the electric potential vary, if at all? a) The electric potential will decrease with increasing y. b) The electric potential will increase with increasing y. c) The electric potential will remain constant with increasing y. d) Too little information is given to answer this question.

An electron traveling horizontally to the right enters a region where a uniform electric field is directed downward. What is the direction of the force exerted on the electron once it has entered the field? a) upward b) downward c) to the right d) to the left e) The force is zero newtons.

As shown in the drawing, a positively charged particle remains stationary between particles A and B. The positively charged particle is one-quarter the distance between the two other particles, as shown. What can be concluded from the situation? a) Nothing can be concluded without more information. b) A and B are positively charged. c) A and B are negatively charged. d) A is positively charged and B is negatively charged. e) B is positively charged and A is negatively charged.

At one point during a rain storm, the rain is falling at a constant rate of n drops per square meter at an angle of 60° with respect to the horizontal direction. Unfortunately Ted has left three windows open: (1) the sunroof on his car that measures 0.6 m by 0.3 m, (2) his bathroom window that measures 0.6 m by 0.2 m; and (3) his bedroom window that measures 0.6 m by 0.3 m. The bedroom and bathroom windows are perpendicular to the ground and the sunroof is parallel to the ground. Which of the window openings has the greatest flux? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 1 and 3 have the same flux e) 2 and 3 have the same flux

Consider the five situations shown. Each one contains either a charge q or a charge 2q. A Gaussian surface surrounds the charged particle in each case. Considering the electric flux through each of the Gaussian surfaces, which of the following comparative statements is correct? case 1: q, R case 2: 2q, R case 3: q, 2R case 4: 2q, 2R a) Φ2 = Φ4 > Φ1 = Φ3 b) Φ1 = Φ3 > Φ2 = Φ4 c) Φ2 > Φ1 > Φ4 > Φ3 d) Φ3 = Φ4 > Φ2 = Φ1 e) Φ4 > Φ3 > Φ2 > Φ1

Consider the following observations: (1) electric field lines are drawn connecting two point charges labeled A and B, (2) charge A is due north of charge B, and (3) a proton placed at the mid-point on a line connecting the two point charges travels due south. Which one of the following statements correctly indicates the signs of the two charges? a) Charge A is positive and charge B is negative. b) Charge A is positive and charge B is positive. c) Charge A is negative and charge B is positive. d) Charge A is negative and charge B is negative.

Consider the two charged particles. One charge located on the y axis has a value −2q and is located at a distance r from the origin, point O. The other charge has a value −q and is located at a distance 2r from the origin along the x axis. Which one of the following statements concerning the electric potential at the origin is true? a) The total electric potential at the origin is equal to −5kq/2r. b) The total electric potential at the origin is equal to zero volts. c) The total electric potential at the origin is equal to −2kq/r. d) The total electric potential at the origin cannot be calculated since the charges are on different axes. e) The total electric potential at the origin is equal to −3kq/2r.

Gauss' law can be used to prove that all excess charge in a conductor distributes itself on the surface of the conductor. Which one of the following choices is a consequence of this proof? a) There would be a non-zero electric field if any net charge was not on the surface. b) Charges can never be inside the conductor. c) A Gaussian surface around the whole conductor encloses all of the charge. d) The flux through a Gaussian surface inside the sphere is zero. e) The electric field inside a conductor is always equal to zero N/C.

The potential difference between an initial point and a final point can be calculated using Vf - Vi = -∫ E ⋅ ds. Under what circumstances is the potential difference equal to zero volts? a) The electric field is perpendicular to the path at all points between the initial and final points. b) The electric field has the same magnitude at the initial and final points. c) The electric field has the same magnitude and direction at the initial and final points. d) The electric field strength is the same along the path between the initial and final points. e) The path between the initial and final points is a straight line.

Two negatively-charged objects are located on the x axis, equally distant from the origin as shown. Consider the electric field at the point P1. How will that electric field change if a third object with a charge +q is placed at point P2? Note: the point P2 is the same distance from the origin as the point P1 and the magnitude of each of the charges is the same. a) The magnitude of the electric field will decrease by 25%. b) The magnitude of the electric field will increase by 25%. c) The magnitude of the electric field will decrease by 50%. d) The magnitude of the electric field will increase by 50%. e) The magnitude of the electric field will increase by 100%.

Two objects separated by a distance r are each carrying a charge −q. The magnitude of the force exerted on the second object by the first is F. If the first object is removed and replaced with an identical object that carries a charge +4q, what is the magnitude of the electric force on the second object? a) 4F b) 2F c) F d) F/2 e) F/4

What is the magnitude of the electrostatic force that two electrons separated by 1.0 nm exert on each other? a) 2.3 × 10−10 N b) 3.2 × 10−19 N c) 4.6 × 10−14 N d) 5.2 × 10−6 N e) 7.8 × 10−4 N

Which one of the following statements concerning electrical conductors is false? a) Rubber is an excellent electrical conductor. b) A material that is a good electrical conductor has many free electrons that can easily move around inside the material. c) When a positively-charged object is moved into contact with an electrical conductor, electrons move toward the object. d) Materials that are good thermal conductors are often good electrical conductors. e) Most metals are very good electrical conductors.

Which one of the following statements concerning the electric dipole moment is false? a) The dipole moment is a scalar quantity. b) The dipole moment has units of C⋅m. c) The dipole moment combines two intrinsic properties of an electric dipole, the distance between the charges and the amount of charge on each object. d) The dipole moment is directed from the negative charge toward the positive charge of the dipole. e) The direction of the dipole moment is used to specify the orientation of the dipole.

Which one of the following statements concerning the electric field is false? a) The SI unit of the electric field is the newton per meter (N/m) b) The electric field is a vector quantity. c) At a given point, a charged particle will experience a force, if an electric field is present at that location. d) If a positively-charged particle is placed at a location where the electric field is directed due north, it will be accelerated due north. e) The magnitude of the electric field at a particular location due to a particular charged particle is inversely proportional to the distance of the particle from that location.

Which one of the following statements is a consequence of charge being conserved? a) The difference between the number of positive and negative charges does not change for a given system. b) If you examine a system at different times, the total number of charges will change. c) Energy within the system is also conserved. d) The positive and negative charges within a system must be quantized. e) The numbers of electrons and protons for a given system cannot change.

A 150-µF capacitor is fully-charged when it has 6.1 × 10^−3 C on its plates. What is the potential difference across the plates of the capacitor? a) 250 V b) 41 V c) 0.0024 V d) 2.5 V e) 4.1 V

A charged particle is located at the center of a uniformly charged hollow sphere. What is the net electrostatic force on the charged particle? a) The net electrostatic force on the particle will be zero newtons because all of the charges on the sphere are either repelled or attracted to the particle, so they exert no force on it. b) The net electrostatic force on the particle will be zero newtons because the vector sum of all of the forces on it due to the charges on the sphere is zero, so they exert no force on it. c) The net electrostatic force on the particle will be the least at the center, but its magnitude will be greater than zero newtons. d) The net electrostatic force on the particle will be positive if the particle and sphere have opposite signs and negative if they have the same sign. e) The net electrostatic force on the particle will be negative if the particle and sphere have opposite signs and positive if they have the same sign.

A parallel plate capacitor with plates of area A and plate separation d is charged so that the potential difference between its plates is V. If the capacitor is then isolated and its plate separation is increased to 2d, what is the potential difference between the plates? a) 4V b) 2V c) V d) 0.5V e) 0.25V

An initially electrically neutral conducting sphere is placed on an insulating stand. A negatively-charged glass rod is brought near, but does not touch the sphere. Without moving the rod, a wire is then attached to the sphere that connects it to earth ground. The rod and wire are then removed simultaneously. What is the final charge on the sphere? a) negative b) positive c) neutral d) it has a fifty percent chance of having a positive charge and a fifty percent chance of having a negative charge

At a distance of one centimeter from an electron, the electric field strength has a value E. At what distance is the electric field strength equal to E/2? a) 0.5 cm b) 1.4 cm c) 2.0 cm d) 3.2 cm e) 4.0 cm

Complete the following sentence: an electric insulator has a) the ability to easily conduct electricity, but does not easily conduct heat. b) few electrons available to conduct electricity. c) the ability to easily conduct electricity and heat. d) no ability to conduct electricity. e) many free electrons available to conduct electricity.

Consider the drawing which shows a uniform ring of charge of radius R. Which of the following expressions gives the correct dependence of the electric field at point P located on the z axis, where z >> R? a) E ∝ 1/z b) E ∝ 1/z^2 c) E ∝ 1/z^3 d) E ∝ z e) E ∝ z^2

Consider the electric field lines shown in the drawing. Which of the following statements correctly describes this situation? a) A and B are both positively charged particles. b) A and B are both negatively charged particles. c) A is a positively charged particle and B is a negatively charged particle. d) B is a positively charged particle and A is a negatively charged particle.

Consider the following hypothetical situation: An infinitely long line of charge is located along the central axis of an infinitely long hollow cylinder of charge. Which of the following statements concerning the force on the line of charge is true? a) The force on the line of charge is infinite. b) The force on the line of charge is zero newtons. c) The force depends on the radius of the cylinder. It will be larger if the cylinder radius is large. d) The force depends on the radius of the cylinder. It will be smaller if the cylinder radius is large.

Consider the four cases shown of a charged particle located some distance from a point P. The quantity of charge and the distances vary. Note that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Which of the following expressions correctly ranks the electric potential energy at the point P for these four cases? case 1: P--R--q case 2: P--R/2--2q case 3: P--2R--2q case 4: P--4R--4q a) U2 > U1 = U3 = U4 b) U2 > U1 > U3 > U4 c) U2 > U1 > U3 = U4 d) U2 = U1 > U3 = U4 e) U1 = U3 = U4 > U2

Consider the two charges shown in the drawing. Which of the following statements correctly describes the direction of the electric force acting on the two charges? q1 = +3.2 microC q2 = -1.6 microC a) The force on q1 points to the left and the force on q2 points to the left. b) The force on q1 points to the right and the force on q2 points to the left c) The force on q1 points to the left and the force on q2 points to the right. d) The force on q1 points to the right and the force on q2 points to the right.

Consider what would happen if electric field lines could cross each other. What would it mean if two electric field lines were to cross? a) A test charge placed at the intersection of two electric field lines would be torn apart and travel in two different directions. b) A test charge placed at the intersection of two electric field lines would experience a net force in two different directions at once. c) A positive test charge placed at the intersection of two electric field lines would follow one of the lines and a negative test charge would follow the other line. d) The electric field at the intersection point would be infinitely large. e) The electric field at the intersection point would be zero.

Four point charges are individually brought from infinity and placed at the corners of a square as shown in the figure. Each charge has the identical value +Q. The length of the diagonal of the square is 2a. What is the electric potential at the center of the square? a) kQ/a b) 4kQ/a c) 2kQ/a d) kQ/4a e) zero volts

In July, Joe set up his fixed array of solar panels to maximize the amount of electricity output from the array when the Sun was high in the sky. Unfortunately, Joe finds that the array doesn't operate as well during the winter months, even though there is nothing physical wrong with the array. What is the most likely cause of Joe's winter problem? a) Less sunlight reaches the Earth during the winter months. b) The sun is lower in the sky during the winter, so sunlight strikes the solar panels at an angle. c) The average temperature is much colder during the winter months. d) More sunlight is absorbed by the atmosphere during the winter months because the Sun is much lower in the sky. e) The Sun is not as bright during winter months as it is during the summer months

The direction of the electric field is the same as which of the following properties related to a test charge? a) velocity of the test charge b) force on a positive test charge c) acceleration of a negative test charge d) displacement of a moving test charge e) None of the above choices are related to the direction of the electric field.

The unit of electrical current is the ampere (A). Which one of the combinations of units is equivalent to the ampere? a) C ⋅ s b) C/s c) N ⋅ m/s d) J ⋅ s e) kg ⋅ m2/s

Two positively charged particles are in fixed locations on the x axis. A test charge that is free to move about the x-y plane is placed at the mid-point between the two positively charged particles. If the test charge is held stationary at the mid-point and then released, it remains stationary. Which of the following is the best explanation for this behavior? a) The test charge is at a point of stable equilibrium for both the x and y directions. b) The test charge is at a point of stable equilibrium for the x direction, but not for the y direction. c) The test charge is at a point of stable equilibrium for the y direction, but not for the x direction. d) The test charge is at a point of unstable equilibrium for both the x direction and the y direction. e) Pinky pushed the wrong button and the test charge was frozen in time. Narf!

Two positively charged particles are separated by a distance r. The force on particle 1 is F due to particle 2. The force on particle 2 is 2F due to particle 1. Is the previous sentence true or false? Explain why this is the case. a) The sentence is true, if the net charge of particle 1 is twice that of particle 2. b) The sentence is false because the forces on each of the two objects are equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction. c) The sentence is true since the particles are separated by a distance r. d) The sentence is false because two positively charged particles cannot exert a force on each other.

Which of the following laws or principles can be derived from Gauss' law? a) Amonton's law b) Coulomb's law c) Carnot's principle d) definition of a fluxon e) electric flux principle

Which of the following laws, principles, or definitions describes the electric flux through a surface that encloses a charge? a) Amonton's law b) Gauss' law c) Carnot's principle d) definition of a fluxon e) electric flux principle

Which one of the following choices is the unit for capacitance? a) sievert b) farad c) apgar d) garnet e) plethron

Which one of the following statements concerning the electric force is true? a) Two charged objects with identical charges will exert an attractive force on one another. b) It is possible for a small negatively-charged particle to float above a negatively charged surface. c) A positively-charged object is attracted toward another positivelycharged object. d) The electric force cannot alter the motion of an object. e) Newton's third law of motion does not apply to the electrostatic force.

A charged particle, labeled A, is located at the midpoint between two other charged particles, labeled B and C, as shown. The sign of the charges on all three particles is the same. When particle A is released, it starts drifting toward B. What can be determined from this behavior? a) The charge on A is larger than the charge on B. b) The charge on A is larger than the charge on C. c) The charge on C is larger than the charge on B. d) The charge on B is larger than the charge on A. e) The charge on B is larger than the charge on C.

A conducting sphere (shown in grey in the drawing) of radius R has a charge q distributed uniformly over its surface. A spherically-shaped Gaussian surface with a radius r < R is represented in the drawing by the dashed circle. Applying Gauss' law, what is the magnitude of the electric field inside the Gaussian sphere? a) q/4πεr b) q/4πεr^2 c) zero N/C d) q/r e) 4πεr^2/q

A force is exerted on a positively-charged particle that moves the particle in the direction opposite to that of an electric field. Which one of the following statements concerning the work performed in this movement is true? a) The work done on the particle has a positive sign. b) No work is done on such a charged particle, if it is moved in a direction that is parallel or anti-parallel to an electric field. c) The work done on the particle has a negative sign. d) One cannot answer this question without knowing the kind of particle involved.

A large sheet of electrically insulating material has a uniform charge density σ. Let's compare the electric field produced by the insulating sheet with that produced by a thin metal (electrically conducting) slab with σ/2 charge density distributed on one large surface of the slab and σ/2 distributed over the surface on the opposite side. How does the electric field at a distance d from each surface compare? a) The electric field near the insulating sheet is four times that near the conducting slab. b) The electric field near the insulating sheet is twice that near the conducting slab. c) The electric field near the insulating sheet is the same as that near the conducting slab. d) The electric field near the insulating sheet is one half that near the conducting slab. e) The electric field near the insulating sheet is one fourth that near the conducting slab.

Consider the two charges shown in the drawing. Which of the following statements correctly describes the magnitude of the electric force acting on the two charges? q1 = +3.2 microC q2 = -1.6 microC a) The force on q1 has a magnitude that is twice that of the force on q2. b) The force on q2 has a magnitude that is twice that of the force on q1. c) The force on q1 has the same magnitude as that of the force on q2. d) The force on q2 has a magnitude that is four times that of the force on q1. e) The force on q1 has a magnitude that is four times that of the force on q2.

Electric potential energy is defined in a similar manner to the gravitational potential energy. Complete the following statement: These two potential energies are analogous to each other because a) both electric and gravitational forces are always attractive forces. b) both the electric and gravitational forces are fundamental forces of nature. c) both the electric and gravitational forces are conservative forces. d) both the electric and gravitational forces can be either attractive or repulsive forces. e) both the electric and gravitational forces are dependent on the mass of particles.

Four charges are located on the corners of a square as shown in the drawing. What is the direction of the net electric field at the point labeled P? a) toward the upper left corner of the square b) toward the middle of the right side of the square c) toward the middle of the bottom side of the square d) toward the lower right corner of the square e) There is no direction. The electric field at P is zero N/C.

Gauss' law may be written: Φ = ∫ E dA = q/ε . Which of the following statements concerning the charge q is true? a) The charge q is the sum of all charges. b) The charge q is the sum of all charges on the Gaussian surface. c) The charge q is the sum of all charges inside the Gaussian surface. d) The electric field due to q is zero inside the Gaussian surface. e) The charge q is the amount of charge present whenever the electric field is constant.

Imagine a closed Gaussian surface and a particle that has a net charge q. Consider the following two statements: (1) "If the particle is enclosed by the surface the net electric flux through the surface cannot be equal to zero N/C." and (2) "If the particle is near the closed Gaussian surface, but outside of it, the net electric flux through the surface must be equal to zero N/C." Which of these two statements is true, if either? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 2 d) Neither statement is true.

Point charge A is located at point A and point charge B is at point B. Points A and B are separated by a distance r. To determine the electric potential at the midpoint along a line between points A and B, which of the following mathematical approaches is correct? a) The electric potential due to each charge is determined at a distance r/2 from each of the charges and an average is taken of the two values. b) The vector sum of the two electric potentials determines the total electric potential at a distance r/2 from each of the charges. c) The algebraic sum of the two electric potentials is determined at a distance r/2 from each of the charges, making sure to include the signs of the charges. d) The difference in the absolute value (the sign of the charges does not enter into the calculation) of the two electric potentials is determined at a distance r/2 from each of the charges.

Silicon is an example of what type of material? a) metal b) insulator c) semiconductor d) superconductor e) perfect conductor

The drawing shows a hollow conducting sphere with a net positive charge uniformly distributed over its surface. A small negatively-charged object has been brought near the sphere as shown. What is the direction of the electric field at the center of the sphere? a) There is no electric field at the center of the sphere. b) to the left c) to the right d) upward e) downward

Two positively charged particles are separated by a distance r. Which of the following statements concerning the electrostatic force between acting on each particle due to the presence of the other is true? a) The electrostatic force may be calculated using Faraday's law. b) The electrostatic force depends on the masses of the two particles. c) The electrostatic force depends on r^2. d) The electrostatic force increases as r is increased. e) The electrostatic force is on each particle is directed toward the other particle.

Using Gauss' law, find the approximate magnitude of the electric field at the surface of a cube that has 0.10-m sides and a uniform volume charge density ρ = 2.0 × 10^−9 C/m^3. a) 0.042 N/C b) 7.1 N/C c) 23 N/C d) 44 N/C e) 116 N/C

When you calculate the potential at some point P due to a continuous charge distribution, the sign for the potential can be troublesome. If the charge distribution is negative, should the quantities dq and λ represent negative quantities? a) The sign on dq should be negative and the sign on λ should be positive. b) The sign on dq should be positive and the sign on λ should be negative. c) The signs can be ignored; and at the end of the calculation inserted. The potential is negative if the charge distribution is negative. d) The signs can be ignored; and at the end of the calculation inserted. The potential is positive if the charge distribution is negative. e) The signs can be ignored. The potential should have a positive sign, regardless of the sign of the charge distribution.

Which of the following expressions gives the electric field due to an infinite sheet of charge with a uniform charge density σ? a) E = σ/2r b) E = σ/2r^2 c) E = 2σ/εr^3 d) E = σ/2ε e) E = (σ/ε)r^2

Which of the following statements concerning the electric field inside a conductor is true? a) The electric field inside a conductor is never zero N/C. b) The electric field inside a conductor is always zero N/C. c) The electric field inside a conductor can only be non-zero if charges inside the conductor are moving. d) The electric field inside a conductor is always zero N/C, unless there are excess charges inside the conductor. e) Two or more of the above answers are correct.

Which of the following terms is used to describe a material that does not allow electrons to easily move through it? a) conductor b) resistor c) insulator d) transformer e) inductor

Which one of the following statements best describes the concept of the electric field? a) The electric field is a vector quantity that is the reaction force of electrons. b) The electric field at each point is the potential energy of a test charge divided by the amount of the test charge. c) The electric field is a distribution of vectors at points due to the presence of one or more charged objects creating a scalar potential field. d) The electric field is a scalar quantity related to the total amount of charge on one or more charged objects. e) The electric field is a scalar field, which has a magnitude at each given point, similar to the temperature or pressure field.

Why must the electric field at the surface of a conductor be perpendicular to the surface? a) Excess charge in a conductor always moves to the surface of the conductor. b) Flux is always perpendicular to the surface. c) If it was not perpendicular, then charges on the surface would be moving. d) The electric field lines from a single charge extend radially outward or inward. e) None of the above choices are correct.

A positively-charged object is released from rest in a region containing a uniform electric field. Which one of the following statements concerning the subsequent motion of the object is correct? a) The object will remain motionless. b) The object will accelerate to some constant speed and move in the direction of the electric field. c) The object will accelerate to some constant speed and move in the direction opposite that of the electric field. d) The object will experience a constant acceleration and move in the direction of the electric field. e) The object will experience a constant acceleration and move in the direction opposite that of the electric field.

Complete the following statement: Along an equipotential surface, a) the magnitude of the electric field is constant. b) the electric field lines are parallel to the surface. c) the direction of the magnetic field is constant. d) the electric field lines are perpendicular to the surface. e) both the magnitude and direction of the electric field is constant.

Complete the following statement: Electric field lines depend on a) the direction of the electric field. b) the strength of the electric field. c) the force exerted on a test charge. d) All of the above choices correctly complete the statement. e) None of the choices correctly complete the statement.

Consider the electric field lines shown in the drawing. Which of the following statements correctly describes this situation? a) The electric field is due to a positively charged particle. b) The electric field is due to a negatively charged particle. c) The electric field is due to a positively charged particle and a negatively charged particle. d) The electric field is due to particles that are both charged either positively or negatively.

Coulomb's law is similar to Newton's law of gravitation in several ways. Which one of the statements is not a similarity between these two laws? a) In both laws, the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two particles. b) In both laws, the force decreases with increasing distance between the two particles. c) In both laws, the force is proportional to the product of an intrinsic property of each of the two particles. d) In both laws, the force is always one of attraction between the two particles. e) In both laws, there is a proportionality constant that appears.

Gauss' law relates the electric field to ______ at points on a Gaussian surface. a) charges near the surface b) electric field flux leaving the volume enclosed by the surface c) electric field flux entering the volume enclosed by the surface d) net charge enclosed by the surface e) velocity of charges entering or leaving the surface

Points P and Q are separated by a distance of 0.10 m in a uniform electric field. The potential difference between points P and Q is 55 V. What is the magnitude of the electric field? a) 0.55 V/m b) 5.5 V/m c) 55 V/m d) 550 V/m e) 5500 V/m

The electric potential of an uncharged, spherical conductor with a radius of 0.1 m is 10 V. If the sphere is located in a region of space with no electric fields, what is the electric potential at a point located 2 m from the center of the sphere? a) zero volts b) 2.5 V c) 5 V d) 10 V e) 20 V

Two electrons are separated by a distance R. If the distance between the charges is increased to 2R, what happens to the total electric potential energy of the system? a) The total electric potential energy of the system would increase to four times its initial value. b) The total electric potential energy of the system would increase to two times its initial value. c) The total electric potential energy of the system would remain the same. d) The total electric potential energy of the system would decrease to one half its initial value. e) The total electric potential energy of the system would decrease to one fourth its initial value.

Two point charges are stationary and separated by a distance R. Which one of the following pairs of charges would result in the largest repulsive force? a) -2q and +4q b) -3q and −2q c) +3q and −2q d) +2q and +4q e) -3q and −q

Two point charges lie along the x axis. One charge, located at the origin, has a magnitude +2q. The other charge of unknown magnitude and sign is located at x = 5 units. If the electric potential at x = 4 units is equal to zero volts, what is the magnitude and sign of the second point charge? a) −q/2 b) −q/4 c) −2q d) +q/2 e) +2q

Which one of the following expressions gives the correct relationship between the electric field strength E and the distance r from an electric dipole? a) E ∝ 1/r b) E ∝ 1/r^2 c) E ∝ 1/r^3 d) E ∝ r e) E ∝ r^2

Which one of the following phrases best describes the electric potential of a charged particle? a) the total force exerted on or by the charged particle b) the force per unit charge c) the potential energy of the particle relative to infinity d) the potential energy per unit charge e) the potential energy per unit force on the particle

Which one of the following rules, laws, or principles describes how the net electric charge of an isolated system undergoing any process remains constant? a) Coulomb's principle b) rule of seventy-two c) principle of electric induction d) law of the conservation of electric charge e) law of triboelectric synthesis

Which one of the following statements concerning charge distributions is false? a) Charge distributions consist of a very large number of closely spaced charges. b) Charge distributions may be uniform arrangements of charges along a line, over a surface, or throughout a volume. c) Calculus provides important tools for determining electric fields due to charge distributions. d) Charge distributions are treated as though composed of discrete charges. e) In dealing with charge distributions, it is often more useful to speak in terms of a charge density rather than the total charge.

Why does the electric field due to a dipole decrease more rapidly with increasing distance than that for a single charge? a) The two charges in the dipole are separated by some distance. b) Because there are two charges in the dipole, the electric field has one-half the field strength of a single charge. c) Any given point is closer to one of the charges of the dipole than to the other. d) The total charge of the dipole is neutral (zero). e) Dipoles do not produce a significant electric field.

A positive charge is located at the origin. What is the direction of the electric potential of the positive charge? a) radially outward from the origin b) radially inward from the origin c) toward the positive x, y, and z directions d) toward the negative x, y, and z directions e) There is no direction since the electric potential is a scalar quantity.

A straight, copper wire has a length of 0.50 m and an excess charge of -1.0 × 10^−5 C distributed uniformly along its length. Find the magnitude of the electric field at a point located 7.5 × 10^-3 m from the midpoint of the wire. a) 1.9 × 10^10 N/C b) 7.3 × 10^8 N/C c) 6.1 × 10^13 N/C d) 1.5 × 10^6 N/C e) 4.8 × 10^7 N/C

An electron, which has a charge of 1.60 × 10^−19 C, is released at rest in a uniform electric field of magnitude 120 N/C. What is the potential energy of the electron just before it is released from rest? a) 1.93 × 10^−17 J b) 1.33 × 10^−18 J c) 2.13 × 10^−20 J d) 3.11 × 10^−21 J e) Too little information is given to determine an answer

As shown in the drawing, a positively charged particle remains stationary between particles A and B. The positively charged particle is one-quarter the distance between the two other particles, as shown. What can be concluded from the situation? a) The charge on A must be four times as large as the charge on B. b) The charge on A must be sixteen times as large as the charge on B. c) The charge on A must be one-half as large as the charge on B. d) The charge on A must be one-fourth as large as the charge on B. e) The charge on A must be one-sixteenth as large as the charge on B.

Can an object carry a charge of 2.0 × 10−19 C? a) Yes, if the object is a conductor. b) Yes, if the object has electrons or protons. c) Yes, if the object is an insulator. d) No, because objects do not have charge. e) No, because charge is quantized.

The plates of an isolated parallel plate capacitor with a capacitance C carry a charge Q. What is the capacitance of the capacitor if the charge is increased to 4Q? a) C/2 b) C/4 c) 4C d) 2C e) C

Three identical conducting spheres on individual insulating stands are initially electrically neutral. The three spheres are arranged so that they are in a line and touching as shown. A negatively-charged conducting rod is brought into contact with sphere A. Subsequently, someone takes sphere C away. Then, someone takes sphere B away. Finally, the rod is taken away. What is the sign of the final charge, if any, of the three spheres? a) + + - b) + - + c) + 0 - d) - + 0 e) - - -

Three insulating balls are hung from a wooden rod using thread. The three balls are then individually charged via induction. Subsequently, balls A and B are observed to attract each other, while ball C is repelled by ball B. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is correct? a) A and B are charged with charges of opposite signs; and C is charged with charge that has the same sign as B. b) A and B are charged with charges of the same sign; and C is electrically neutral. c) A is electrically neutral; and C is charged with charge that has the same sign as B. d) B is electrically neutral; and C is an attack helicopter e) choices a and c are both possible configurations

Two objects, A with charge +Q and B with charge +4Q, are separated by a distance r. The magnitude of the force exerted on the second object by the first is F. If the first object is moved to a distance 2r from the second object, what is the magnitude of the electric force on the second object? a) zero newtons b) 2F c) F d) F/2 e) F/4

Two particles are separated by a distance d. Particle A has a charge +Q and particle B has a charge +3Q. At what distance from particle A along the line connecting particles A and B would you place a third charged particle such that no net electrostatic force acts on it? a) d/3 b) d/2 c) d/4 d) d/6 e) d/9

When an electron (charge −1.60 × 10−19 C) and a positron (charge +1.60 × 10−19 C) come together, they annihilate one another. Two particles of light (photons) are emitted from the annihilation. This is an example of what type of physical phenomena? a) charge quantization b) charge separation c) Coulomb force d) charge density wave e) charge conservation

Which of the following statements concerning electric field lines is false? a) Electric field lines between two charged particles are often curved. b) Electric field lines are a method proposed by Michael Faraday to map the electric field at various locations. c) Electric field lines can be used to indicate the local magnitude of the electric field. d) Electric field lines are always directed radially away from a positively-charged particle. e) An electric field line indicates the direction of the force on an electron placed on the line.

Which of the following units are the SI units for the electric potential? a) ampere (A) b) newton/coulomb (N/C) c) joule (J) d) gauss (G) e) volt (V)

Which one of the following scientists is credited with assigning the "−" and "+" signs used to describe the two kinds of charge? a) Lord Kelvin b) Isaac Newton c) James Watt d) Leonardo Da Vinci e) Benjamin Franklin

Why is an electrostatic force considered a conservative force? a) Charged particles do not experience friction, which is a nonconservative force. b) The energy required to move a charged particle around a closed path is equal to zero joules. c) The work required to move a charged particle from one point to another does not depend upon the path taken. d) Answers (a) and (b) are both correct. e) Answers (b) and (c) are both correct.

Which one of the following expressions is Brewster's law? a) sinθB = n1/n2 b) tanθB = n2/n1 c) cosθB = n1n2 d) tanθB = n1n2 e) cosθB = 1/n2

A 150-Ω resistor and a 0.80-mH inductor are used in an LR circuit. If the initial current in the circuit is 2.0 A when a switch is thrown that allows the current in the circuit to decay, at what time will the current be 1.0 A? a) 0.083 s b) 0.12 s c) 0.48 s d) 0.80 s e) 1.3 s

A circular loop of wire is placed in a magnetic field such that the plane of the loop is perpendicular to the magnetic field. The loop is then connected to a battery and a current then flows through the loop. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true? a) The magnetic force exerts a net torque on the loop. b) The magnetic force exerts a net force on the loop. c) The magnetic force exerts both a net force and a net torque on the loop. d) The magnetic field has no affect on the loop.

A coil of wire that forms a complete loop is moving with a constant speed v toward a very long, current carrying wire, only a portion of which is shown. What affect, if any, does the current carrying wire have on the coil of wire? a) Since the magnetic field increases as the coil approaches the wire, a current is induced in the coil. b) The rectangle will be distorted as it is pulled in the direction of the current in the wire. c) Close to the wire, a magnetic force acts on the loop that accelerates the loop away from the wire. d) Since the magnetic field around the wire is not changing, there is no effect on the coil. e) Since the coil and the wire are not touching, there is no effect.

A long wire carries a current toward the north in a magnetic field that is directed vertically downward. What is the direction of the magnetic force on the wire? a) west b) north c) east d) vertically upward e) vertically downward

A positively-charged particle is stationary in a constant magnetic field within a region of space. Which one of the following statements concerning the particle is true? a) The particle will not move. b) The particle will accelerate in the direction perpendicular to the field. c) The particle will accelerate in the direction parallel to the field. d) The particle will accelerate in the direction opposite to the field. e) The particle will move with constant velocity in the direction of the field.

A solenoid of length 0.250 m and radius 0.0200 m is comprised of 120 turns of wire. Determine the magnitude of the magnetic field at the center of the solenoid when it carries a current of 15.0 A. a) 9.05 × 10^-3 T b) 7.50 × 10^-3 T c) 4.52 × 10^-3 T d) 2.26 × 10^-3 T e) zero tesla

A special system is set up in a lab that lets its user select any wavelength between 400 nm and 700 nm with constant intensity. This light is directed at a thin glass film (n = 1.53) with a thickness of 350 nm and that is surrounded by air. As one scans through these possible wavelengths, which wavelength of light reflected from the glass film will appear to be the brightest, if any? a) 428 nm b) 535 nm c) 657 nm d) 700 nm e) Since the intensity of the light is constant, all wavelengths of light reflected from the glass will appear to be the same.

A voltage V is applied to a device of resistance R; and the current through the device is I. If the device obeys Ohm's law, what will be the outcome if the voltage is increased to 2V? a) The current will increase to 2I. b) The current will decrease to I/2. c) The resistance will increase to 2R. d) The resistance will decrease to R/2. e) Two or more of the above statements are correct.

A wire is used as a heating element that has a resistance that is fairly independent of its temperature within its operating range. When a current I flows through the wire, the energy delivered by the heater each minute is E. For what amount of current will the energy delivered by the heater each minute be 4E? a) 2I b) 4I c) 0.5I d) i8π e) 8I

An object is placed at a distance 5.0 cm to the left of a diverging lens with a focal length 2.5 cm. Using the thin lens equation and the magnification equation, determine the location and magnification of the image formed by this configuration. a) The image is formed 1.7 cm to the left of the lens and it has a magnification of +1/3. b) The image is formed 0.6 cm to the left of the lens and it has a magnification of +3/25. c) No image is formed in this configuration. d) The image is formed 0.6 cm to the right of the lens and it has a magnification of -3/25. e) The image is formed 1.7 cm to the right of the lens and it has a magnification of -1/3.

Complete the following statement: The sum of the magnitudes of the currents directed into a junction a) equals the sum of the magnitudes of the currents directed out of the junction. b) is less than the total current directed out of the junction. c) equals the current that is directed along one of the lines out of the junction. d) is divided equally among the number of lines directed out of the junction. e) is greater than the total current directed out of the junction

Consider the situation shown. A triangular, aluminum loop is slowly moving to the right. Eventually, it will enter and pass through the uniform magnetic field region represented by the tails of arrows directed away from you. Initially, there is no current in the loop. When the loop is exiting the magnetic field, what will be the direction of any induced current present in the loop? a) clockwise b) counterclockwise c) No current is induced.

In most cases, Ohm's law is valid when which of the following conditions is satisfied? a) when, for a given piece of material, the ratio V/I is the same for a wide range of voltages and currents b) when there is a direct current passing through a given piece of material c) when the voltage across a piece of material is constant for a wide range of currents d) when the current through a piece of material is constant for a wide range of voltages e) when the voltage decreases with increasing current through a piece of material

In which one of the following cases will total internal reflection occur? a) Light is traveling in a material that has a smaller index of refraction than material surrounding it. b) Light is traveling in a material that has a larger index of refraction than material surrounding it. c) Light is traveling from a material that has a larger index of refraction into a material that has a smaller index of refraction. d) Light is traveling through a material with a high degree of chromatic dispersion.

The manufacturer of a new laser claims that with only two standard AA batteries (together: 3.0 V, 20 kJ energy storage) that the product life is 25 hours. What is the approximate resistance in the laser's electrical circuitry? a) 40 Ω b) 0.010 Ω c) 300 Ω d) 1.5 Ω e) Lasers are the future, man

The plates of an isolated parallel plate capacitor with a capacitance C carry a charge Q. The plate separation is d. Initially, the space between the plates contains only air. Then, a Teflon (κ = 2.1) sheet of thickness 0.5d is inserted between, but not touching, the plates. How does the electric field between the plates change as a result of inserting the Teflon sheet? a) The electric field will decrease to approximately one-half its initial value. b) The electric field will not be affected. c) The electric field will increase to approximately twice its initial value. d) The electric field will be zero volts per meter.

The resistance in an RC circuit is comprised of a 1.5-MΩ resistor in parallel with a 2.0-MΩ resistor. What is the time constant for this circuit if the capacitance is 2.5 µF? a) 2.0 s b) 7.0 ms c) 5.0 µs d) 120 s e) 4000 s

Three capacitors are connected in parallel to a battery. How is the equivalent capacitance for this circuit determined? a) The equivalent capacitance is the sum of the three capacitances. b) The equivalent capacitance is the sum of the three capacitances divided by three. In other words, the equivalent capacitance is the average capacitance in the circuit. c) The potential drop across each capacitor is measured and multiplied by each capacitance before adding them together. d) A resistor is used to replace one capacitor at a time. Then, the current through the resistor is measured and used to determine the charge on each capacitor. The sum of the charges is then divided by the emf of the battery to find the equivalent capacitance. e) Unlike resistors, an equivalent capacitance cannot be found by any simple means.

Three parallel plate capacitors, each having a capacitance of 1.0 µF are connected in series. The potential difference across the combination is 100 V. What is the charge on any one of the capacitors? a) 33 µC b) 330 µC c) 3300 µC d) 100 µC e) 1000 µC

Three very long, parallel wires (a small portion of each is shown in the drawing) are resting on a flat surface. The distance between wire B, which has a 15 mA current to the left, and its neighbors is 0.0015 m. Wire A carries a 10 mA current toward the right; and wire C carries a 5 mA current toward the right. Rank the wires in order of the magnitude of the net magnetic force on each, with the largest value first and the lowest value last. a) A > B > C b) B > A > C c) C > B > A d) A > C > B e) B > C > A

Two 20-Ω resistors are connected in series. A potential difference of 9 V is then applied across the resistors. What is the resulting current through the resistors? a) 0.23 A b) 0.45 A c) 0.90 A d) 2.2 A e) 4.4 A

Two resistors can be either connected to a battery in series or in parallel. In which case, if either, is the equivalent resistance the smallest? a) When the two resistors are wired in parallel, the equivalent resistance is less than if they are wired in series. b) When the two resistors are wired in series, the equivalent resistance is less than if they are wired in parallel. c) Both series and parallel wiring will result in the same equivalent resistance. d) It is not possible to know which method of wiring will result in the lowest equivalent resistance without knowing the values of the two resistances.

Unpolarized light of intensity S is directed toward three polarizing sheets. The first sheet is polarized vertically; and the last sheet is oriented horizontally. If the middle sheet is also oriented vertically, what is the intensity of the light exiting the last polarizer? a) zero b) 0.25S c) 0.5S d) 0.71S e) S

What happens to a capacitor when an insulator is inserted between the two conductors of the capacitor? a) The capacitance of the capacitor increases. b) Electrons from the negative plate travel to the positive plate. c) The electric field inside the capacitor increases. d) There is no change to the capacitor. The insulator just keeps the two conductors separated. e) The insulator reduces the electric field between

What is the term used to describe the net motion of electrons when an electric field is applied to a conductor and a current is established? a) drift speed/velocity b) random walk c) chaotic velocity d) Brownian acceleration e) Einstein condensation

When lightning strikes, the current flows from the ground upward to the clouds above. What is the direction of the electric field of the lightning? a) upward b) downward c) perpendicular to the current at each location on the lightning bolt d) parallel to the ground

Which of the following is a statement of Huygens Principle? a) All points on a wavefront serve as point sources for secondary wavelets. b) Light refracts when it enters a different medium. c) Optical interference occurs when coherent light undergoes a phase shift. d) The shortest distance between two points is a straight line. e) The ability of an optical instrument to distinguish between two closely spaced objects is limited.

Which of the following statements concerning reflected light is true? a) The reflected light will experience a phase change only if the light is traveling from a material of smaller refractive index to one of larger refractive index. b) Reflected light will always interfere constructively with incident light. c) Reflected light will always interfere destructively with incident light. d) The reflected light will experience a phase change only if the light is traveling from a material of larger refractive index to one of smaller refractive index. e) Reflected light will not experience interference with incident light.

Which of the following terms is used to describe materials that have weak induced magnetic dipole moments that are directed in the opposite direction to an applied external magnetic field? a) diamagnetic b) paramagnetic c) ferromagnetic d) ferrimagnetic e) gaussetic

Which of the following will occur when a diamagnetic material is placed in an external magnetic field? a) Weak magnetic dipole moments will be induced that are generally aligned in opposition to the applied field. b) Magnetic dipoles within the material do not change in strength or alignment with the external field. c) Permanent magnetic dipoles within the material increase in strength as they align parallel to the external magnetic field. d) Permanent magnetic dipoles within the material decrease in strength as they align antiparallel to the external magnetic field. e) Permanent magnetic dipoles within the material decrease in strength as they align parallel to the external magnetic field.

Which one of the following is a primary consideration in determining the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor? a) the size and separation of the plates b) the potential difference across the plates c) the shape of the plates d) the particular materials used to fabricate the plates

Which one of the following statements concerning the conventional direction of current is true? a) The conventional direction of current is the hypothetical direction of movement of positive charges through the wires of an electric circuit. b) The conventional direction of current is the direction of movement of electrons through the wires of an electric circuit. c) The conventional direction of current is equal to the electromotive force of the battery in an electric circuit. d) The conventional direction of current is always a clockwise movement around a circuit. e) The conventional current is the one that moves in a dc circuit and an unconventional current is one that moves in an ac circuit.

Which one of the following statements concerning the measured values of the spin angular momentum is true? a) The measured component of the spin angular momentum can only have one of two possible values that differ only in the sign. b) The spin angular momentum can be oriented only in the direction an electron is moving. c) The spin angular momentum can be easily measured in today's laboratories. d) The spin angular momentum is the same thing as angular momentum, except that it is the angular momentum of an electron. e) The spin angular momentum does not contribute to the magnetic properties of materials.

Which one of the following statements is true concerning resistors connected in parallel within an electric circuit? a) The potential difference across each of the resistors is the same. b) The current through each of the resistors is the same. c) The energy dissipated by each of the resistors is the same. d) The resistance of each of the resistors is the same. e) The resistivity of each of the resistors is the same.

Which one of the following types of materials exhibits the largest values of resistivity? a) insulators b) semiconductors c) superconductors d) metals

While shopping in a grocery store you look up at a convex security mirror. You notice that your image is about one-fourth of your height. By estimating your distance to be 2.0 meters in front of the mirror, determine the focal length of the mirror. a) 0.67 m b) 1.3 m c) 2.0 m d) 4.0 m e) 6.0 m

The ends of a wire are connected to the terminals of a battery. For which of the following changes will the resulting current in the circuit have the largest value? a) Replace the wire with one that has a larger resistivity. b) Replace the wire with one that has a larger radius. c) Replace the wire with one that has a longer length

Which of the following choices correctly indicates the relationship between the magnetic field due to a current carrying, long straight wire at a distance R from the wire? a) B 1/R^2 b) B 1/R c) B 1/R^3 d) B R^2 e) B R

A balloon has an initial radius of 0.075 m. A circle is painted on the balloon using silver metal paint. When the paint dries, the circle is a very good electrical conductor. With the balloon oriented such that a 1.5-T magnetic field is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the circle, air is blown into the balloon so that it expands uniformly. The silver circle expands to a radius 0.125 m in 1.5 s. Determine the induced emf for this silver circle during this period of expansion. a) 0.021 V b) 0.031 V c) 0.047 V d) 0.058 V e) 0.075 V

A magnetic dipole has two stable orientations in a magnetic field. At what two angles relative to the magnetic field direction are these orientations? a) 0 and 90 b) 0 and 180 c) 90 and 270 d) 45 and 135 e) 45 and 90

A negatively-charged particle is slowly moving as it enters a region that has a constant magnetic field. If the velocity of the particle is initially perpendicular to the magnetic field, what will be the subsequent motion of the particle? a) It will follow a helical path around the magnetic field lines. b) It will follow a circular path in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. c) It will follow a straight line path in the same direction as it was initially traveling. d) It will follow a circular path in a plane parallel to the magnetic field lines. e) It is impossible to predict the path the particle will follow.

A paramagnetic powder is placed into a weak, constant magnetic field at room temperature. How does the magnetization of the powder change as its temperature is slowly increased? a) The magnetization will increase with temperature. b) The magnetization will decrease with the temperature. c) The magnetization will not change. d) The magnetization increases as the square of the temperature. e) The magnetization decreases as the square of the temperature.

An alternating current is set up in an LRC circuit. For which of the following circuit elements are the current and voltage in phase? a) inductor only b) resistor only c) capacitor only d) resistor and capacitor only e) inductor, resistor, and capacitor

An electromagnetic wave has an amplitude E0 . The intensity of the wave is proportional to which of the following? a) E0 b) E0^2 c) E0^-2 d) E0^-1 e) The intensity is not related to the wave amplitude.

An inductor circuit operates at a frequency f = 120 Hz. The peak voltage is 120 V; and the peak current through the inductor is 2.0 A. What is the inductance of the inductor in the circuit? a) 0.040 H b) 0.080 H c) 0.16 H d) 0.32 H e) 0.64 H

An object is placed at the center of curvature of a concave spherical mirror. Which of the following descriptions best describes the image produced in this situation? a) upright, larger, real b) inverted, same size, real c) upright, larger, virtual d) inverted, smaller, real e) inverted, larger, virtual

Capacitor B has one-half the capacitance of capacitor A. How does the potential difference on capacitor A compare to that on B when the two are connected in series with a battery for a long time? a) The potential difference on capacitor A is one-fourth the charge on capacitor B. b) The potential difference on capacitor A is one-half the charge on capacitor B. c) The potential difference on capacitor A is the same as the charge on capacitor B. d) The potential difference on capacitor A is twice the charge on capacitor B. e) The potential difference on capacitor A is four times the charge on capacitor B.

Consider a circuit that contains an ideal battery and a resistor to form a complete circuit. Which one of the following statements concerning the work done by the battery is true? a) No work is done by the battery in such a circuit. b) The work done is equal to the thermal energy dissipated by the resistor. c) The work done is equal to the work needed to move a single charge from one side of the battery to the other. d) The work done is equal to the emf of the battery. e) The work done is equal to the product of the current flowing through the circuit and the resistor.

For an RLC circuit in the limit of very high frequency, what is the effective behavior of the capacitor and the inductor in the circuit? a) The inductor acts like a very small resistance and the capacitor acts like a very large resistance. b) The inductor acts like a very large resistance and the capacitor acts like a very small resistance. c) The inductor acts like a very large resistance and the capacitor acts like a very large resistance. d) The inductor acts like a very small resistance and the capacitor acts like a very small resistance.

How does the resistivity of a metal wire change if either the number of electrons per unit volume increases or the mean free time increases? a) In both cases, the resistivity will increase. b) In both cases, the resistivity will decrease. c) Increasing the number of electrons will increase the resistivity, but it will decrease if the mean free time increases. d) Increasing the number of electrons will decrease the resistivity, but it will increase if the mean free time increases. e) Too little information is given to make a determination.

In analyzing circuits in which resistors are wired partially in series and partially in parallel, which one of the following statements describes the preferred approach to take to determine the equivalent resistance in the circuit? a) Find the sum of all the resistors. This is the equivalent resistance for the circuit. b) Break the circuit into smaller parts and find an equivalent resistance for each part. Then continue this process until all of the parts are added together correctly either in series or parallel until a single equivalent resistance is found. c) All together all of the resistors in series, ignoring any wired in parallel as they do not significantly add to the equivalent resistance of the circuit. The sum of the resistors in series is the equivalent resistance. d) All together all of the resistors in parallel, ignoring any wired in series as they do not significantly add to the equivalent resistance of the circuit. The sum of the resistors in parallel is the equivalent resistance.

In the fabrication of an electrical extension cord, the manufacturer wants to reduce the overall resistance of the wires in the extension cord. Which of the following changes would result in the lowest resistance? a) decrease the diameter of the wires b) increase the diameter of the wires c) choose a metal wire with a larger value of resistivity d) increase the length of the extension cord e) choose a metal with a larger value for the temperature coefficient of resistivity

Lenz's law is a consequence of what other physical law? a) Newton's first law b) conservation of energy c) Newton's third law d) conservation of momentum e) Gauss' law

The ac adapter for a laptop computer contains a transformer. The input of the adapter is the 120 volts from the ac wall outlet. The output from the transformer is 20 volts. What is the turns ratio of the transformer? a) 0.17 b) 6 c) 100 d) This cannot be determined without knowing how many turns one of the coils in the transformer has.

The insulated wiring in a house can safely carry a maximum current of 18 A. The electrical outlets in the house provide an alternating voltage of 120 V. A space heater when plugged into the outlet operates at an average power of 1500 W. How many space heaters can safely be plugged into a single electrical outlet and turned on for an extended period of time? a) zero b) one c) two d) three e) four

The intensity of electromagnetic wave A is one fourth that of wave B. How does the magnitude of the electric field of wave A compare to that of wave B? a) The electric field amplitude of wave A is one fourth that of wave B. b) The electric field amplitude of wave A is one half that of wave B. c) The electric field amplitude of wave A is equal to wave B. d) The electric field amplitude of wave A is two times that of wave B. e) The electric field amplitude of wave A is four times that of wave B.

The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are fully charged by connecting it to a battery. An insulator with a dielectric constant κ = 1.0 is then inserted between the plates. What is the effect on the charge on the plates of the insertion of the insulator? a) The charge on the plates increases. b) The charge on the plates remains unchanged. c) The charge on the plates decreases.

Three capacitors are connected in series to a battery. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true? a) The amount of charge on each capacitor depends on its capacitance. If the capacitors have different capacitances, they will have differing amounts of charge on their plates. b) The equivalent capacitance is less than the sum of the individual capacitances. c) The battery must move more charge when the capacitors are connected in series than when connected in parallel. d) An equivalent capacitance can be found for capacitors connected in series, but not when they are connected in parallel. e) The equivalent capacitance is equal to the sum of the individual capacitances.

Two identical resistors are connected in series across the terminals of a battery with a voltage V and a current I flows through the circuit. If one of the resistors is removed from the circuit and the remaining one connected across the terminals of the battery, how much current would flow through the circuit? a) 4I b) 2I c) I d) I/2 e) I/4

What produces the magnetism of an individual atom? a) the nuclear force that holds protons within the atomic nucleus b) the orbital and spin motions of electrons c) the motion of the atom itself d) the electric interaction between electrons and protons e) neutrons are naturally magnetic

When the distance between charged parallel plates of a capacitor is d, the capacitance is C. If the distance is increased to 2d, how will the capacitance change, if at all? a) The new capacitance would be one-fourth of the previous value. b) The new capacitance would be one-half of the previous value. c) The new capacitance would be the same as the previous value. d) The new capacitance would be twice the previous value. e) The new capacitance would be four times the previous value.

Which of the following phrases best describe the term magnetic flux? a) the direction of the magnetic field relative to a surface b) the amount of magnetic field that passes through a surface c) the number of magnetic dipoles moving through a wire d) the flow of magnetons in space e) Choice (a) and (b) are both correct.

Which one of the following choices is not a possible way to produce a magnetic field? a) Set up a current in a long, straight wire. b) Uniformly distribute charges over the surface of a conductor. c) Make an object out of materials that have an intrinsic magnetic field. d) Pass a current through a coil of wire.

Which one of the following equations is not a valid expression for electric power P? Note: I is the current in a circuit as a result of a voltage V and R is the electrical resistance of the circuit. a) P = I^2R b) P = I^2R/V c) P = IV d) P = V^2/R

Which one of the following statements concerning emf is true? a) Emf is the work done in moving the current from one terminal to the other of an emf device. b) Emf is the work done in moving a single charge from one terminal to the other of an emf device. c) Emf is the force exerted on a single charge to move it from one terminal to the other of an emf device. d) Emf is the total charge moving from one terminal to the other of an emf device. e) Emf is the electromagnetic force that is exerted between the terminals of an emf device.

Which one of the following statements is true concerning resistors connected in series within an electric circuit? a) The potential difference across each of the resistors is the same. b) The current through each of the resistors is the same. c) The energy dissipated by each of the resistors is the same. d) The resistance of each of the resistors is the same. e) The resistivity of each of the resistors is the same.

Which one of the following terms is used to describe the bending of waves and subsequent spreading around obstacles or the edges of an opening? a) refraction b) diffraction c) interference d) coherence e) sonoluminescence

A charged particle is moving in a magnetic field. What is the direction of the force on the particle due to the magnetic field? a) in the direction of the magnetic field b) in the direction opposite to which the particle is moving c) in the direction that is perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the velocity d) in the same plane as the magnetic field and the velocity, but not in either of those two directions e) in the direction of motion

A circuit contains a battery and a resistor of resistance R. For which one of the following combinations of current and voltage does R have the smallest value? a) V = 9 V and I = 0.002 A b) V = 12 V and I = 0.5 A c) V = 1.5 V and I = 0.075 A d) V = 6 V and I = 0.1 A e) V = 4.5 V and I = 0.009 A

A circuit contains a battery, a switch, an inductor, and a resistor connected in series. Initially, the switch is open. In which one of the following intervals does the energy stored in the inductor have the largest value? a) before the switch is closed b) immediately after the switch is closed when the current in the circuit is increasing c) a long time after the switch is closed

A circuit contains a capacitor with a capacitance C and a resistor with a resistance R connected in series with a battery. Which one of the following mathematical expressions correctly represents the time constant for this circuit? a) τ = (1/2)RC^2 b) τ = R/C c) τ = RC d) τ = (1/2)RC e) τ = C/R

A copper wire is fabricated that has a gradually increasing diameter along its length as shown. If an electric current is moving through the wire, which quantities vary along the length of the wire? a) current only b) current and current density only c) current density and electric field only d) resistivity and current only e) current, resistivity, current density, and electric field

A negatively-charged particle is slowly moving as it enters a region that has a constant magnetic field. If the velocity of the particle is initially parallel to the magnetic field, what will be the subsequent motion of the particle? a) It will follow a helical path around the magnetic field lines. b) It will follow a circular path in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. c) It will follow a straight line path in the same direction as it was initially traveling. d) It will follow a circular path in a plane parallel to the magnetic field lines. e) It is impossible to predict the path the particle will follow.

A parallel plate capacitor is connected to a battery that maintains a constant potential difference across the plates. Initially, the space between the plates contains only air. Then, a Teflon (κ = 2.1) sheet is inserted between, but not touching, the plates. How does the stored energy of the capacitor change as a result of inserting the Teflon sheet? a) The energy will decrease. b) The energy will not be affected. c) The energy will increase. d) The energy will be zero joules.

A physics student desires to create a beam of light that consists of parallel rays. Which one of the following arrangements would allow her to accomplish this task? a) A light bulb is placed at the focal point of a convex mirror. b) A light bulb is placed at the focal point of a diverging lens. c) A light bulb is placed at the focal point of a converging lens. d) A light bulb is located at twice the focal length from a concave mirror. e) A light bulb is located at twice the focal length from a converging lens.

An RC circuit contains a battery, a switch, a resistor, and a capacitor - all connected in series. Initially, the switch is open and the capacitor is uncharged. Which one of the following statements correctly describes the current in the circuit during the time the capacitor is charging? a) The current is increasing with increasing time. b) The current is constant with increasing time. c) The current is decreasing with increasing time. d) The current increases for the first half of the time until the capacitor is fully discharged, and then decreases during the second half of the time. e) The current can either increase or decrease with increasing time depending on the value of the time constant.

An alternating current is set up in an LRC circuit. For which of the following circuit elements does the current lead the voltage by 90°? a) inductor only b) resistor only c) capacitor only d) resistor and capacitor only e) inductor, resistor, and capacitor

An ammeter is connected to a coil of wire. A magnet is sitting motionless next to the wire such that its south end is near the coil and perpendicular to the plane of the coil as shown. The meter indicates that a current is flowing through the wire from the left toward the right. What, if anything, is wrong with this picture? a) The current should be flowing from the right toward the left. b) The needle should be slanted toward the right. c) The needle should indicate that there is no current flowing. d) There is nothing wrong with the picture.

An electron traveling due east in a region that contains only a magnetic field experiences a vertically downward force, toward the surface of the earth. What is the direction of the magnetic field? a) upward, away from the earth b) downward, toward the earth c) due north d) due west e) due south

At what orientation angle relative to the magnetic field direction does the torque of a magnetic dipole have its largest value? a) 0 b) 45 c) 90 d) 135 e) 180

What is the name for the principle or law that allows one to determine the average intensity of polarized light that will be transmitted through a sheet of polarizing material? a) Lenz's law b) Feynmann's principle c) Morley principle d) cosine-squared rule e) law of polarization

Blue light ( = 512 nm) is illuminating a thin film of plastic (nP = 1.45) that is on top of a glass sheet (nG = 1.53). Which of the following statements best describes the light that an observer sees coming from the thin film, if it has a uniform thickness of 0.265 m? a) You would see alternating bright and dark bands. b) You would see the spectrum of colors. c) You would see the film as uniformly bright due to constructive interference. d) You would see the film as uniformly dark due to destructive interference. e) You cannot see any effects because the film is too thin.

By what amount does the phase of a light wave change when it reflects from the interface of a medium that has a higher index of refraction? a) zero b) 0.25 wavelength c) 0.50 wavelength d) 1.00 wavelength e) None of the above answers are correct.

By which of the following methods could the current in a given circuit be doubled? a) Either double the resistance or double the voltage. b) Reduce either the voltage or the resistance to half of the initial value. c) Either double the voltage or reduce the resistance to half of its initial value. d) Either double the resistance or reduce the voltage to half of its initial value. e) None of the above answers are correct.

Capacitor B has one-half the capacitance of capacitor A. How does the charge on capacitor A compare to that on B when the two are connected in series to a battery for a long time? a) The charge on capacitor A is one-fourth the charge on capacitor B. b) The charge on capacitor A is one-half the charge on capacitor B. c) The charge on capacitor A is the same as the charge on capacitor B. d) The charge on capacitor A is twice the charge on capacitor B. e) The charge on capacitor A is four times the charge on capacitor B.

Electromagnetic waves have linear momentum as well as energy. What does this imply about electromagnetic waves? a) Electromagnetic waves must have mass. b) Electromagnetic waves can interact with each other. c) Electromagnetic waves can exert pressure on an object. d) Electromagnetic waves have inertia. e) Electromagnetic waves are the same as sound waves.

Ernest O. Lawrence, of the University of California, Berkeley, invented the cyclotron in 1929. A more modern version was completed in 1961 at the Lawrence-Livermore Laboratory that has a radius of 88 inches. What is the frequency of circular motion at the "88-incher" if protons are circulating in a magnetic field of 0.48 T? a) 1.4 × 10^6 Hz b) 4.5 × 10^6 Hz c) 7.3 × 10^6 Hz d) 3.6 × 10^5 Hz e) 9.7 × 10^4 Hz

For a cylindrical capacitor, the capacitance does not depend on which of the following values? a) the permittivity constant b) the radius of the inner conductor c) the amount of charge on the conductors d) the radius of the outer conductor e) the length of the cylinder

For which combination for the length L and radius r of a wire will the resistance have the smallest value? a) L = 0.50 m and r = 0.03 m b) L = 0.25 m and r = 0.08 m c) L = 0.40 m and r = 0.2 m d) L = 0.80 m and r = 0.1 m e) L = 0.10 m and r = 0.05 m

Horizontally polarized light of intensity S is incident on a polarizer with its transmission axis oriented at 45°. Determine the fraction of light intensity exiting the polarizer. a) zero b) 0.25S c) 0.5S d) 0.71S e) S

How does the capacitance of two identical capacitors connected in series compare to that of one of the capacitors? a) The two capacitors connected in series have a larger capacitance. b) The two capacitors connected in series have the same capacitance. c) The two capacitors connected in series have a smaller capacitance.

How is the direction of current flow defined in a conductor? a) It is in the direction of the force on a charged particle. b) It is in the direction that the atoms move. c) It is in the direction that positively-charged particles would move. d) It is in the direction that negatively-charged particles would move. e) It is up to the person doing a given problem to decide the direction.

If the index of refraction for a given material is 1.5, what is the speed of light in that material relative to the speed of light in a vacuum, c? a) No material can have an index greater than 1 since light cannot travel faster than c. b) c/2 c) 2c/3 d) c e) 1.5c

In which one of the following cases does the radiation pressure have the largest value? a) Electromagnetic waves are directed toward a transparent object and transmitted through it. b) All of the electromagnetic waves directed toward an object are absorbed by it. c) All of the electromagnetic waves directed toward an object are reflected by it. d) One half of the electromagnetic waves directed toward an object are absorbed by it and the other half are reflected by it.

In which one of the following situations does a conventional electric current flow due north? a) Protons in a beam are moving due south. b) A water molecule is moving due north. c) Electrons in a beam are moving due south. d) Electrons in a wire connected to a battery are moving from south to north.

Light rays parallel to the central axis approach a converging lens. Where do the rays converge? a) at the center of the lens b) at infinity c) at the focal point d) at a point located two focal lengths from the lens

The drawing shows two long, thin wires that carry currents in the positive z direction. Both wires are parallel to the z axis. The 50- A wire is in the x-z plane and is 5 m from the z axis. The 40-A wire is in the y-z plane and is 4 m from the z axis. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field at the origin? a) zero tesla b) 1 x 10^-6 T c) 3 x 10^-6 T d) 5 x 10^-6 T e) 7 x 10^-6 T

The drift speed within a certain conductor is 0.10 mm/s. How many electrons move through a unit cross-sectional area in the circuit each second if the current is 2.5 A? a) 2.5 × 10^4 b) 1.6 × 10^15 c) 1.6 × 10^23 d) 2.5 × 10^22 e) 6.4 × 10^28

The magnitude of the electric field within a conducting wire depends on which of the following quantities? a) potential difference, wire diameter, wire length, and wire conductivity b) potential difference and wire conductivity only c) potential difference, wire length, and wire conductivity only d) wire diameter, wire length, and wire conductivity only e) The magnitude of the electric field inside the conductor is always zero.

Through a certain cross-sectional area of a wire, one coulomb of electrons pass each second. In this case, the current through the wire is equal to which one of the following choices? a) one electron volt b) one volt c) one ampere d) one watt e) one joule per second

To make silicon useful for electronic circuits, impurity atoms must be added. What is the name of this process? a) implementation b) superposition c) doping d) seeding e) sintering

Two 20-Ω resistors are connected in parallel. A potential difference of 9 V is then applied across both resistors. What is the resulting total current through the two resistors? a) 0.23 A b) 0.45 A c) 0.90 A d) 2.2 A e) 4.4 A

Two parallel wires have currents that are in opposite directions and have differing magnitudes. The current in wire A is i; and the current in wire B is 2i. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true? a) Wire A attracts wire B with half the force that wire B attracts wire A. b) Wire A attracts wire B with twice the force that wire B attracts wire A. c) Both wires repel each other with the same amount of force. d) Wire A repels wire B with half the force that wire B attracts wire A. e) Wire A repels wire B with twice the force that wire B attracts wire A.

Two parallel wires have currents that have the same direction, but differing magnitude. The current in wire A is i; and the current in wire B is 2i. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true? a) Wire A attracts wire B with half the force that wire B attracts wire A. b) Wire A attracts wire B with twice the force that wire B attracts wire A. c) Both wires attract each other with the same amount of force. d) Wire A repels wire B with half the force that wire B attracts wire A. e) Wire A repels wire B with twice the force that wire B attracts wire A.

Complete the following statement: Lenz's law indicates that induced currents form to oppose a) a change in the magnetic field direction. b) a change in the magnetic field. c) the magnetic flux. d) a change in the electric flux. e) a change in the magnetic flux.

Unpolarized light with intensity S is incident on a series of polarizing sheets. The first sheet has its transmission axis oriented at 0°. A second polarizer has its transmission axis oriented at 45° and a third polarizer oriented with its axis at 90°. Determine the fraction of light intensity exiting the third sheet with and without the second sheet present. a) 0.5S, S b) 0.5S, zero c) 0.25S, zero d) 0.25S, 0.5S e) S, 0.5S

Water waves of wavelength are approaching an opening of width W. For which of the following parameter choices will the greatest diffraction of the waves occur? a) large wavelength, large width b) small wavelength, large width c) large wavelength, small width d) small wavelength, small width

What effect, if any, does increasing the resistance in an RC circuit have on the charging of the capacitor? a) The resistance has no effect on the charging of the capacitor, which is determined by the emf of the battery and the capacitance of the capacitor. b) Increasing the resistance causes the charging time to increase since the rate at which charges are moving to the capacitor increases. c) The charging time will decrease as the resistance is increased because the rate at which charges are moving to the capacitor decreases. d) Increasing the resistance increases the charging time since the emf of the battery will be reduced. e) Increasing the resistance decreases the charging time since the emf of the battery will be reduced.

When unpolarized light is incident on a sheet of polarizing material with a transmission axis oriented vertically, what percentage of the light is transmitted through the material? a) ten percent b) twenty-five percent c) fifty percent d) seventy-five percent e) zero percent

Which of the following occurs when part of an electric circuit is connected to ground? a) The ground acts like a battery, so the current in the circuit increases. b) Any current in the circuit flows to the ground. c) The electric potential at the connection point is equal to zero volts. d) The electric potential difference across the terminals of any batteries in the circuit is equal to zero volts. e) The ground provides a source for more electrons to flow into the circuit.

Which of the following statements concerning resistors that are wired in parallel is true? a) The current through each resistor is necessarily the same. b) The equivalent resistance for the resistors in the circuit is the sum of the individual resistances. c) The voltage across each resistor is necessarily the same. d) The equivalent resistance for the resistors in the circuit is the product of the individual resistances. e) The equivalent resistance for the resistors in the circuit is the average of the individual resistances.

Which of the following terms is used to describe materials that have regions in which strong magnetic dipole moments are aligned with each other? a) diamagnetic b) paramagnetic c) ferromagnetic d) ferrimagnetic e) gaussetic

Which one of the following changes will necessarily increase the capacitance of a capacitor? a) decreasing the charge on the plates b) increasing the charge on the plates c) placing a dielectric between the plates d) increasing the potential difference between the plates e) decreasing the potential difference between the plates

Which one of the following conditions is not a requirement for a particle to experience a magnetic force when placed in a magnetic field? a) The particle must be moving. b) The particle must be charged. c) The particle must not be under the influence of any other forces. d) The velocity of the particle must have a component that is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field.

Which one of the following expressions gives the correct relationship between the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave? a) E = B b) B = cE c) E = cB d) B^2 = µ0E e) E = µ0B

Which one of the following quantities can be measured by performing a Hall effect measurement? a) magnetic monopole strength b) charge of the electron c) number density of charge carriers d) acceleration of an electron e) work function

A coil of wire with N turns and area A is placed into a magnetic field of magnitude B. The angle of the normal to the plane of the coil is at an angle φ with respect to the magnetic field. According the Faraday's law, which of the following changes will produce an emf in a coil of wire? a) B is decreased b) A is increased c) φ is decreased d) any of the above choices e) none of the above choices

Which one of the following terms describes the resistance that a battery (or other emf device) has in a circuit? a) super resistance b) critical resistance c) internal resistance d) terminal resistance e) electroresistance

While analyzing the currents within a circuit containing multiple components (such as batteries, resistors, etc.), which of the following statements concerning currents flowing into a single junction must be true? a) The sum of the currents entering the junction must equal the total current through the battery. b) The sum of the currents entering the junction must equal zero. c) The sum of the currents entering the junction must equal the sum of the currents exiting the junction. d) The currents entering the junction must follow only one of the possible exit paths. e) The currents entering the junction may exit back along the path from which they entered.

Wires A and B are identical except that each is made from a different material. The one end of wire A is connected to one end of wire B. The two remaining ends are connected across a battery and current flows through the two wires. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true? a) The potential difference across the two wires is the same, but the current through each wire is different. b) The potential difference across the two wires is the same; and the current through each wire is the same. c) The potential difference across the two wires is different, but the current through each wire is the same. d) Both the potential difference across the two wires and the current through each wire is different. e) Too little information is given to make a determination.

You are looking down on a long, straight cable that is carrying current toward the north. What is the direction of the magnetic field due to the current at your location? a) west b) north c) east d) up e) down

A permanent magnet is moved toward a 320-turn solenoid such that the magnetic field inside the solenoid increases from zero to 0.50 T in 0.75 s. The radius of the solenoid is 0.035 m. The ends of the solenoid are connected in series with a light bulb. What emf is induced during this time interval? a) 24 V b) 12 V c) 2.8 V d) 0.82 V e) 0.026 V

A small paramagnetic sphere is placed near the north pole of a strong bar magnet. Which one of the following statements concerning the subsequent behavior of the ball when it is released is the most likely? a) The ball will remain stationary. b) The ball will roll toward the north pole of the bar magnet and stick to it. c) The ball will roll toward the south pole of the bar magnet and stick to it. d) The ball will roll away from the north pole

An automatic coffee maker uses a resistive heating element to boil the 2.4 kg of water that was poured into it at 21 °C. The current delivered to the coffee pot is 8.5 A when it is plugged into a 120 V electrical outlet. If the specific heat capacity of water is 4186 J/kgC° , approximately how long does it take to boil all of the water? a) 5 minutes b) 8 minutes c) 10 minutes d) 13 minutes e) 15 minutes

An initially unmagnetized iron bar is placed next to a solenoid. Which one of the following statements describes the iron bar after the solenoid is connected to the battery? a) A magnetic force accelerates the bar to the right. b) Since the bar is unmagnetized, there will not be any affect on the bar. c) The magnetic field of the solenoid will cause a current to flow in a loop that extends from one end of the bar to the other and that continues until the battery is disconnected from the solenoid. d) The magnetic field of the solenoid induces magnetism in the bar with the bar's north pole nearest to the solenoid. e) The magnetic field of the solenoid induces magnetism in the bar with the bar's south pole nearest to the solenoid.

An object is placed at a distance 5.0 cm to the left of a converging lens with a focal length 2.5 cm. Using the thin lens equation and the magnification equation, determine the location and magnification of the image formed by this configuration. a) The image is formed 2.5 cm to the right of the lens and it has a magnification of -1/2. b) The image is formed 5.0 cm to the right of the lens and it has a magnification of -1/2. c) The image is formed 2.5 cm to the right of the lens and it has a magnification of -1. d) The image is formed 5.0 cm to the right of the lens and it has a magnification of -1. e) The image is formed 1.25 cm to the right of the lens and it has a magnification of -1/4.

An object is placed to the right of a spherical mirror that is concave towards the object. The focal length of the mirror is 12 cm. If the object is located 8 cm from the mirror, what is the image distance? a) -8 cm b) +12 cm c) -12 cm d) -24 cm e) +24 cm

Blue light ( = 512 nm) is illuminating a thin film of plastic (nP = 1.60) that is on top of a glass sheet (nG = 1.45). Which of the following statements best describes the light that an observer sees coming from the thin film, if it has a uniform thickness of 0.200 m? a) You would see alternating bright and dark bands. b) You would see the spectrum of colors. c) You would see the film as uniformly bright due to constructive interference. d) You would see the film as uniformly dark due to destructive interference. e) You cannot see any effects because the film is too thin.

Capacitor B has one-half the capacitance of capacitor A. How does the charge on capacitor A compare to that on B when the two are connected in parallel with a battery for a long time? a) The charge on capacitor A is one-fourth the charge on capacitor B. b) The charge on capacitor A is one-half the charge on capacitor B. c) The charge on capacitor A is the same as the charge on capacitor B. d) The charge on capacitor A is twice the charge on capacitor B. e) The charge on capacitor A is four times the charge on capacitor B.

Complete the following sentence: The term coherent relates to a) the amplitude of two waves. b) the frequency of two waves. c) the diffraction of two waves. d) the phase relationship between two waves. e) the polarization state of two waves.

Complete the following sentence: the electrical resistivity of most metal wires is a) constant, even when the temperature of the metals varies greatly. b) independent of the length of the wire. c) expressed in ohms. d) much smaller than the values for most semiconductors. e) inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the wire.

Complete the following statement: Current density is a measure of a) the number of charges in a volume at a given time. b) the amount of current flowing through a volume. c) the amount of charges in a cross-sectional area at a given time. d) the amount of current flowing through a cross-sectional area. e) the total mass of the charges through a cross-sectional area.

Complete the following statement: When a dielectric with constant κ is inserted between the plates of a charged isolated capacitor a) the capacitance is reduced by a factor κ. b) the charge on the plates is reduced by a factor of κ. c) the charge on the plates is increased by a factor of κ. d) the electric field between the plates is reduced by a factor of κ. e) the potential difference between the plates is increased by a factor of κ

Consider the following quantities: (1) mass, (2) velocity, (3) charge, and (4) magnetic field strength. Upon which of these quantities is the force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field dependent? a) 1 and 4 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1, 3, and 4 only d) 2, 3, and 4 only e) 1, 2, and 3 only

In analyzing electric circuits containing a battery and at least one resistor, what is the change in potential across a resistor as one moves through it in the direction of the current? a) +I^2R b) −I^2R c) +IR d) −IR e) zero

The battery capacity of a lithium ion battery in a digital music player is 750 mA-h. The manufacturer claims that the player can operate for eight hours if the battery is initially fully charged. Given this information, determine the number of electrons that flow through the player as you listen to your favorite songs for three hours. a) 6.2 × 10^18 electrons b) 1.0 × 10^3 electrons c) 2.4 × 10^9 electrons d) 6.3 × 10^21 electrons e) 8.1 × 10^28 electrons

The plane of a conducting loop is oriented parallel to the x-y plane. A magnetic field is directed in the −z direction. Which one of the following actions will not change the magnetic flux through the loop? a) Decrease the area of the loop. b) Decrease the strength of the magnetic field. c) Increase the strength of the magnetic field. d) Rotate the loop about an axis that is directed in the z direction and that passes through the center of the loop. e) Rotate the loop about an axis that is directed in the y direction and that passes through the center of the loop.

Two metal bars, A and B, are identical in all ways, except that bar B has twice the width of A. The bars are parallel to each other, but far apart from each other, in a uniform magnetic field and carry the same amount of current in a direction perpendicular to the field. How does the Hall voltage of bar B compare to that of bar A? a) The Hall voltage for bar B will be four times greater than that of bar A. b) The Hall voltage for bar B will be two times greater than that of bar A. c) The Hall voltage for bar B will be the same as that of bar A. d) The Hall voltage for bar B will be one-half that of bar A. e) The Hall voltage for bar B will be one-fourth that of bar A.

What effect, if any, does increasing the capacitance in an RC circuit have on the charging of the capacitor? a) The capacitance has no effect on the charging of the capacitor, which is determined by the emf of the battery and the circuit resistance. b) Increasing the capacitance causes the charging time to increase since the rate at which charges are moving to the capacitor increases. c) The charging time will decrease as the capacitance is increased because the rate at which charges are moving to the capacitor decreases. d) Increasing the capacitance increases the charging time since the capacitor can hold more charge. e) Increasing the capacitance decreases the charging time since the emf of the battery will be reduced.

What is capacitance? a) the amount of charge on a capacitor b) the amount of current flowing into or out of a capacitor c) the maximum amount of charge a capacitor can hold d) the amount of charge needed to produce a certain potential difference across a capacitor e) the amount of potential difference across a capacitor

What is the angle of refraction when the angle of incidence is equal to the critical angle? a) zero degrees b) thirty degrees c) forty-five degrees d) ninety degrees e) It depends on the index of refraction.

What is the primary difference between an ideal emf device and a real emf device? a) The electric potential of a real emf device is limited. b) The resistance of a real emf device is finite, but the resistance of an ideal emf device is assumed to be infinite. c) A real emf device can carry an electric current, but an ideal emf device does not. d) A real emf device has an internal resistance, but an ideal emf device does not. e) A real emf device has a potential difference across its terminals, but an ideal emf device does not.

What type of image does an observer see when the light rays entering his/her eye do not actually emanate from the image? a) intangible b) real c) diffuse d) virtual e) incongruent

When a battery, a resistor, a switch, and an inductor form a circuit and the switch is closed, the inductor acts to oppose the change in the current. How is the time constant of the inductor affected by doubling the resistance in the circuit? a) The time constant would increase to four times its original value. b) The time constant would increase to twice its original value. c) The time constant would remain the same. d) The time constant would decrease to one-half its original value. e) The time constant would decrease to one-fourth its original value.

When a potential difference is applied to a certain copper wire, a current of 1.5 A passes through the wire. If the wire was removed from the circuit and replaced with a copper wire of twice the crosssectional area, what current would flow through the new wire? Assume the wires are identical in all other aspects. a) 0.38 A b) 0.75 A c) 1.5 A d) 3.0 A e) 6.0 A

When the distance between charged parallel plates of a capacitor is d, the potential difference is V. If the distance is decreased to d/2, how will the potential difference change, if at all? a) The new potential difference would be one-fourth of the previous value. b) The new potential difference would be one-half of the previous value. c) The new potential difference would be the same as the previous value. d) The new potential difference would be twice the previous value. e) The new potential difference would be four times the previous value.

Which of the following corresponds to the units for current? a) N/s b) m/s c) C ∙ m/s d) C/s e) Two or more of the above answers are correct.

Which of the following expressions gives the energy density between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor? a) (1/2)εV/d b) (1/2)εV^2/d c) (1/2)ε(V^2)d d) (1/2)ε(V^2/d^2) e) (1/2)ε(d^2/V^2)

Which of the following is most responsible for the magnetic behavior of materials? a) neutrons b) protons c) photons d) electrons e) phonons

Which one of the following choices is not one of Kirchoff's rules? a) junction rule b) emf rule c) loop rule d) slide rule e) resistance rule

Which one of the following is the correct expression for the angular frequency of oscillation for an LC circuit? a) ω = LC b) ω = sqrt(LC) c) ω = 1/LC d) ω = 1/sqrt(LC) e) ω = 2π/LC

Which one of the following phrases best describes images formed by diverging lenses? a) always smaller than the object b) always larger than the object c) always inverted d) always virtual e) always real

Which one of the following quantities remains constant for a given LC circuit? a) the energy stored in the capacitor b) the energy stored in the inductor c) the energy stored in the current flowing in the circuit d) the sum of the energy stored in the capacitor and that in the inductor e) the energy dissipated in the circuit

Which one of the following statements concerning electromagnetic waves is false? a) One form of electromagnetic radiation is visible light. b) All electromagnetic waves travel through a vacuum region at the speed of light. c) All electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. d) All electromagnetic waves have the same frequency. e) Electromagnetic waves can travel through solids, liquids, gases, and vacuum regions.

Which one of the following statements concerning the electric field inside a conductor is true if electrons are moving from right to left in a conducting wire? a) The electric field must be zero in this case. b) The electric field is directed perpendicular to the direction the electrons are moving. c) The electric field is directed toward the left. d) The electric field is directed toward the right.

Which one of the following statements concerning the magnetic force on a charged particle in a magnetic field is true? a) The magnitude of the force is largest when the particle is not moving. b) The force is zero if the particle moves perpendicular to the field. c) The magnitude of the force is largest when the particle moves parallel to the direction of the magnetic field. d) The force depends on the component of the particle's velocity that is perpendicular to the field. e) The force acts in the direction of motion for a positively charged particle.

Wires A and B are identical, except that the length of wire A is onehalf that of wire B. If the same potential difference is applied between the two ends of each wire, how does the electric field within wire A compare to that in wire B? a) The electric field in wire A is one fourth that in wire B. b) The electric field in wire A is one half that in wire B. c) The electric field in wire A is the same as that in wire B. d) The electric field in wire A is twice that in wire B. e) The electric field in wire A is four times that in wire B.

A battery charges capacitor A until the potential difference between the two conductors of the capacitor is V. A second, identical capacitor, labeled B, is charged by another battery until the potential difference of capacitor B is 2V. How does the stored energy of capacitor B compare to that of capacitor A? a) The stored energy in both capacitors is the same since the capacitance of both is the same. b) The stored energy of capacitor B is one-fourth that of capacitor A. c) The stored energy of capacitor B is one-half that of capacitor A. d) The stored energy of capacitor B is twice that of capacitor A. e) The stored energy of capacitor B is four times that of capacitor A.

A capacitor has a very large capacitance of 10 F. The capacitor is charged by placing a potential difference of 2 V between its plates. How much energy is stored in the capacitor? a) 2000 J b) 500 J c) 100 J d) 40 J e) 20 J

A long wire carries a current toward the east in a magnetic field that is directed due south. What is the direction of the magnetic force on the wire? a) west b) north c) east d) vertically upward e) vertically downward

A negatively-charged particle travels parallel to magnetic field lines within a region of space. Which one of the following statements concerning the force exerted on the particle is true? a) The force is directed perpendicular to the magnetic field. b) The force is perpendicular to the direction in which the particle is moving. c) The force slows the particle. d) The force accelerates the particle. e) The force has a magnitude of zero newtons.

A parallel plate capacitor is fully charged at a potential V. A dielectric with constant κ = 4 is inserted between the plates of the capacitor while the potential difference between the plates remains constant. Which one of the following statements is false concerning this situation? a) The energy density remains unchanged. b) The capacitance increases by a factor of four. c) The stored energy increases by a factor of four. d) The charge on the capacitor increases by a factor of four. e) The electric field between the plates increases by a factor of four.

A single circular loop of wire with radius 0.020 m carries a current of 8.0 A is placed at the center of a solenoid that has length 0.65 m, radius 0.080 m, and 1400 turns. Determine the value of the current in the solenoid so that the magnetic field at the center of the loop is zero tesla. a) 1.4 × 10^-1 A b) 2.5 × 10^-4 A c) 4.4 × 10^-2 A d) 5.0 × 10^-3 A e) 9.3 × 10^-2 A

At what orientation angle relative to the magnetic field direction does the magnetic potential energy of a magnetic dipole have its largest value? a) 0 b) 45 c) 90 d) 135 e) 180

Complete the following statement: The polarization direction of an electromagnetic wave is determined by a) the direction the wave is traveling. b) the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation. c) the direction of the magnetic field component. d) the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. e) the direction of the electric field component.

One end of resistor A is connected to the positive terminal of a battery and the other end is connected to resistor B. The opposite end of resistor B is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. If resistor A has resistance R and B has a resistance 2R, what is the equivalent resistance of this circuit? a) R b) 3R/2 c) 2R d) 2R/3 e) 3R

The fact that the sum of the currents entering any junction in an electric circuit must be equal to the sum of the currents leaving the junction is an expression of what principle? a) conservation of energy b) Heisenberg uncertainty principle c) conservation of momentum d) Archimedes' Principle e) conservation of charge

The plates of an isolated parallel plate capacitor are separated by a distance d and carry charge of magnitude q. The distance between the plates is then reduced to d/2. How is the energy stored in the capacitor affected by this change? a) The energy increases to twice its initial value. b) The energy increases to four times its initial value. c) The energy is not affected by this change. d) The energy decreases to one fourth of its initial value. e) The energy decreases to one half of its initial value.

Two solenoids, A and B, have the same length and cross-sectional area. Solenoid B has three times the number of turns per unit length. What is the ratio of the self-inductance of solenoid B to that of solenoid A? a) 1/3 b) sqrt 3 c) 3 d) 6 e) 9

What does the Poynting vector at a given point describe? a) the direction of the electric field b) the direction of the magnetic field c) the direction the wave is traveling d) the direction in which energy is transported e) Both (c) and (d) are correct.

What is the name given to the quantum mechanical effect that gives rise to ferromagnetism in materials, such as iron, cobalt, and nickel? a) parity b) nuclear magnetic resonance c) cooper pairing d) quantization e) exchange coupling

What must the path difference between two light sources of wavelength be for interference to occur at a point where the two waves meet resulting in a dark fringe? a) (n/2)lambda, where n is an even integer b) (n/2)lambda , where n is an odd integer c) n(lambda), where n is an even integer d) n(lambda), where n is an odd integer e) n(lambda), where n is any integer or zero

When a metal sheet is pulled from a region containing a magnetic field, currents are induced in the metal sheet. What is the name given to these currents? a) andy currents b) betty currents c) curie currents d) drew currents e) eddy currents

When a potential difference is applied to a certain copper wire, a current of 1.5 A passes through the wire. If the wire was removed from the circuit and replaced with a copper wire of twice the diameter, what current would flow through the new wire? Assume the wires are identical in all other aspects. a) 0.38 A b) 0.75 A c) 1.5 A d) 3.0 A e) 6.0 A

When horizontally polarized light is incident on a sheet of polarizing material with a transmission axis oriented vertically, what percentage of the light is transmitted through the material? a) ten percent b) twenty-five percent c) fifty percent d) seventy-five percent e) zero percent

Which of the following types of waves is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum? a) microwaves b) gamma rays c) ultraviolet radiation d) radio waves e) sound waves

Which one of the following materials is not ferromagnetic? a) cobalt b) nickel c) gadolinium d) iron e) aluminum

Which one of the following sentences best describes the term refraction? a) Light is reflected at the interface between two transparent media. b) The angle of incidence does not equal the angle of reflection at the interface between two materials. c) Light is divided along two paths at an interface between two materials. d) The direction of light is along a straight line as it passes from one material into another, regardless of the angle of incidence. e) Light travels through the boundary of two different materials.

Which one of the following statements is not a characteristic of a voltmeter? a) The voltmeter measures the voltage between two points in a circuit. b) The voltmeter is designed to measure nearly the same voltage that is present when the meter is not connected. c) The voltmeter is not placed directly into a circuit. d) The voltmeter is designed to draw very little current from the circuit being measured. e) An ideal voltmeter has almost no resistance.

Which one of the following terms is used for the effect in which a changing current in one circuit induces an emf in another circuit? a) self-induction b) coherence c) interference d) Lenz effect e) mutual induction

Which one of the following units is the correct SI unit for the electromotive force (emf)? a) newtons (N) b) coulombs (C) c) joules (J). d) amperes (A) e) volts (V)

Which pair of terms correctly fills the blanks in the following sentence? ________ is a property of an object while ________ is a property of a material. a) resistivity, conductivity b) current, current density c) current, resistance d) resistance, current e) resistance, resistivity

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