Materials 2.2

Characteristics of Ceramic Materials

- Consists of Metal and Nonmetal elements - Thermal and Electrical Insulators - High strength at high temps - Brittle

Characteristics of Composite Materials

- More than one material - Designed to obtain desirable properties from each individual material

Characteristics of Organic Materials

- Once living organisms - Mostly carbon and hydrogen - Genetically alterable - Renewable - Sustainable

Characteristics of Metallic Materials

- Pure metal elements - Metal element compounds (alloys) - Thermal and Electrical Conductors - Strength and Plasticity

Characteristics of Polymeric Materials, Polymeric Subgroups

-Mostly organic elements - Low Density - Flexibility and Elasticity Subgroups: Plastics, Elastomers

5 Material Classification Categories

1. Metallic Materials 2. Ceramic Materials 3. Organic Materials 4. Polymeric Materials 5. Composite Materials

According to the American Recycling Coalition, Americans throw away enough office paper each year to build a _________ high wall of paper from New York to Seattle.

12 foot

Approximately how long does it take for a tin can to degrade?

80-100 years

In plastic extrusion, the raw material is heated in the feed barrel as it passes through

A rotating screw

The concept of "lean manufacturing" means (select all that apply)

All employees are inspectors, 100% of good units flow from process to process, Quality control is integrated within the process

An engineer designs a bracket that has to endure multiple heavy loads being added and removed from it. The bracket must be durable and lightweight, which of the following materials best suits this intent?

Aluminum

Which of the following is NOT a common material classification category?

Aluminum

What are polymers?

Any of numerous natural and synthetic compounds of usually high molecular weight consisting of up to millions of repeated link units, each a relatively light and simple molecule

A good example of a recyclable composite material would be a(n)

Automobile Tire

Physical Properties of Elements

Boiling Point, Melting Point, Density, Color, Hardness, Texture

Project Shop

Cannot be easily moved, ex. bridges, ships, airplanes

Submit Answer A fabricator is building a product and will have to create a mold for use in a foundry. Which process would best suit this product to be made?

Casting

The manufacturing process that converts raw material in one step into a desirable shape is known as

Casting

Which material listed below is used to make resistors, thermistors, and rectifiers?

Ceramic

Bricks would be an example of recyclable

Ceramics

Applications of Ceramic Materials

Clay: shaped, dried, fired inorganic material (brick, tile) Refractory: Provides acceptable mechanical or chemical properties while at high temps (space shuttle) Resistors: Create desired voltage Rectifiers: Allows current flow in one direction

Solid material which is composed of two or more substances having different physical characteristics and in which each substance retains its identity while contributing desirable properties to the whole; especially, a structural material made of plastic within which a fibrous material is embedded is known as a:

Composite

What is created when 2 or more elements combined?

Compounds

Casting Process

Creates mold, material heated to specific temp, molten material poured into mold, material solidifies, casting or mold is removed, casting is cleaned and finished

What is a materials engineer primary focus?

Develop new materials to be used in a variety of processes

Which of the following are distinguishing characteristics of nonmetals?

Dull, Brittle, Insulator

Electrical Conductivity, Thermoelectric

EC: Insulators, Semiconductors, Semimetals, Conductors Thermoelectric: Electrical stimuli provoke electrical responses

Which of the following is NOT a common material classification?

Eclectic

Elastomers vs Vulcanization

Elastomer: natural or synthetic, can be stretched 200% of length and return to original length Vulcanization: chemcial process used to form bond between adjacent polymers for a tough, strong, hard rubber

The manufacturing process were material is compressed and forced through a die to produce uniform cross section is known as

Extrusion

A bottling company fills and caps large quantities of bottles on an assembly line. Which kind of shop would be used for this process?

Flow Shop

Characteristics of Metal Elements

Good conductors of heat and electricity, Hard, Shiny, Reflect Light, Malleable, Ductile, 1-3 valence electrons

Which of the following would NOT be considered a recycled organic

Granite Counter Tops

Recycled ORganics

Grass clippings, Bush and tree trimmings, Yard vegetation, Food scraps, wood, paper

Which of the following is a physical property?

Hardness, Stiffness, Ductility, Strength

Characteristics of Metalloids

Has both metallic and nonmetallic properties

The most widely used high-volume production process is

Injection Molding

A material must be selected for tools used around electrical equipment. Which reason for selecting fiberglass instead of aluminum would best fit this use?

It is an electrical insulator

Flow Shop

Large Quantities, Production Line, Special purpose machines

Layer, Particulate, Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Layer: alternate layers of materials bonded together Particulate: Discrete particles of a material surrounded by another material Reinforced: Continous or discontinuous materials embedded in a matrix of another material

Linked Cell Shop

Lean production system, One piece flow system, subassembly cells connected to final assembly

Which of the following is NOT a recycling material category?

Luminescents

In the product creation cycle, the biggest percentage of cost is in

Manufacturing

Manufacturing, Industrial, Material Engineer

Manufacturing : select and coordinate specific processes and equipment Industrial: Responsible for Manufacturing system design Material: Develop and select materials based on desired properties and processes

Extrusion

Material is forced and compressed through a die to produce a uniformed cross section

Screws, bolts, nails, rivets, and cotter pins asre examples of

Mechanical Fastening

Which material element has the characteristics of being a good conductor of heat and electricity, as well as being hard, shiny, malleable, and ductile?

Metal

Elements of materials are classified into which three categories?

Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids

Three categories of elements

Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids

The manufacturing process that produces flat or curved surfaces by progressively removing material is known as

Milling

What is a non-chemical combination of two or more substance? What happens to identity of elements?

Mixture; Elements retain identity

Characteristics of Nonmetal Elements

Most are gases at room temp. Dull, Brittle, Powdery, Poor conductors of heat and electricity

How can compounds be broken down?

ONLY through chemical processes, not physical processes

Recycled Polymers

PET (poly

Recycled Polymers

PET (polyehtylene terephthatate), HDPE (high density polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), LDPE (low density polyethylene), PP(polypropene), PS (polystyrene)

Category 6 of recyclable polymers refers to

PS (polystyrene)

Category 3 of recyclable polymers refers to

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)

Which of the following items represents the largest component in landfills today?

Paper

The two main subgroups of polymerics are

Plastics and Elastomers

Engineers are examining possibility of using a synthetic elastomer for a gasket seal. What material category is elastic considered to be in?

Polymers

The process where a single part is made directly from a software application (such as a CADD drawing) is known as

Rapid Prototyping

When devices are directly created from software applications

Rapid Prototyping

Chemical Properties of Elements

Reactivity to Acid, Flammability, Oxygen

Rolling and Forging

Rolling: material passes thru series of rollers, reducing its thickness Forging: material shaped by controlled force (by blacksmith)

Rotational Molding, Blow Molding

Rotational: heated, rotated, and cooled to create hollow object with uniform thickness Blow: Tube placed between mold halves and heated, tube is expanded

A hardness test on an object could be performed using a

Scratch the object with a nail

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of a metalloid?

Shows properties of metals and nonmetals

Job Shop

Small quantities, Large variety, Products move through various shops to the machines, General-purpose machines

Recycled Metals

Steel, brass, copper, aluminum, iron

Thermal Capacity, Conductivity, Expansion

Thermal Capacity: heat storage capacity of material Thermal Conductivity: capacity of material to transport heat Thermal Expansion: how a material expands or contracts in the temp is raised or lowered

Thermoforming, Reaction Molding

Thermo - Sheets of plastic heated over mold, vacuum applies Reaction: Liquid Reactants mixed and pressurized into mold

Polymeric Plastics - Thermoplastic and Thermosetting

Thermoplastic: Formed into desired shape thru heat and pressure and being cooled - may be heated and remolded Thermosetting: Formed into desired shape thru heat and pressure and being cooled - may NOT be heated and remolded

What is manufacturing?

To make a product suitable for use; to make from raw materials by hand or by machinery; to produce according to an organized plan and with division of labor

Which of the following is a chemical property?

Toxicity, Flammability

A fabricator is making 100 widgets that result in a cylindrical object, which subtractive processes are most likely used to produce these parts?

Turning and Drilling

Turning and Milling Processes

Turning: Lathes and turning centers (straight, taper, facing) Milling: create flat or curved surfaces by progressively removing material

Which of the following characteristics defines an organic material?

Were once living organisms, Consists of mostly carbon and hydrogen, Paper Products