Pharm exam 3 CV meds

A client is receiving furosemide (Lasix) to relieve edema. The nurse should monitor the client for which response to the medication? 1 Retention of sodium ions 2 Negative nitrogen balance 3 Excessive loss of potassium ions 4 Increase in the urine specific gravity

3. Excessive loss of potassium ions

Potassium supplements are prescribed for a client receiving diuretic therapy. What client statement indicates that the teaching about potassium supplements is understood? 1 "I will report any abdominal distress." 2 "I should use salt substitutes with my food." 3 "The drug must be taken on an empty stomach." 4 "The dosage is correct if my urine output increases."

1. "I will report any abdominal distress"

Which instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a client with hyperlipidemia who is being discharged with a prescription for cholestyramine (Questran)? 1 "Increase your intake of fiber and fluid." 2 "Take the medication before you go to bed." 3 "Check your pulse before taking the medication." 4 "Contact your health care provider if your skin or sclera turn yellow."

1. "Increase your intake of fiber and fluid."

A client being treated for hypertension reports having a persistent hacking cough. What class of antihypertensive should the nurse identify as a possible cause of this response when reviewing a list of this client's medications? 1 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors 2 Thiazide diuretics 3 Calcium channel blockers 4 Angiotensin receptor blockers

1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

A client is receiving hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). What should the nurse monitor to best determine the effectiveness of the client's hydrochlorothiazide therapy? 1 Blood pressure 2 Decreasing edema 3 Serum sodium level 4 Urine specific gravity

1. Blood pressure

A beta-blocker, atenolol (Tenormin), is prescribed for a client with moderate hypertension. What information should the nurse include when teaching the client about this medication? (Select all that apply.) 1 Change positions slowly 2 Take the medication before going to bed 3 Count the pulse before taking the medication 4 Mild weakness and fatigue are common side effects 5 It is safe to take concurrent over-the-counter (OTC) medications

1. Change positions slowly 3. Count the pulse before taking the med 4. Mild weakness and fatigue are common side effects

After a short hospitalization for an episode of a transient ischemic attack (TIA) related to hypertension, a client is discharged on a regimen that includes chlorothiazide (Diuril). What should the nurse instruct the client to do regarding nutrition? (Select all that apply.) 1 Eat more citrus fruits 2 Take protein supplements 3 Return to previous eating habits 4 Increase intake of dairy products 5 Increase intake of dried cooked beans

1. Eat more citrus fruits 5. Increase intake of dried cooked beans

A nurse attempts to give a client with chronic arterial insufficiency of the legs the prescribed dose of aspirin (ASA). The client refuses it, stating, "My legs are not painful." The nurse should: 1 Explain the reason for the medication and encourage the client to take it 2 Withhold the medication and tell the client to ask for it if the legs become uncomfortable 3 Withhold the medication at this time and return to check with the client again in 30 minutes 4 Request that the client take the medication and explain that it prevents the client from being uncomfortable in the next few hours

1. Explain the reason for the medication and encourage the client to take it

After being hospitalized for a transient ischemic attack (TIA) related to hypertension, a client is discharged with a prescription of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). What should the nurse instruct the client to do when taking this medication? 1 Increase the intake of potassium 2 Drink a protein supplement daily 3 Avoid eating foods high in insoluble fiber 4 Resume regular eating habits

1. Increase the intake of potassium

A nurse is caring for a client who is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of unstable angina. Sublingual nitroglycerin has been prescribed. What client response indicates that nitroglycerin is effective? 1 Pain subsides as a result of arteriole and venous dilation 2 Pulse rate increases because the cardiac output has been stimulated 3 Sublingual area tingles because sensory nerves are being triggered 4 Capacity for activity improves as a response to increased collateral circulation

1. Pain subsides as a result of arteriole and venous dilation

A nurse teaches a client about warfarin (Coumadin). Which information is essential for the nurse to include in the education plan? 1 Periodic blood testing is necessary. 2 Foods do not affect the medication. 3 Physical activities should be limited. 4 Daily doses should not be interrupted.

1. Periodic blood testing is necessary.

A client with a partial occlusion of the left common carotid artery is to be discharged while still receiving warfarin (Coumadin). Which clinical adverse effect should the nurse identify as a reason for the client to seek medical consultation? 1 Presence of blood in urine 2 Increased swelling of the ankles 3 Diminished ability to concentrate 4 Occurrence of transient ischemic attacks

1. Presence of blood in the urine

A nurse has administered sublingual nitroglycerine. Which parameter should the nurse use to determine the effectiveness of sublingual nitroglycerin? 1 Relief of anginal pain 2 Improved cardiac output 3 Decreased blood pressure 4 Dilation of superficial blood vessels

1. Relief of angina pain

The nurse provides medication teaching to a client on diuretic therapy who receives a prescription for potassium supplements. The nurse concludes that the teaching was effective when the client states, "I should: 1 Report any abdominal distress." 2 Use salt substitutes to season food." 3 Take the drug on an empty stomach." 4 Increase the dosage if I have muscle cramps."

1. Report any abdominal distress."

The nurse provides discharge medication education to a client who has been switched from a prescription for heparin to a prescription for warfarin sodium (Coumadin). The nurse concludes that the teaching was effective when the client states, "I will: 1 Take acetaminophen (Tylenol) for my occasional headaches." 2 Spend most of the day working at my desk." 3 Ask my health care provider for antibiotics before going to the dentist." 4 Make an appointment to have a complete blood count drawn."

1. Take acetaminophen (Tylenol) for my occasional headaches."

A client is receiving furosemide (Lasix) to relieve edema. The nurse should monitor the client for which responses? (Select all that apply.) 1 Weight loss 2 Negative nitrogen balance 3 Increased urine specific gravity 4 Excessive loss of potassium ions 5 Pronounced retention of sodium ions

1. Weight loss 4. Excessive loss of potassium ions

A client with hypertension has received a prescription for metoprolol (Lopressor). Which information should the nurse include when teaching this client about metoprolol? 1 Consume alcoholic beverages in moderation 2 Do not abruptly discontinue the medication 3 Increase the medication dosage if chest pain occurs 4 Report a heart rate of less than 70 beats per minute

2. Do not abruptly discontinue the medication

Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets are prescribed for a client with the diagnosis of angina. The client asks the nurse how long it should take for the chest pain to subside after nitroglycerin is taken. What should the nurse tell the client? 1 4 to 5 seconds 2 1 to 3 minutes 3 30 to 45 seconds 4 20 to 45 minutes

2. 1-3 min

Furosemide (Lasix) has been prescribed as part of the medical regimen for a client with hypertension, and the nurse has provided related teaching. The nurse concludes that the client needs additional teaching when the client states, 1 "I will take the medication first thing in the morning." 2 "I plan to eat a food high in vitamin K every day." 3 "I will contact my health care provider if I notice muscle weakness." 4 "I plan to take the medication as prescribed regardless of how I feel that day."

2. "I plan to eat a food high in vitamin K every day."

An older adult with cerebral arteriosclerosis is admitted with atrial fibrillation and is started on a continuous heparin infusion. What clinical finding enables the nurse to conclude that the anticoagulant therapy is effective? 1 A reduction of confusion 2 An activated partial thromboplastin (APTT) twice the usual value 3 An absence of ecchymotic areas 4 A decreased viscosity of the blood

2. An activated partial thromboplastin (APTT) twice the usual value

A client is admitted to the hospital and benazepril hydrochloride (Lotensin) is prescribed for hypertension. Which is an appropriate nursing action for clients taking this medication? 1 Monitor the EEG. 2 Assess for dizziness. 3 Administer the drug after meals. 4 Assess for dark, tarry stools.

2. Assess for dizziness

Metoprolol (Toprol-XL) is prescribed for a client with hypertension. For which side effect should the nurse monitor the client? 1 Hirsutism 2 Bradycardia 3 Restlessness 4 Hypertension

2. Bradycardia

What should the nurse include in a teaching plan for a client taking calcium channel blockers such as Nifedipine (Procardia)? (Select all that apply.) 1 Reduce calcium intake. 2 Change positions slowly. 3 Report peripheral edema. 4 Expect temporary hair loss. 5 Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.

2. Change positions slowly 3. Report peripheral edema 5. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice

The nurse is providing care for a client that had an endarterectomy one month ago. The nurse explains the reason that clopidogrel (Plavix) is being prescribed. The nurse concludes that the teaching is understood when the client says, "The medication will: 1 Limit inflammation around my incision." 2 Help prevent further clogging of my arteries." 3 Lower the slight fever I have had since surgery." 4 Reduce the discomfort I feel at the surgical incision."

2. Help prevent further clogging of my arteries

A client receives a prescription for nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) sublingual as needed for anginal pain. What should the nurse include in the teaching about this medication? 1 To facilitate absorption, drink a large glass of water after taking the medication Correct2 Place the tablet under the tongue or between the cheek and gum 3 It takes 30 to 45 minutes for the nitroglycerin to achieve its effect 4 If dizziness occurs, take a few deep breaths and lean the head back

2. Place the tablet under the tongue or between the cheek and gum

A nurse is preparing to teach a client to apply a nitroglycerin patch (Nitro-Dur) as prophylaxis for angina. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan? 1 Apply the patch on a distal extremity 2 Remove a previous patch before applying the next one 3 Massage the area gently after applying the patch to the skin 4 Apply a warm compress to the site before attaching the patch

2. Remove a previous patch before applying the next one

A nurse provides instruction when the beta-blocker atenolol (Tenormin) is prescribed for a client with moderate hypertension. What action identified by the client indicates to the nurse that the client needs further teaching? 1 Move slowly when changing positions. 2 Take the medication before going to bed. 3 Expect to feel drowsy when taking this drug. 4 Count the pulse before taking the medication.

2. Take the medication before going to bed.

What should the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe if a client exhibits clinical indicators of warfarin (Coumadin) overdose? 1 Heparin 2 Vitamin K 3 Iron dextran (Imferon) 4 Protamine sulfate

2. Vitamin k

The health care provider prescribes isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) 10 mg as needed three times a day and a nitroglycerin transdermal disk once a day for a client with chronic angina pectoris. The client asks the nurse why the isosorbide dinitrate is prescribed. The nurse's best response is, "The isosorbide dinitrate: 1 Prevents the blood from clotting." 2 Suppresses irritability in the ventricles." 3 Allows more oxygen to get to heart tissue." 4 Increases the force of contraction of the heart."

3. Allows more oxygen to get to heart tissue."

To prevent excessive bruising when administering subcutaneous heparin, the nurse should: 1 Administer the injection via the Z-track technique 2 Inject the drug into the vastus lateralus muscle in the thigh 3 Avoid massaging the injection site after the injection 4 Use 2 mL of sterile normal saline to dilute the heparin

3. Avoid massaging the injection site after the injection

Severe hypertension develops in a child with acute glomerulonephritis. What medication does the nurse anticipate that the practitioner will prescribe? 1 Digoxin (Lanoxin) 2 Diazepam (Valium) 3 Captopril (Capoten) 4 Phenytoin (Dilantin)

3. Captopril (Capoten)

A client with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites fails to respond to chlorothiazide (Diuril), a thiazide diuretic. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is prescribed in addition to the chlorothiazide. What should the nurse explain to the client about why spironolactone was added to the medication regimen? 1 Promotes water excretion 2 Stimulates sodium excretion 3 Helps prevent potassium loss 4 Reduces arterial blood pressure

3. Helps prevent potassium loss

Valsartan (Diovan), an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, is prescribed for a client. For which possible side effects should the nurse monitor the client? (Select all that apply.) 1 Constipation 2 Hypokalemia 3 Irregular pulse rate 4 Change in visual acuity 5 Orthostatic hypotension

3. Irregular pulse rate 5. Orthostatic hypotension

A client who had a myocardial infarction receives a prescription for a beta-blocker and a nitroglycerin patch. The nurse determines that the purpose of the nitroglycerin patch is to decrease the: 1 Pulse rate, thereby strengthening cardiac contractility 2 Cardiac output, thereby reducing the cardiac workload 3 Preload of the heart, thereby reducing the cardiac workload 4 Coronary artery lumens, thereby reducing peripheral resistance

3. Preload of the heart, thereby reducing the cardiac workload

A client who had a femoropopliteal bypass graft is receiving clopidogrel (Plavix) postoperatively. What should the nurse teach the client related to the medication? 1 Eliminate oranges from the diet 2 Eat more roughage if constipation occurs 3 Report multiple bruises on the extremities 4 Take the medication on an empty stomach

3. Report multiple bruises on the extremities

A nurse concludes that the simvastatin (Zocor) being administered to a client is effective. A decrease in what clinical finding supports this conclusion? 1 International normalized ratio (INR) 2 Heart rate 3 Triglycerides 4 Blood pressure

3. Triglycerides

The nurse provides education to a client about the side effects of furosemide (Lasix). Which client statements indicate that the teaching is understood? (Select all that apply.) 1 "I must not eat citrus fruits." 2 "I should wear dark glasses." 3 "I should avoid lying flat in bed." 4 "I should change my position slowly." 5 "I must eat a food that contains potassium every day."

4 "I should change my position slowly." 5 "I must eat a food that contains potassium every day."

A client with a history of pulmonary emboli is taking warfarin (Coumadin) daily. The nurse teaches the client about foods that are appropriate to consume when taking this medication. The nurse evaluates that the client needs further teaching when the client states: 1 "Eggs provide a good source of iron, which is needed to prevent anemia." 2 "Yellow vegetables are high in vitamin A and should be included in the diet." 3 "Milk and other high-calcium dairy products are necessary to counteract bone density loss." 4 "Dark green leafy vegetables are high in vitamin K and should be eaten to prevent clotting."

4. "Dark green leafy vegetables are high in vitamin K and should be eaten to prevent clotting."

A health care provider prescribes enoxaprarin (Lovenox) 30 mg subcutaneously daily. To ensure client safety, which measure would the nurse take when administering this medication? 1 Remove air pocket from prepackaged syringe before administration 2 Rub site after administration 3 Push over two minutes 4 Administer in the abdomen

4. Administer in the abdomen

A client asks a nurse why captopril (Capoten) was prescribed. What specific drug classification should the nurse include in the explanation to the client? 1 Diuretic 2 Sedative 3 Hypnotic 4 Antihypertensive

4. Antihypertensive

A client who is receiving a cardiac glycoside, a diuretic, and a vasodilator has been placed on bed rest. The client's apical pulse rate is 44 beats per minute. The nurse concludes that the decreased heart rate most likely is a result of the: 1 Diuretic 2 Vasodilator 3 Bed rest regimen 4 Cardiac glycoside

4. Cardiac glycoside

A nurse reinforces teaching a client about Coumadin (warfarin) and concludes that the teaching is effective when the client states, "I must not drink: 1 apple juice. 2 grape juice. 3 orange juice. 4 cranberry juice.

4. Cranberry Juice

Amlodipine (Norvasc) is prescribed for a client with hypertension. Which response to the medication should the nurse instruct the client to report to the health care provider? 1 Blurred vision 2 Dizziness on rising 3 Excessive urination 44 Difficulty breathing

4. Difficulty breathing

A nurse evaluates that a client understands the side effects of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) therapy when the client states, "I should call my health care provider if I develop: 1 Insomnia." 2 A stuffy nose." 3 An increase in thirst." 4 Generalized weakness."

4. Generalized weakness".

A client experiences angina and is admitted to the telemetry unit for observation. Sublingual nitroglycerin tablets are prescribed to control periodic episodes of chest pain. Which instruction should the nurse include when teaching the client about the correct use of sublingual nitroglycerine? 1 Plan to take the tablet between meals. 2 Take the tablet with a full glass of juice. 3 Dissolve the tablet in water before swallowing it. 4 Hold the tablet under the tongue until it is dissolved.

4. Hold the tablet under the younger until it is dissolved.

The health care provider prescribes atenolol (Tenormin) for a client with angina. When instructing the client about this medication, the nurse teaches the client about the potential side effect of: 1 Headache 2 Tachycardia 3 Constipation 4 Hypotension

4. Hypotension

A health care provider prescribes simvastatin (Zocor) 20 mg daily for elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels for a female client. Which is most important for the nurse to teach when the client initially takes the medication? 1 Take the medication with breakfast. 2 Have liver function tests every six months. 3 Wear sunscreen to prevent photosensitivity reactions. 4 Inform the health care provider if the client wishes to become pregnant.

4. Inform the health care provider if the client wishes to become pregnant.

A health care provider prescribes furosemide (Lasix) for a client with hypervolemia. The nurse recalls that furosemide exerts its effects in what part of the renal system? 1 Distal tubule 2 Collecting duct 3 Glomerulus of the nephron 4 Loop of Henle

4. Loop of Henle

Enoxaparin (Lovenox) 40 mg subcutaneously daily is prescribed for a client who had abdominal surgery. The nurse explains that the medication is given to: 1 Control expected postoperative fever 2 Provide a constant source of mild analgesia 3 Limit the inflammatory response associated with surgery 4. Provide prophylaxis against postoperative thrombus formation

4. Provide prophylaxis against postoperative thrombus formation

Sublingual nitroglycerin is prescribed for a client with a history of a myocardial infarction and atrial tachycardia. The nurse instructs the client about the prophylactic use of these tablets. The statement by the client that indicates the teaching was effective is, "I should: 1 Take the medicine three times a day." 2 Avoid activities that are too strenuous." 3 Be sure to take my pulse after I have exercised." 4 Take one tablet before attempting to climb two flights of stairs."

4. Take one tablet before attempting to climb two flights of stairs".