Pharmacology Exam 1

The actions of epinephrine (EPI) include

Bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, relaxation of uterus, increased heart rate

In order for drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier, they must be

Lipid soluble

Parasympathetic receptors located on the membranes of the internal organs are classified as

Muscarinic

A medication that does not require a physician's service to obtain is referred to as

Non prescription

The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion is known as

Pharmacokinetics

Which factor of individual variation is dependent upon the patient's attitude toward treatment?

Placebo effect

Relates to the amount of drug administered to produce a therapeutic effect

Posology

Physostigmine (Eserine) is classified as a(n)

Reversible acetylcholinest erase inhibitor

Metoprolol is classified as a(n)

Selective beta-1 blocker

Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants?

decreased respiration

Which of the following are actions of nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking drugs?

decreasing heart rate, decreasing force of myocardial contraction, vasoconstriction of skeletal muscle blood vessels, lowering blood pressure

Prolonged receptor stimulation during chronic drug therapy may induce cells to endocytose and sequester drug receptors in endocytic vesicles. This molecular mechanism is called

downregulation

The time a drug continues to produce its effect is its

duration of action

During tolerance to opioid analgesics, the following is happening.

fewer receptors are available to produce a response

The mechanism of action of methyldopa is

formation of a false transmitter in adrenergic nerve ending

Select the pharmacologic effect produced by cholinergic drugs

increased gastrointestinal motility

Opioid analgesics are used in which of the following settings?

induction of Monitored Anesthesia Care and treatment of chronic severe pain

Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants

inhibit or reduce activity within the spinal cord (intraneuronal), interrupting the central stimulus to muscle contraction

First-pass metabolism refers to the metabolism of drugs in the

liver

Sharp pain is transmitted through which type of nerve fibers?

myelinated A-delta

The antidote for atropine poisoning is

neostigmine

The time from drug administration to be first observable drug effect is known as the

onset of action

The rate of drug absorption would be increased by

Lipid solubility

Anticholinergic effects include

bronchodilator, increased heart rate, decreased respiration secretions, dry mouth

Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic that

can be used for relief of cancer pain

Adverse effects of opioid analgesics

constipation

The proprietary drug name supplied by a pharmaceutical company is also referred to as

trade name (brand name)

Which FDA pregnancy category would appear to be the safest for a developing fetus?

A

Which of the following is a way in which skeletal muscles are relaxed?

A. blockage of conduction in the spinal cord B. inhibiting nerve transmission C. blockage of the Nm receptors D. decreasing ACH in the neuromuscular junction

Drug X has a half life of 6 hours. How much drug is life in the body 18 hours after an IV infection of 1200 milligrams (mg)?

B

Direct-acting cholinergic drugs

Cholinergic drugs that bind to cholinergic receptors and activate them

The medical situation when a particular drug should not be administered is referred to as

Contraindication

A drug that has the potential for abuse and is regulated by the Drug Enforcement Agency is classified as

Controlled substance

Select the drug or condition(s) that decrease the effects of neuromuscular blockers.

Corticosteroids

When a drug increases the rate of drug metabolism of other drugs, the process is termed

Enzyme induction

The drug of choice to treat acute allergic reactions is

Epinephrine

An unusual or unexpected drug reaction by an individual is known as

Idiosyncrasy

Could be categorized as an adverse reaction

Idiosyncrasy, drug allergy, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity

The drug administration route demonstrating the slowest onset of action is

Transdermal

The pharmacologic effect of IV metaraminol (an alpha-1 drug) is

Vasoconstriction

The main pharmacologic effect of norepinephrine on alpha-1 receptor is

Vasoconstrictor

Drugs that have demonstrated teratogenic effects in women are classified as Pregnancy Category

X

Which of the following drugs has a recognized medical therapy and does not interact with opioid receptors?

acetaminophen

Epinephrine stimulates

alpha and beta receptors

At therapeutic doses, albuterol, stimulates

beta-2 receptors

Succinylcholine is associated with which of the following actions?

peripheral neuromuscular receptor blockade after stimulating the Nm receptors

Opioid drugs are derived from which of the following?

poppy, opium, chemical synthesis, alkaloids

Select reasons for using muscle relaxants during surgical or diagnostic procedures.

reduce muscle tear

Oxycodone in therapeutic doses can stimulate receptors to cause

relaxation of the skeletal muscles controlling posture

Symptoms of cholinergic drug overdosage include

slow pulse rate, increased urination, diarrhea, sweating

Skeletal muscle relaxants may alter control of respiration because

the diaphragm is a skeletal muscle

Which of the following is correct about the nicotinic-muscle (Nm) receptor blocking drugs?

there are two groups in this class: either depolarizing agents or nondepolarizing agents

All opioid analgesics are associated with which of the following?

tolerance develops to the analgesic response

Which of the following would be a preferred treatment for overactive bladder?

tolterodine