Pharmacology Exam 1
The actions of epinephrine (EPI) include
Bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, relaxation of uterus, increased heart rate
In order for drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier, they must be
Lipid soluble
Parasympathetic receptors located on the membranes of the internal organs are classified as
Muscarinic
A medication that does not require a physician's service to obtain is referred to as
Non prescription
The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion is known as
Pharmacokinetics
Which factor of individual variation is dependent upon the patient's attitude toward treatment?
Placebo effect
Relates to the amount of drug administered to produce a therapeutic effect
Posology
Physostigmine (Eserine) is classified as a(n)
Reversible acetylcholinest erase inhibitor
Metoprolol is classified as a(n)
Selective beta-1 blocker
Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants?
decreased respiration
Which of the following are actions of nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking drugs?
decreasing heart rate, decreasing force of myocardial contraction, vasoconstriction of skeletal muscle blood vessels, lowering blood pressure
Prolonged receptor stimulation during chronic drug therapy may induce cells to endocytose and sequester drug receptors in endocytic vesicles. This molecular mechanism is called
downregulation
The time a drug continues to produce its effect is its
duration of action
During tolerance to opioid analgesics, the following is happening.
fewer receptors are available to produce a response
The mechanism of action of methyldopa is
formation of a false transmitter in adrenergic nerve ending
Select the pharmacologic effect produced by cholinergic drugs
increased gastrointestinal motility
Opioid analgesics are used in which of the following settings?
induction of Monitored Anesthesia Care and treatment of chronic severe pain
Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants
inhibit or reduce activity within the spinal cord (intraneuronal), interrupting the central stimulus to muscle contraction
First-pass metabolism refers to the metabolism of drugs in the
liver
Sharp pain is transmitted through which type of nerve fibers?
myelinated A-delta
The antidote for atropine poisoning is
neostigmine
The time from drug administration to be first observable drug effect is known as the
onset of action
The rate of drug absorption would be increased by
Lipid solubility
Anticholinergic effects include
bronchodilator, increased heart rate, decreased respiration secretions, dry mouth
Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic that
can be used for relief of cancer pain
Adverse effects of opioid analgesics
constipation
The proprietary drug name supplied by a pharmaceutical company is also referred to as
trade name (brand name)
Which FDA pregnancy category would appear to be the safest for a developing fetus?
A
Which of the following is a way in which skeletal muscles are relaxed?
A. blockage of conduction in the spinal cord B. inhibiting nerve transmission C. blockage of the Nm receptors D. decreasing ACH in the neuromuscular junction
Drug X has a half life of 6 hours. How much drug is life in the body 18 hours after an IV infection of 1200 milligrams (mg)?
B
Direct-acting cholinergic drugs
Cholinergic drugs that bind to cholinergic receptors and activate them
The medical situation when a particular drug should not be administered is referred to as
Contraindication
A drug that has the potential for abuse and is regulated by the Drug Enforcement Agency is classified as
Controlled substance
Select the drug or condition(s) that decrease the effects of neuromuscular blockers.
Corticosteroids
When a drug increases the rate of drug metabolism of other drugs, the process is termed
Enzyme induction
The drug of choice to treat acute allergic reactions is
Epinephrine
An unusual or unexpected drug reaction by an individual is known as
Idiosyncrasy
Could be categorized as an adverse reaction
Idiosyncrasy, drug allergy, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity
The drug administration route demonstrating the slowest onset of action is
Transdermal
The pharmacologic effect of IV metaraminol (an alpha-1 drug) is
Vasoconstriction
The main pharmacologic effect of norepinephrine on alpha-1 receptor is
Vasoconstrictor
Drugs that have demonstrated teratogenic effects in women are classified as Pregnancy Category
X
Which of the following drugs has a recognized medical therapy and does not interact with opioid receptors?
acetaminophen
Epinephrine stimulates
alpha and beta receptors
At therapeutic doses, albuterol, stimulates
beta-2 receptors
Succinylcholine is associated with which of the following actions?
peripheral neuromuscular receptor blockade after stimulating the Nm receptors
Opioid drugs are derived from which of the following?
poppy, opium, chemical synthesis, alkaloids
Select reasons for using muscle relaxants during surgical or diagnostic procedures.
reduce muscle tear
Oxycodone in therapeutic doses can stimulate receptors to cause
relaxation of the skeletal muscles controlling posture
Symptoms of cholinergic drug overdosage include
slow pulse rate, increased urination, diarrhea, sweating
Skeletal muscle relaxants may alter control of respiration because
the diaphragm is a skeletal muscle
Which of the following is correct about the nicotinic-muscle (Nm) receptor blocking drugs?
there are two groups in this class: either depolarizing agents or nondepolarizing agents
All opioid analgesics are associated with which of the following?
tolerance develops to the analgesic response
Which of the following would be a preferred treatment for overactive bladder?
tolterodine