Pharmacology chapter 51 Bowel Disorder Drugs

Which instruction would the nurse give to the patient taking methylcellulose? 1 "Take before meals." 2 "Take only every other day." 3 "Mix in one glass of water and stir thoroughly." 4 "Chew the drug thoroughly and then swallow with water."

3

Which medication is contraindicated in the patient with pseudomembranous colitis and diarrhea? 1 Senna 2 Lubiprostone 3 Loperamide 4 Cholestyramine with glipizide

3

Which patient would be cautioned not to take magnesium citrate? 1 One with constipation 2 One who is over 50 years old 3 One with renal insufficiency 4 One who is constipated more than once a month

3

A patient who has diarrhea reports pain due to rectal spasms. Which type of antidiarrheal would relieve the pain in the patient? 1 Opiates 2 Probiotics 3 Adsorbents 4 Anticholinergics

1

Which antidiarrheal drug causes potential side effects of dry mouth, tachycardia, abdominal pain, and blurred vision? 1 Diphenoxylate with atropine 2 Cholestyramine with glipizide 3 Oral anticoagulant warfarin with adsorbents 4 Anticholinergics with opiates such as loperamide

1

Which drug used to treat constipation acts by stimulation of nerves? 1 Senna 2 Psyllium 3 Docusate salts (sodium) 4 Polyethylene glycol

1

Which function of lactulose is in addition to its use as a hyperosmotic laxative? 1 Reducing ammonia levels 2 Decreasing peripheral edema 3 Correcting sodium imbalances 4 Alleviating galactose intolerance

1

Which point would the nurse teach parents about the use of bismuth subsalicylate? 1 It has an aspirin base. 2 It cannot be given orally. 3 It cannot be given to teenagers. 4 It is a prescription drug.

1

The nurse teaches a patient who has chronic constipation and is on a long-term laxative regimen. Which statements indicate that the patient understands the teaching? Select all that apply. 1 "I should increase my daily fluid intake." 2 "I should look to have regular bowel movements." 3 "My urine output may decrease while on this medication." 4 "I need to take medication to prevent nausea with this drug." 5 "My urine color may change to red while on this medication.

12

The nurse teaches a patient who has chronic constipation and is on a long-term laxative regimen. Which statements indicate that the patient understands the teaching? Select all that apply. 1 "I should increase my daily fluid intake." 2 "I should look to have regular bowel movements." 3 "My urine output may decrease while on this medication." 4 "I need to take medication to prevent nausea with this drug." 5 "My urine color may change to red while on this medication."

12

The nurse is educating a patient who has diarrhea about management of this condition. Which statements by the patient indicate effective learning? Select all that apply. 1 "I should avoid caffeine." 2 "I should adhere to the complete medical regimen." 3 "I should avoid consumption of alcohol while I have diarrhea." 4 "I should eat small meals six times a day to manage diarrhea." 5 "I should decrease my daily fluid intake while on antidiarrheal drugs."

123

When diarrhea occurs in the pediatric patient, the nurse will advise the parents to seek emergency medical treatment for the patient if which symptoms occur? Select all that apply. 1 Bloody diarrhea 2 Malaise or lethargy 3 Severe abdominal pain 4 Firm or rigid abdomen 5 Urination every 3 to 4 hours

1234

Which instruction would the nurse give the patient to take docusate? 1 Before meals 2 After meals 3 With 6 oz of water 4 On an empty stomach

3

The nurse is teaching the patient about bismuth subsalicylate. Which instruction is appropriate? Select all that apply. 1 "Your tongue may turn blue." 2 "Observe your stools for a change in color." 3 "This medication may cause urinary retention." 4 "If you feel dizzy, this is a potential side effect." 5 "Call the health care provider if you have ringing in the ears."

125

Which information is important to teach a patient who has irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and has been prescribed alosetron? Select all that apply. 1 "Avoid irritating foods." 2 "Stool softeners should be used daily." 3 "Don't take over-the-counter laxatives." 4 "There are no medications for irritable bowel syndrome." 5 "Daily laxatives are the best treatment for IBS with constipation."

13

Which conditions are contraindications for belladonna alkaloids? Select all that apply. 1 Paralytic ileus 2 Chronic diarrhea 3 Myasthenia gravis 4 Vitamin K deficiency 5 Narrow-angle glaucoma

135

The primary health care provider has prescribed a hyperosmotic laxative for a patient who has constipation. Which questions will the nurse ask the patient before administering the medication to help ensure drug safety? Select all that apply. 1 "Do you have nausea?" 2 "Do you have hypertension?" 3 "Do you have hypotension?" 4 "Do you have abdominal pain?" 5 "Have you lost weight recently?"

145

Loperamide has which mechanism of action? 1 Improves the intestinal barrier function 2 Inhibits peristalsis in the intestinal wall 3 Inhibits the growth of intestinal microflora 4 Suppresses the growth of pathogenic bacteria

2

The nurse is assessing a geriatric patient who takes antacids. The patient says to the nurse, "When I am constipated, I take senna, but I do not get immediate relief. Is it safe to take it?" Which response is appropriate? 1 "Senna takes effect 1 hour after administration." 2 "Take senna 1 hour before taking other medications." 3 "Discontinue taking senna; it is not safe to take with antacids." 4 "Senna is not effective to relieve constipation in elderly patients."

2

Which category of laxatives decreases the absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K? 1 Saline laxatives 2 Emollient laxatives 3 Stimulant laxatives 4 Hyperosmotic laxatives

2

Which is the route of administration of glycerin, a hyperosmotic laxative? 1 Oral 2 Rectal 3 Intravenous 4 Intramuscular

2

Which instruction is important to teach the patient who is starting prolonged antibiotic therapy? 1 "Do not eat grapefruit while on antibiotics." 2 "Increase your intake of gluten during antibiotic therapy." 3 "Due to the potential for diarrhea, take probiotics during antibiotic therapy." 4 "Antibiotic therapy often causes constipation; you should increase fluid intake."

3

A pediatric patient with a weight of 20 kg is prescribed diphenoxylate with atropine for diarrhea. The dosage is 0.3 mg/kg/day in four divided doses. Which dose would the nurse will administer first? Record your answer to one decimal place. _____ mg

20 kg × 0.3 mg/kg = 6 mg ÷ 4 doses = 1.5 mg per dose

Which symptom is a contraindication for milk of magnesia? Select all that apply. 1 Flatulence 2 Rectal bleeding 3 Abdominal pain 4 Nausea and vomiting 5 Recent weight loss

234

Which actions will the nurse take during the insertion of a rectal suppository? Select all that apply. 1 Insert the suppository as far as possible into the rectum. 2 Wear gloves or a finger cot while inserting the suppository. 3 Place the patient on the left side while inserting the suppository. 4 Place the patient in a supine position for 30 minutes after insertion. 5 Lubricate the suppository with water-soluble gel before insertion.

235

Which information is essential for the nurse to teach the patient about bismuth subsalicylate? Select all that apply. 1 "This medication should not be taken with water." 2 "You should not take aspirin while taking this medication." 3 "You should properly chew the tablet before swallowing it." 4 "You should avoid eating yogurt while taking this medication." 5 "This medication changes the color of your stool to black or grey"

235

Which information is essential for the nurse to teach the patient about bismuth subsalicylate? Select all that apply. 1 "This medication should not be taken with water." 2 "You should not take aspirin while taking this medication." 3 "You should properly chew the tablet before swallowing it." 4 "You should avoid eating yogurt while taking this medication." 5 "This medication changes the color of your stool to black or grey."

235

Which statements indicate effective learning about bisacodyl therapy? Select all that apply. 1 "I should take the tablets along with antacids." 2 "I should take the tablets on an empty stomach." 3 "I should take the tablets within 1 hour of drinking milk." 4 "I should not drink juice within 1 hour of taking the tablets." 5 "I should take the tablets without crushing them into powder."

245

A patient who has hyperlipidemia reports mild diarrhea. Which drugs will the nurse expect to find in the prescription that can reduce both risk factors for the patient? 1 Diphenoxylate and hyoscyamine 2 Opium tincture and loperamide 3 Colestipol and cholestyramine 4 Bismuth subsalicylate and aluminum hydroxide

3

A patient with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) receiving alosetron develops constipation. Which nursing intervention is appropriate? 1 Increase fluid intake. 2 Change the route of administration. 3 Stop the medication immediately. 4 Decrease the frequency of administration.

3

Diphenoxylate has which mechanism of action? 1 Increases intestinal motility 2 Increases intestinal excretion of water 3 Decreases peristalsis in the intestine 4 Decreases the reabsorption of water in the bowel

3

Which antidiarrheal drug is contraindicated in a child who is recovering from chickenpox? 1 Diphenoxylate 2 Hyoscyamine 3 Bismuth subsalicylate 4 Lactobacillus acidophilus

3

Which drug is utilized for patients with diarrhea? 1 Senna 2 Bisacodyl 3 Loperamide 4 Docusate sodium

3

Which information does the nurse include when teaching a patient about polyethylene glycol before a colonoscopy? 1 "Avoid driving for at least 2 hours after ingesting the solution." 2 "You should eat a light meal within 1 hour after finishing the solution." 3 "Plan to be near a bathroom for several hours after drinking the solution." 4 "You must finish drinking the solution exactly 1 hour before your scheduled procedure."

3

Which information is essential for the nurse to teach the patient about treatment with alosetron? 1 This medication should work immediately. 2 This medication should cure your condition. 3 Report severe constipation to the health care provider. 4 If this medication does not work, there is nothing else we can try.

3

Which symptoms characterize irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? Select all that apply. 1 Nausea 2 Angina 3 Cramps 4 Diarrhea 5 Constipation 6 Increased bleeding time

345

A patient taking bismuth subsalicylate states, "My stools are black! Which should I do?" Which action would the nurse take? 1 Stop the medication. 2 Administer diphenhydramine. 3 Call the health care provider immediately. 4 Reassure the patient that this is an expected side effect of the medication.

4

The nurse is assessing a patient who was receiving alosetron for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). After 4 weeks, the patient does not see any results. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to take? 1 Assess bowel sounds. 2 Ask the patient about her diet. 3 Assess the patient's fluid intake. 4 Tell the patient to stop the drug and notify the health care provider.

4

Which category of antidiarrheal medications decreases peristalsis? 1 Opiates 2 Probiotics 3 Adsorbents 4 Anticholinergics

4

Which category of antidiarrheals is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity and narrow-angle glaucoma? 1 Opiates 2 Probiotics 3 Adsorbents 4 Belladonna alkaloids

4

Which category of laxatives is contraindicated in elderly patients? 1 Emollient laxatives 2 Stimulant laxatives 3 Bulk-forming laxatives 4 Hyperosmotic laxatives

4

Which condition is a contraindication for loperamide treatment?? 1 Nausea 2 Infection requiring antibiotic therapy 3 Diarrhea lasting 2 days 4 Escherichia coli-associated diarrhea

4

Which condition predisposes an individual to develop diarrhea? 1 Hyperlipidemia 2 Diabetes mellitus 3 Hypothyroidism 4 Bacterial infection

4

Which information is essential for the nurse to teach the patient about alosetron? 1 "Try this drug for 6 weeks to see if it works." 2 "There are no side effects to this medication." 3 "If there is no response within 4 days, stop the drug." 4 "Notify your health care provider immediately if you have abdominal pain."

4

Which information is essential for the nurse to teach the patient who is taking cholestyramine along with multiple other medications? 1 "Take the cholestyramine only in the morning." 2 "Take cholestyramine with your biggest meal of the day." 3 "Take cholestyramine on the same schedule with other medications." 4 "Take your other medications 2 hours before or after cholestyramine.

4

Which information is essential for the nurse to teach the patient who is taking cholestyramine along with multiple other medications? 1 "Take the cholestyramine only in the morning." 2 "Take cholestyramine with your biggest meal of the day." 3 "Take cholestyramine on the same schedule with other medications." 4 "Take your other medications 2 hours before or after cholestyramine."

4

Which information is essential for the nurse to teach the patient who is taking methylcellulose? 1 "Take the medication with a meal." 2 "Take the medication without water." 3 "Wait 20 minutes after mixing the medication to drink it." 4 "Take the medication with liberal amounts of water, immediately after thoroughly stirring."

4

Which laxative is most suitable for long-term use? 1 Saline laxatives 2 Emollient laxatives 3 Hyperosmotic laxatives 4 Bulk-forming laxatives

4

Which point would the nurse teach the patient about lactulose? 1 It is only given rectally. 2 It is used as an antidiarrheal. 3 It should not be taken with lactose. 4 It decreases blood ammonia levels.

4

To avoid fecal impaction, psyllium should be administered with at least how many ounces of fluid? 1 4 2 6 3 8 4 10

8 oz