Materials 2.2
Characteristics of Ceramic Materials
- Consists of Metal and Nonmetal elements - Thermal and Electrical Insulators - High strength at high temps - Brittle
Characteristics of Composite Materials
- More than one material - Designed to obtain desirable properties from each individual material
Characteristics of Organic Materials
- Once living organisms - Mostly carbon and hydrogen - Genetically alterable - Renewable - Sustainable
Characteristics of Metallic Materials
- Pure metal elements - Metal element compounds (alloys) - Thermal and Electrical Conductors - Strength and Plasticity
Characteristics of Polymeric Materials, Polymeric Subgroups
-Mostly organic elements - Low Density - Flexibility and Elasticity Subgroups: Plastics, Elastomers
5 Material Classification Categories
1. Metallic Materials 2. Ceramic Materials 3. Organic Materials 4. Polymeric Materials 5. Composite Materials
According to the American Recycling Coalition, Americans throw away enough office paper each year to build a _________ high wall of paper from New York to Seattle.
12 foot
Approximately how long does it take for a tin can to degrade?
80-100 years
In plastic extrusion, the raw material is heated in the feed barrel as it passes through
A rotating screw
The concept of "lean manufacturing" means (select all that apply)
All employees are inspectors, 100% of good units flow from process to process, Quality control is integrated within the process
An engineer designs a bracket that has to endure multiple heavy loads being added and removed from it. The bracket must be durable and lightweight, which of the following materials best suits this intent?
Aluminum
Which of the following is NOT a common material classification category?
Aluminum
What are polymers?
Any of numerous natural and synthetic compounds of usually high molecular weight consisting of up to millions of repeated link units, each a relatively light and simple molecule
A good example of a recyclable composite material would be a(n)
Automobile Tire
Physical Properties of Elements
Boiling Point, Melting Point, Density, Color, Hardness, Texture
Project Shop
Cannot be easily moved, ex. bridges, ships, airplanes
Submit Answer A fabricator is building a product and will have to create a mold for use in a foundry. Which process would best suit this product to be made?
Casting
The manufacturing process that converts raw material in one step into a desirable shape is known as
Casting
Which material listed below is used to make resistors, thermistors, and rectifiers?
Ceramic
Bricks would be an example of recyclable
Ceramics
Applications of Ceramic Materials
Clay: shaped, dried, fired inorganic material (brick, tile) Refractory: Provides acceptable mechanical or chemical properties while at high temps (space shuttle) Resistors: Create desired voltage Rectifiers: Allows current flow in one direction
Solid material which is composed of two or more substances having different physical characteristics and in which each substance retains its identity while contributing desirable properties to the whole; especially, a structural material made of plastic within which a fibrous material is embedded is known as a:
Composite
What is created when 2 or more elements combined?
Compounds
Casting Process
Creates mold, material heated to specific temp, molten material poured into mold, material solidifies, casting or mold is removed, casting is cleaned and finished
What is a materials engineer primary focus?
Develop new materials to be used in a variety of processes
Which of the following are distinguishing characteristics of nonmetals?
Dull, Brittle, Insulator
Electrical Conductivity, Thermoelectric
EC: Insulators, Semiconductors, Semimetals, Conductors Thermoelectric: Electrical stimuli provoke electrical responses
Which of the following is NOT a common material classification?
Eclectic
Elastomers vs Vulcanization
Elastomer: natural or synthetic, can be stretched 200% of length and return to original length Vulcanization: chemcial process used to form bond between adjacent polymers for a tough, strong, hard rubber
The manufacturing process were material is compressed and forced through a die to produce uniform cross section is known as
Extrusion
A bottling company fills and caps large quantities of bottles on an assembly line. Which kind of shop would be used for this process?
Flow Shop
Characteristics of Metal Elements
Good conductors of heat and electricity, Hard, Shiny, Reflect Light, Malleable, Ductile, 1-3 valence electrons
Which of the following would NOT be considered a recycled organic
Granite Counter Tops
Recycled ORganics
Grass clippings, Bush and tree trimmings, Yard vegetation, Food scraps, wood, paper
Which of the following is a physical property?
Hardness, Stiffness, Ductility, Strength
Characteristics of Metalloids
Has both metallic and nonmetallic properties
The most widely used high-volume production process is
Injection Molding
A material must be selected for tools used around electrical equipment. Which reason for selecting fiberglass instead of aluminum would best fit this use?
It is an electrical insulator
Flow Shop
Large Quantities, Production Line, Special purpose machines
Layer, Particulate, Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Layer: alternate layers of materials bonded together Particulate: Discrete particles of a material surrounded by another material Reinforced: Continous or discontinuous materials embedded in a matrix of another material
Linked Cell Shop
Lean production system, One piece flow system, subassembly cells connected to final assembly
Which of the following is NOT a recycling material category?
Luminescents
In the product creation cycle, the biggest percentage of cost is in
Manufacturing
Manufacturing, Industrial, Material Engineer
Manufacturing : select and coordinate specific processes and equipment Industrial: Responsible for Manufacturing system design Material: Develop and select materials based on desired properties and processes
Extrusion
Material is forced and compressed through a die to produce a uniformed cross section
Screws, bolts, nails, rivets, and cotter pins asre examples of
Mechanical Fastening
Which material element has the characteristics of being a good conductor of heat and electricity, as well as being hard, shiny, malleable, and ductile?
Metal
Elements of materials are classified into which three categories?
Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids
Three categories of elements
Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids
The manufacturing process that produces flat or curved surfaces by progressively removing material is known as
Milling
What is a non-chemical combination of two or more substance? What happens to identity of elements?
Mixture; Elements retain identity
Characteristics of Nonmetal Elements
Most are gases at room temp. Dull, Brittle, Powdery, Poor conductors of heat and electricity
How can compounds be broken down?
ONLY through chemical processes, not physical processes
Recycled Polymers
PET (poly
Recycled Polymers
PET (polyehtylene terephthatate), HDPE (high density polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), LDPE (low density polyethylene), PP(polypropene), PS (polystyrene)
Category 6 of recyclable polymers refers to
PS (polystyrene)
Category 3 of recyclable polymers refers to
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
Which of the following items represents the largest component in landfills today?
Paper
The two main subgroups of polymerics are
Plastics and Elastomers
Engineers are examining possibility of using a synthetic elastomer for a gasket seal. What material category is elastic considered to be in?
Polymers
The process where a single part is made directly from a software application (such as a CADD drawing) is known as
Rapid Prototyping
When devices are directly created from software applications
Rapid Prototyping
Chemical Properties of Elements
Reactivity to Acid, Flammability, Oxygen
Rolling and Forging
Rolling: material passes thru series of rollers, reducing its thickness Forging: material shaped by controlled force (by blacksmith)
Rotational Molding, Blow Molding
Rotational: heated, rotated, and cooled to create hollow object with uniform thickness Blow: Tube placed between mold halves and heated, tube is expanded
A hardness test on an object could be performed using a
Scratch the object with a nail
Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of a metalloid?
Shows properties of metals and nonmetals
Job Shop
Small quantities, Large variety, Products move through various shops to the machines, General-purpose machines
Recycled Metals
Steel, brass, copper, aluminum, iron
Thermal Capacity, Conductivity, Expansion
Thermal Capacity: heat storage capacity of material Thermal Conductivity: capacity of material to transport heat Thermal Expansion: how a material expands or contracts in the temp is raised or lowered
Thermoforming, Reaction Molding
Thermo - Sheets of plastic heated over mold, vacuum applies Reaction: Liquid Reactants mixed and pressurized into mold
Polymeric Plastics - Thermoplastic and Thermosetting
Thermoplastic: Formed into desired shape thru heat and pressure and being cooled - may be heated and remolded Thermosetting: Formed into desired shape thru heat and pressure and being cooled - may NOT be heated and remolded
What is manufacturing?
To make a product suitable for use; to make from raw materials by hand or by machinery; to produce according to an organized plan and with division of labor
Which of the following is a chemical property?
Toxicity, Flammability
A fabricator is making 100 widgets that result in a cylindrical object, which subtractive processes are most likely used to produce these parts?
Turning and Drilling
Turning and Milling Processes
Turning: Lathes and turning centers (straight, taper, facing) Milling: create flat or curved surfaces by progressively removing material
Which of the following characteristics defines an organic material?
Were once living organisms, Consists of mostly carbon and hydrogen, Paper Products
