Pharm Ex 3

A patient prescribed omega-3 fatty acids (Lovaza) asked the nurse what he should know about the drug. The best response would include (Select all that apply.) 1. "Lovaza is used to decrease very elevated triglyceride levels." 2. "Lovaza is often used with statins to further lower cholesterol levels." 3. "Lovaza may cause myositis or rhabdomyolysis." 4. "Lovaza should be used with caution in patients who are allergic to fish." 5. "Lovaza should be discontinued after 2 months of therapy if there is not an adequate response."

1. "Lovaza is used to decrease very elevated triglyceride levels." 2. "Lovaza is often used with statins to further lower cholesterol levels." 4. "Lovaza should be used with caution in patients who are allergic to fish." 5. "Lovaza should be discontinued after 2 months of therapy if there is not an adequate response."

Which information does the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient starting on antihistamine therapy for seasonal allergies? 1. "Take medication 45 to 60 minutes before going outdoors during pollen season." 2. "Do not expect relief from allergy symptoms until the medication has been taken for at least 3 days." 3. "Drink at least six 8 ounce glasses of fluid daily to compensate for the drying effects of the antihistamine." 4. "If drowsiness occurs, contact the prescriber for a change in drug because tolerance to antihistamines does not develop."

1. "Take medication 45 to 60 minutes before going outdoors during pollen season."

During an evaluation of a patient who came into the clinic complaining of shortness of breath and increased sputum production, the nurse asks the patient for further information by the following statements: (Select all that apply.) 1. "Tell me about your cough. Does it wake you at night?" 2. "What activities would you say make you short of breath?" 3. "When you cough up sputum, what color is it?" 4. "Is there anyone at home to help you?" 5. "Have you had any constipation or diarrhea recently?"

1. "Tell me about your cough. Does it wake you at night?" 2. "What activities would you say make you short of breath?" 3. "When you cough up sputum, what color is it?" 4. "Is there anyone at home to help you?"

A patient taking the fibric acid gemfibrozil asks the nurse how this drug works. The best response would be 1. "The drug gemfibrozil is used to lower your triglyceride level." 2. "Fibric acids are used to help lower your cholesterol level." 3. "The doctor prescribed this drug to help lower the HDLs in your system." 4. "This drug is useful for preventing insulin resistance."

1. "The drug gemfibrozil is used to lower your triglyceride level."

A patient asked the nurse about the frequent upper respiratory illnesses that he was experiencing. The best response by the nurse would be.... 1. "Your respiratory system is designed to warm, filter, and humidify the air you breathe, as well as allow you to smell things. When you have an infection, the normal functioning can be impaired. Avoid irritants such as smoke, chemicals, or allergens that might make your nasal passages more susceptible to infections." 2. "Sometimes when this happens your respiratory system will stop working properly and you will need to get a flu shot to get it back on track." 3. "Studies show that once you get an infection, it never really leaves your system, so you will be having this problem regularly." 4. "Your respiratory system can become overwhelmed with too many infections and then it doesn't work anymore."

1. "Your respiratory system is designed to warm, filter, and humidify the air you breathe, as well as allow you to smell things. When you have an infection, the normal functioning can be impaired. Avoid irritants such as smoke, chemicals, or allergens that might make your nasal passages more susceptible to infections."

A drug from which class will most likely help a patient reporting insomnia as a result of a persistent cough? 1. Antitussive 2. Antihistamine 3. Decongestant 4. Bronchodilator

1. Antitussive

Which type of insulin has the most rapid onset and shortest duration of action? 1. Aspart (Novolog) 2. Glargine (Lantus) 3. egular (Humulin R) 4. Extended insulin zinc suspension (Humulin U, Ultralente)

1. Aspart (Novolog)

A patient is taking cromolyn sodium (Nasalcrom) for prophylactic management of asthma. Which adverse effect does the nurse instruct the patient to report to the healthcare provider immediately? 1. Coughing 2. Constipation 3. Urinary retention 4. Green yellow visual halos

1. Coughing

A patient has just been prescribed diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl) for a dermatologic reaction. The nurse questions the order after finding that the patient currently has which condition? 1. Glaucoma 2. Osteoarthritis 3. Crohn's disease 4. Meniere's syndrome

1. Glaucoma

After learning the symptoms of hypoglycemia, a patient performing teach-back to the nurse included all of the following in the discussion. (Select all that apply.) 1. Hunger 2. Rapid, shallow respirations 3. Vomiting and abdominal pain 4. Sweating 5. Weakness and blurred vision

1. Hunger 4. Sweating 5. Weakness and blurred vision

Before initiating antihistamine medications, the nurse knows that the patient's history should be checked for which of the following? (Select all that apply.) 1. Hypertension 2. Hypothyroidism 3. Glaucoma 4. Urinary retention 5. Prostatic hyperplasia

1. Hypertension 3. Glaucoma 4. Urinary retention 5. Prostatic hyperplasia

A patient starting on metformin (Glucophage) informs the nurse that he runs 5 miles a day. Which adverse reaction to metformin is of most concern the nurse? 1. Lactic acidosis 2. Increased abdominal pain 3. Increased hyperglycemia with exercise 4. Increased low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels

1. Lactic acidosis

These types of insulin are the rapid-acting types. (Select all that apply.) 1. Lispro 2. Humulin R 3. Glargine 4. Glulisine 5. Aspart

1. Lispro 4. Glulisine 5. Aspart

What is the primary reason for instructing patients to avoid overuse of nasal decongestant sprays? 1. Rebound swelling of the nasal passages can occur 2. Superinfection caused by normal flora can develop 3. Systemic absorption can precipitate hypertensive crisis 4. Cracking and bleeding of the mucous membranes can occur

1. Rebound swelling of the nasal passages can occur

Lifestyle modifications that can be implemented to reduce the risk of developing hyperlipidemia include (Select all that apply.) 1. maintaining a heart-healthy diet. 2. daily dental hygiene. 3. avoiding tobacco products. 4. maintaining a healthy weight. 5. regular exercise.

1. maintaining a heart-healthy diet. 3. avoiding tobacco products. 4. maintaining a healthy weight. 5. regular exercise.

The nurse teaching a patient about lipoproteins realized further education was needed when the patient made the following statement 1. "I understand that our body manufactures cholesterol and it is needed for normal functioning." 2. "I need to watch my level of HDL and keep it low, while making sure my LDL level is higher." 3. "If I overeat, my body converts the excess carbohydrates into triglycerides." 4. "I need to watch my level of LDL and keep it low, while making sure my HDL level is higher."

2. "I need to watch my level of HDL and keep it low, while making sure my LDL level is higher."

The nurse is educating a new diabetic patient on how to manage dietary requirements and prevent hypoglycemia. The patient needed further teaching after he stated the following: 1. "If I increase my carbohydrate intake, I will need to adjust my daily insulin dose." 2. "So as I understand it, when I increase my protein intake, I can decrease my physical activity without affecting my blood sugar." 3. "When I take a beta blocker with insulin, it can cause my blood sugar to drop." 4. "If I take insulin and do not eat enough carbohydrates, I could become hypoglycemic."

2. "So as I understand it, when I increase my protein intake, I can decrease my physical activity without affecting my blood sugar."

After explaining allergic rhinitis to the patient, the nurse realized further teaching was needed when the patient stated the following: 1. "I have to be careful with nasal decongestants so I don't get that rebound effect, where after I take them, once the drug wears off, my nose gets stuffy again, then I wind up taking it again." 2. "So this antihistamine will stop my running nose and itchy eyes as well as my nasal congestion." 3. "As I understand it, I need to keep taking my antihistamine so I don't get complications such as nasal polyps from my allergy." 4. "So my nasal congestion is caused from reacting to the pollen in the air, which I will get every season."

2. "So this antihistamine will stop my running nose and itchy eyes as well as my nasal congestion."

A patient newly diagnosed with diabetes asks what is the goal of insulin therapy. What is the nurse's best response? 1. "To compensate for inadequate dietary control of glucose." 2. "To maintain blood glucose levels consistently within normal range." 3. "To prevent the breakdown of protein for use as energy in the body." 4. "To make certain there is sufficient insulin to allow glucose from foods to be metabolized."

2. "To maintain blood glucose levels consistently within normal range."

A patient received 15 units of regular (Humulin R) insulin at 7:00 AM. At what time does the patient experience the greatest risk for hypoglycemia from this dose of insulin? 1. 8:00 AM 2. 10:00 AM 3. 2:00 PM 4. 4:00 PM

2. 10:00 AM

The nurse administers lispro (Humalog) as ordered at 12:30 PM. At what time is the patient's response to the drug best evaluated? 1. 12:45 PM 2. 2:00 PM 3. 4:00 PM 4. 6:15 PM

2. 2:00 PM

The nurse knows that intranasal corticosteroids are used for short periods to treat seasonal allergies, and explains to the patient that the following needs to be done: (Select all that apply.) 1. Rinse mouth prior to application 2. Blow nose prior to application 3. Use nose drops of topical decongestants if ordered prior to application 4. Suck on hard candy or ice chips after application 5. Blow nose after application

2. Blow nose prior to application 3. Use nose drops of topical decongestants if ordered prior to application

During a respiratory assessment of a patient, the nurse noted the patient was coughing frequently and the oxygen saturation was <90%. The following lower respiratory diseases/conditions could be the cause of these findings? (Select all that apply.) 1. Pulmonary embolism 2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3. Asthma 4. Pneumonia 5. Smoking

2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3. Asthma 4. Pneumonia 5. Smoking

Which information does the nurse include when teaching a patient with asthma how to administer cromolyn sodium (Nasalcrom)? (Select all that apply.) 1. Discontinue use if nasal itching occurs 2. Continue therapy even if symptom-free 3. Full therapeutic benefits occur in 5 to 7 days 4. Exhale through the nose during administration 5. Avoid clearing nasal passages before administering 6. A maximum of six sprays in each nostril may be used daily

2. Continue therapy even if symptom-free 6. A maximum of six sprays in each nostril may be used daily

An unresponsive diabetic patient diagnosed with hypoglycemia is admitted to the emergency department. Which medication does the nurse anticipate will be ordered for this patient? 1. Atropine 2. Glucagon 3. Lidocaine (Xylocaine) 4. Epinephrine (Adrenalin)

2. Glucagon

A patient reports a harsh, nonproductive cough and muscle aches that have lasted for 5 days. There is not sore throat, temperature elevation, or swollen lymph nodes, but the patient is coughing so much that sleeping at night is difficult. Which type of medication will likely be prescribed for this patient? 1) decongestant 2) antibiotic 3) antitussive 4) expectorant

3) antitussive

A patient asked the nurse how the antidiabetic drug pioglitazone works to lower his blood glucose. The best response by the nurse is 1. "This medication works by stimulating the release of insulin from beta cells in the pancreas." 2. "Unfortunately, this medication works by an unknown mechanism of action." 3. "This is one of the antidiabetic agents that work by increasing muscle and fat tissue sensitivity to allow more glucose to enter the cell in the presence of insulin." 4. "This medication works by affecting certain enzymes used in the digestion of sugars, which results in delayed glucose absorption."

3. "This is one of the antidiabetic agents that work by increasing muscle and fat tissue sensitivity to allow more glucose to enter the cell in the presence of insulin."

During a clinic visit 3 months following a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, a patient reports following the reduced-calorie diet without any weight loss. The patient has also neglected to bring a record of glucose monitoring results. The best indicator of this patient's control of diabetes since the initial diagnosis and instruction is apparent using this laboratory value. 1. Fasting glucose level 2. Potassium level 3. A1C level 4. Urine ketones

3. A1C level

A patient is prescribed promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan). For which anticholinergic effect does the nurse monitor the patient? 1. Diarrhea 2. Paresthesias 3. Blurred vision 4. Increased salivation

3. Blurred vision

A patient has been prescribed acarbose (Precose). The nurse plans to instruct the patient about which adverse effect? 1. Fever 2. Anxiety 3. Diarrhea 4. Weight gain

3. Diarrhea

Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase) is prescribed for a patient diagnosed with diabetes. For which adverse effect does the nurse monitor the patient? 1. Tachycardia 2. Hypotension 3. Hepatotoxicity 4. Increased urine output

3. Hepatotoxicity

When cromolyn sodium is prescribed for patients with severe allergic rhinitis, the nurse knows this drug will have the following effect: 1. Bronchodilator 2. Antihistamine 3. Indirect anti-inflammatory agent 4. Decongestant

3. Indirect anti-inflammatory agent

A patient is prescribed ephedrine (Adrenalin) for nasal congestion. The nurse questions the order after finding that the patient is also taking which medication? 1. Penicillin 2. Cimetidine (Tagamet) 3. Methyldopa (Aldomet) 4. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

3. Methyldopa (Aldomet)

After the administration of inhaled steroid medications, the nurse instructs the patient to do which of the following: (Select all that apply.) 1. Hold the breath for 30 seconds. 2. Rinse the mouth and swallow. 3. Rinse the mouth with water and spit out the water. 4. Nothing is required. 5. Use the bronchodilator first before the inhaled steroid when both are ordered

3. Rinse the mouth with water and spit out the water. 5. Use the bronchodilator first before the inhaled steroid when both are ordered

What is the appropriate order of mixing two types of insulin in one syringe? 1. Long acting insulin should be drawn up before short acting. 2. Long acting insulin should be drawn up before intermediate acting. 3. Short acting insulin should be drawn up before intermediate acting. 4. Either long acting or short acting insulin can be drawn up first; the order does not matter.

3. Short acting insulin should be drawn up before intermediate acting.

You are instructing a patient who is taking cetirizine (Zyrtec) how to treat allergic rhinitis. Which of the following information should the provider include? 1) restrict fluids to minimize the drug's adverse effects 2) take the drug in the morning to reduce adverse effects 3) take the drug on an empty stomach to increase absorption 4) administer the drug prophylactically during allergy season

4) administer the drug prophylactically during allergy season

A patient has a history of emphysema and has been coughing for a prolonged period after waking in the morning. The patient is having difficulty clearing the thickened mucus from the lungs. Which type of medication does the nurse anticipate will be ordered for this patient? 1) diuretic 2) antibiotic 3) antitussive 4) mucolytic

4) mucolytic

A nurse is administering insulin subcutaneously to a patient. List in order the actions the nurse will take. 1. Draw up insulin 2. Document the medication 3. Inject insulin 4. Check the order 5. Verify the correct patient

4, 1, 5, 3, 2

The nurse is teaching a patient about an antihistamine that was prescribed. Which statement by the patient indicates that further teaching is needed? 1. "I should drink 8-10 glasses of water every day." 2. "If my vision starts to blur, I will need to call my doctor.'" 3. "I can suck on candy or chew gum when my mouth gets dry from this drug." 4. "I will be able to drive without any problem because I will know when I am impaired."

4. "I will be able to drive without any problem because I will know when I am impaired."

How long does it take for a patient to achieve the maximal effect of intranasal corticosteroids after beginning therapy? 1. Immediately 2. 1 to 3 days 3. 5 days 4. 2 weeks

4. 2 weeks

Which statement best describes the action of miglitol (Glyset)? 1. There is an increased production of insulin. 2. This drug blocks the breakdown of glucagons. 3. There is increased sensitivity of the cells to insulin. 4. Absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines is delayed.

4. Absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines is delayed.

A patient taking chlorpropamide (Diabinese) for diabetes drinks one beer per day. What education should this patient receive from the nurse? 1. Alcohol may increase ketoacidosis. 2. Alcohol decreases the effectiveness of hypoglycemic agents. 3. Chlorpropamide will increase the sedating effects of alcohol. 4. Alcohol combined with chlorpropamide may cause Antabuse-like reactions.

4. Alcohol combined with chlorpropamide may cause Antabuse-like reactions.

Which laboratory value does the nurse monitor in a patient taking glimepiride (Amaryl) for blood sugar control? 1. Creatinine levels 2. Triglyceride levels 3. Sedimentation rate 4. Complete blood count (CBC)

4. Complete blood count (CBC)

What information does the nurse give to a diabetic patient who asks if it is okay to drink an alcoholic beverage while taking insulin? 1. Distilled liquor is not advisable, but beer or wine with insulin is okay. 2. Alcohol induces hyperglycemia, requiring insulin or dietary adjustments. 3. Alcohol inactivates the insulin, increasing the risk of complications of diabetes. 4. Diabetic patients may have alcohol but should follow the guidelines of no more than two drinks per day for men and one for women since it does affect blood sugar.

4. Diabetic patients may have alcohol but should follow the guidelines of no more than two drinks per day for men and one for women since it does affect blood sugar.

Which laboratory values is the nurse concerned about for a patient taking a thiazolidinedione? 1. Decreased bleeding time 2. Increased creatinine levels 3. Decreased hemoglobin levels 4. Increased aminotransferase levels

4. Increased aminotransferase levels

Which clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia does the nurse instruct a patient with diabetes to recognize? 1. Confusion, irritability, and vomiting 2. Hunger, double vision, and apprehension 3. Weakness, increased heart rate, and hot dry skin 4. Increased heart rate, abnormal breathing, and fruity odor to the breath

4. Increased heart rate, abnormal breathing, and fruity odor to the breath

A registered nurse (RN) is observing a newly employed licensed practical nurse (LPN) administer isophane insulin suspension (NPH) to a patient. Which action by the LPN requires the RN to immediately intervene? 1. Administering NPH before breakfast 2. Administering NPH into the abdomen 3. Storing the NPH at room temperature 4. Shaking the vial of NPH before administration

4. Shaking the vial of NPH before administration

What is the expected effect of administering pramlintide (Symlin) to a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus? 1. Increased appetite 2. Increased gastric emptying time 3. Increased glucose output from the liver 4. Suppressed glucagon secretion from the liver

4. Suppressed glucagon secretion from the liver

A patient with diabetes mellitus is prescribed sitagliptin (Januvia). For which adverse effect does the nurse monitor the patient? 1. Hirsutism 2. Hypertension 3. Urinary retention 4. Upper respiratory infection

4. Upper respiratory infection

A patient who received morning insulin at breakfast started to complain around noon about feeling shaky, off balance, sweaty, and could not focus. The nurse suspected the patient was experiencing 1. lactic acidosis. 2. kidney failure. 3. hyperglycemia. 4. hypoglycemia.

4. hypoglycemia.

A nurse working for a home health agency is teaching a client who has diabetes mellitus about disease management. Which of the following glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values should the nurse include in the teaching as an indicator that the client is appropriately controlling his glucose levels? a) 6.3% b) 7.8% c) 8.5% d) 10%

a) 6.3%

Which instruction does the nurse give to a patient beginning lovastatin (Statins) therapy? a) Do not drink grapefruit juice. b) Use an over the counter (OTC) pain reliever as needed for muscle aches. c) Take the medication at lunchtime when possible. d) Return for weekly liver function tests.

a) Do not drink grapefruit juice.

A nurse observes mild hand tremors in a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take after obtaining a glucose meter reading of 60 mg/dL? a) administer 15 g of carbohydrates b) retest the blood glucose level c) administer 1 mg of glucagon IM d) administer IV dextrose

a) administer 15 g of carbohydrates

Because the patient with diabetes has a risk of two to four times greater, most diabetes-related deaths are the result of: a) cardiovascular disease b) respiratory disease c) gastrointestinal disease d) renal disease

a) cardiovascular disease

The newer rapid-acting shorter duration insulins, such as lispro, are used to control hyperglycemia associated with: a) meals, without having longer effects causing hypoglycemia b) bedtime, to prevent hypoglycemia during sleep c) exercise, during the early morning d) illness and stress on the body

a) meals, without having longer effects causing hypoglycemia

Which question must be answered before a 40 year old woman can begin statin therapy? a) "Have you experienced any symptoms of menopause?" b) "Are you pregnant?" c) "Is there a family history of breast cancer?" d) "Have you ever had a blood clot?"

b) "Are you pregnant?"

A client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse, "Why did I develop diabetes?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make? a) "Your body is destroying the cells that secrete insulin." b) "Your body has insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion." c) "An infection in your pancreas destroyed the cells that make insulin." d) "Your kidneys are not able to reabsorb water which leads to type 2 diabetes."

b) "Your body has insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion."

A lipid profile, liver function tests, uric acid, and blood glucose levels must be assessed before a patient is started on which type of antilipemic therapy? a) Colestipol b) Niacin c) Atorvastatin (Lipitor) d) Fenofibrate (Tricor)

b) Niacin

A patient is taking warfarin (Coumadin) and cholestyramine (BAB Resin). How does the nurse instruct this patient to take the medications? a) Take them together with food. b) Take warfarin 1 hour before or 4 hours after taking cholestyramine. c) Take them together between meals. d) Take cholestyramine in the morning and warfarin at bedtime.

b) Take warfarin 1 hour before or 4 hours after taking cholestyramine.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize that the client understands the teaching when he identifies which of the following as manifestations of hypoglycemia? (Select all that apply) a) polyuria c) polydipsia b) blurred vision d) tachycardia e) moist, clammy skin

b) blurred vision d) tachycardia e) moist, clammy skin

A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of hypoglycemia? a) bradycardia b) cool, clammy skin c)vomiting d) fruity odor on the client's breath

b) cool, clammy skin

A nurse is teaching a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about exercise. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a) perform vigorous exercise when blood glucose is less than 100 mg/dL b) do not exercise if ketones are present in your urine c) avoud eating for 2 hrs before exercise d) examine your feet weekly

b) do not exercise if ketones are present in your urine

Which antilipemic drug acts by blocking the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine? a) omega-3 fatty acid (Omacor) b) eztimibe (Zetia) c) gemfibrozil (Lopid) d) Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

b) eztimibe (Zetia)

To decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients, which measure is recommended by the health care professionals? a) increase intake of saturated fats b) increase HDL cholesterol levels c) increase triglyceride levels d) increase LDL cholesterol levels

b) increase HDL cholesterol levels

Lactic acidosis is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that can occur during treatment with: a) lispro (Humalog) b) metformin (Glucophage) c)aspart (NovoLog) d)pioglitazone (Actos)

b) metformin (Glucophage)

A nurse is performing a monofilament sensory assessment of a client who has diabetes mellitus. When performing this assessment, for which of the following complications is the nurse monitoring? a) nephropathy b) neuropathy c) radiculopathy d) retinopathy

b) neuropathy

The type of diabetes that is characterized by a decrease in beta cell activity, insulin resistance, or an increase in glucose production by the liver is: a) type 1 diabetes mellitus c) diabetes insipidus b) type 2 diabetes mellitus d) senile diabetes

b) type 2 diabetes mellitus

A nurse is teaching a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about foot care. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? a) "I'll wear sandals in warm weather." b) "I'll put lotion between my toes after drying my feet." c) "I'll check my feet every day for sores and bruises." d) "I'll soak my feet in cool water every night before I go to bed."

c) "I'll check my feet every day for sores and bruises."

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes mellitus about self-administration of insulin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a) "Pull back on the plunger after injecting the insulin." b) "Massage the injection site after removing the needle." c) "Store the current bottle of insulin at room temp." d) "Use each syringe up to six times."

c) "Store the current bottle of insulin at room temp."

A patient will be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus if their A1C level is: a) less than 2% b) 2.9 to 5.0% c) 5.7-6.4% d) greater than 6.5%

c) 5.7-6.4%

What percentage of Americans are not regularly physically active? a) 30% b) 40% c) 60% d) 70%

c) 60%

What supplemental vitamins may be required for patients taking bile acid-sequestering resins? a) Water soluble vitamins b) All B vitamins c) Fat soluble vitamins d) Vitamins C, B6, and B12

c) Fat soluble vitamins

A patient taking a statin reports muscle aches and soreness. What about this symptom concerns the nurse? a) The statin dose is too high if the patient is experiencing muscle pain. b) Muscle aches and soreness are signs of toxicity; the patient should stop taking the medication. c) Muscle aches and soreness may be early signs of myopathy. d) Muscle aches and soreness are due to muscle breakdown; the patient should increase protein intake.

c) Muscle aches and soreness may be early signs of myopathy.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is reserved for women who show abnormal glucose tolerance: a) after menopause b) before puberty c) during pregnancy d) due to cystic fibrosis

c) during pregnancy

What is the most favorable lipid level? a) elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) b) decreased high-denisty lipoprotein (HDL) c) elevated HDL d) elevated triglycerides

c) elevated HDL

A patient who is considered euglycemic has a blood sugar level that is: a) extremely low b) extremely high c) normal d) difficult to control

c) normal

Which administration strategy can a patient implement to reduce flushing, the most common adverse effect of niacin (bile acid-binding) therapy? a) take on an empty stomach b) take with acetaminophen c) take with meals d) take at bedtime

c) take with meals

In the central United States, what percentage pf the population is considered obese? a) 10%-14% b) 15%-19% c) 20%-24% d) 25%-29% e) greater than or equal to 30%

d) 25%-29%

A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes and a new prescription for 14 units of regular insulin and 28 units of NPH insulin subcutaneously at breakfast daily. What is the total number of units of insulin that the nurse should prepare in the insulin syringe? a) 14 units b) 28 units c) 32 units d) 42 units

d) 42 units

What percentage of our daily total caloric intake should be limited to carbohydrates? a) 25% b) 35% c) 50% d) 60%

d) 60%

The incidence of diabetes is higher in all except: a) African Americans b) Hispanics c) American Indians d) Asians

d) Asians

A patient is beginning cholestyramine (BAB Resin) therapy. The nurse instructs the patient to observe for and report bleeding gums, bruising, or dark tarry stools that can be caused by which potential effect of cholestyramine? a) Interference with platelet aggregation b) Binding of the Christmas factor c) Activation of thromboplastin d) Deficiency of vitamin K

d) Deficiency of vitamin K

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has diabetes and a new prescription for insulin glargine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide regarding this type of insulin? a) Insulin glargine has a duration of 3 to 6 hrs b) Insulin glargine has a duration of 6 to 10 hrs c) Insulin glargine has a duration of 16-24 hrs d) Insulin glargine has a duration of 18 to 24 hrs

d) Insulin glargine has a duration of 18 to 24 hrs

A nurse is planning education for a female client who is at risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following increases the risk? a) abdominal growth of 32 in b) blood glucose of 98 mg/dL c) triglyceride level of 100 mg/dL d) blood pressure of 138/98

d) blood pressure of 138/98

The nurse notes these assessment findings in a patient during routine examination: obese with an enlarged, fatty abdomen; hypertension; hyperglycemia; and hyperlipidemia. What does the nurse suspect the patient has developed? a) liver failure b) electrolyte imbalance c) kidney failure d) metabolic syndrome

d) metabolic syndrome

Which type of insulin is the only one that may be given intravenously? 1. Lispro (Humalog) 2. Regular (Humulin R) 3. Isophane insulin suspension (NPH) 4. Extended insulin zinc suspension (Humulin U Ultralente)

2. Regular (Humulin R)

A nurse teaching a patient who was prescribed niacin and includes the avoidable adverse effects of (Select all that apply.) 1. headache 2. nausea 3. diarrhea 4. flatulence 5. abdominal discomfort

2. nausea 4. flatulence 5. abdominal discomfort

The nurse is preparing the antitussive agent benzonatate (Tessalon Perles) for a patient with a dry cough and knows the action of this drug will 1. dissolve thick sticky mucus. 2. suppress the cough reflex response in the brain. 3. stimulate an increase in bronchial gland secretions. 4. reduce the release of leukotrienes.

2. suppress the cough reflex response in the brain.

The nurse is preparing to administer both a bronchodilator and a steroid by inhalation and knows that these medications should be administered first: 1. the steroid. 2. the bronchodilator. 3. it does not make a difference. 4. bronchodilators and steroids should not be taken together.

2. the bronchodilator.

Certain factors place us at risk for development of cardiovascular disease. Which one is a nonmodifiable risk factor? a) weight b) smoking c) cholesterol level d) blood pressure e) family history

e) family history

A newly diagnosed diabetic patient asks the nurse how long it takes for insulin to "kick-in." The best response by the nurse would be 1. "Depending on the type of insulin you receive, it can take as long as 2 hours and as short as 15 minutes." 2. "Insulin lasts as long as there is glucose circulating in your system." 3. "The half-life of insulin is rather short, which is why you need to take it so frequently." 4. "Insulin is only effective when it is given before a meal and only lasts as long as it takes to digest the meal."

1. "Depending on the type of insulin you receive, it can take as long as 2 hours and as short as 15 minutes."

The nurse is educating a patient who was admitted with peripheral edema and acute kidney injury. After discussing the complications of diabetes, the patient was able to correctly identify examples of macrovascular complications, which include: (Select all that apply.) 1. stroke. 2. kidney disease. 3. non-healing ulcers. 4. retinopathy. 5. myocardial infarction.

1. stroke. 5. myocardial infarction.

You should instruct a patient using phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) spray for nasal congestion to do which of the following to avoid rebounds congestion? (select all that apply) 1) limit the drug's use to 3-5 days 2) add an intranasal glucocorticoid 3) taper the dose prior to discontinuation 4) restrict the drug use to one nostril at a time 5) add a beta 2 adrenergic agonist

1) limit the drug's use to 3-5 days 2) add an intranasal glucocorticoid 3) taper the dose prior to discontinuation

The expectorant guaifenesin (Robitussin), used for relief of conditions such as the common cold and bronchitis, works by these actions: (Select all that apply.) 1. Suppressing the cough reflex response in the brain 2. Decreasing mucus viscosity 3. Stimulating an increase in bronchial secretions 4. Promoting ciliary action 5. Reducing the release of leukotrienes

2. Decreasing mucus viscosity 3. Stimulating an increase in bronchial secretions 4. Promoting ciliary action

Which patient must avoid taking alpha-adrenergic decongestants? 1. A 30 year old with gout 2. A 60 year old with renal failure 3. A 45 year old with hyperthyroidism 4. A 25 year old with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

3. A 45 year old with hyperthyroidism

A nurse in a provider's office is collecting a health history from a client who has a new prescription for glyburide to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a contraindication for taking this medication? a) "I had strep throat about one year ago." b) "I plan to continue nursing my baby until he is at least a year old." c) "I got my flu shot at the pharmacy two weeks ago." d) "I am allergic to shellfish."

a) "I had strep throat about one year ago."

A nurse is teaching a client who is taking metformin XR for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a) "Take the medication with a meal." b) "You may crush or chew the medication." c) "This medication may cause an increase in perspiration." d) "This medication may turn your urine orange."

a) "Take the medication with a meal."

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is present in ____% of the diabetic population. a) 5 to 10 b) 10-20 c) 30-40 d) 40-50

a) 5-10

The only biguanide available in the United States is: a) metformin (Glucophage) b) glyburide (Micronase) c) glipizide (Glucotrol) d) pioglitazone (Actos)

a) metformin (Glucophage)

A nurse is caring for a client with diabetes mellitus who is prescribed regular insulin via a sliding scale. After administering the correct dose at 0715, the nurse should ensure the client receives breakfast at which of the following times? a) 0720 b) 0730 c) 0745 d) 0815

c) 0745