Pharmacology Exam 1

A client with tuberculosis is prescribed rifampin. What does the nurse teach the client about this medication? Select all that apply.

"Avoid drinking alcohol while you are on this drug." "Report immediately if you find a yellow appearance to the skin." "Your soft contact lenses will become permanently stained with this drug."

When a 12-year-old boy who sustained several tick bites on a camping trip becomes ill, he is told that he may have Lyme disease. He asks the nurse, "What is Lyme disease?" What is the best response by the nurse?

"The tick bites gave you an infection. There is medication that will treat it."

DON'T crush/chew

- enteric coated tablets - sustained release forms

The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for a client who has begun to demonstrate signs of early Alzheimer dementia. The client lives alone. The client's adult children live nearby. According to the prescribed medication regimen, the client is to take medications six times throughout the day. What is the priority nursing intervention to assist the client with taking the medication?

Contact the primary healthcare provider and discuss the possibility of simplifying the medication regimen.

A patient is going to be sent home with a prescription for doxycycline (Vibramycin). The nurse teaches the patient all of the following except:

Take the medication with milk to decrease GI upset.

A nurse is a preceptor for a new graduate nurse. The new graduate is providing care for a client who requests pain medication. The new graduate discovers that the prescribed dose is higher than the safe range listed in the hospital formulary and informs the preceptor of this discovery. The preceptor instructs the new graduate to go ahead and give the prescribed dose. Which action is best for the new graduate to take?

Contact the primary healthcare provider to discuss the dose.

For a client with difficulty swallowing, the nurse should crush which medication?

Acetaminophen extra strength

A nurse is reading the result of a Mantoux skin test for a client who is a resident of a group home for adults with disabilities. At 48 hours after testing, a 12 mm induration is measured. Which explanation of this result would the nurse give to the client?

Additional tests are needed, such as a chest x-ray.

The nurse has just finished administering medications to a patient and is charting the medications on the patient's medication administration record (MAR). When doing so, realizes that one of the medications given was in error. What is the next priority action of the nurse?

Assess the patient

Twenty minutes after the start of an intravenous (IV) vancomycin infusion, the client appears flushed and complains of palpitations. What action should the nurse take?

Contact the primary healthcare provider to obtain a prescription to decrease the infusion rate.

The nurse is preparing the following medications for a patient. Following best practice guidelines, which of the following medications should not be crushed or chewed? Select all that apply.

Bayer Aspirin Enteric Coated MS Contin Tablet Effexor XR Capsule

Which of the following should the nurse include when teaching a patient about gentamicin (Garamycin)?

Patient should report any hearing loss. Peak and trough levels will be drawn. IV doses will be given over 30-60 minutes.

The student is preparing a presentation for pharm class. the main topic is FDA drug classifications for pregnancy. Which of the following drug classifications hould the student inform the class is most detrimental (harmful) to the fetus?

Category X

A client who is undergoing treatment for osteomyelitis reports bloody, watery diarrhea. The client also has hives and mouth sores. Which medication will the nurse check for in the client's medication administration record?

Cefazolin

The longest phase of the drug approval process is typically

Clinical testing phase

The nurse who is monitoring a patient receiving sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim DS) for treatment of a urinary tract infection would encourage the patient to consume fluids to prevent which of the following?

Crystalluria

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is prescribed for a client with cystitis. When teaching about the medication, what does the nurse instruct the client to do?

Drink 8 to 10 glasses of water daily.

The student nurse is preparing for a pharmacology exam and is reviewing the different US legislation that has been enacted since 1906. The student nurse would be able to identify which of the following legislation distinguished those drugs that require a new prescription for a refill?

Durham-Humphrey Amendment

A client is started on tetracycline antibiotic therapy. What should the nurse do when administering this drug?

Give the medication an hour before milk products are ingested.

The nurse assesses a patient and finds that his heart rate is 120, his BP is 70/50, and he is flushed. Vancomycin (Vancocin) is running IVPB. What should the nurse do next?

Slow the IV infusion.

A patient is ordered to take sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). The nurse knows to monitor for which of the following adverse reactions?

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A client develops a maculopapular rash on the upper extremities and audible wheezing during the administration of intravenous vancomycin. To ensure the client's safety, which action would the nurse carry out first?

Stop infusion

Checking the "5Rights" is in which phase of the nursing process?

Implementation

A nurse identifies that an older adult has not achieved the desired outcome from a prescribed proprietary medication. When assessing the situation, the client shares that the medication is too expensive and that the prescription was never filled. What is an appropriate nursing response?

Inform the healthcare provider of the inability to afford the medication.

A client is receiving amoxicillin (Amoxil). The nurse knows that the action of this drug is by which process?

Inhibition of bacterial cell-wall synthesis

Your patient has a new order for Amphotericin B. The nurse would expect to administer this medication via which route?

Intraveneously

The nurse finds that a client undergoing treatment for osteomyelitis is showing signs of Achilles tendon rupture. Which medication does the nurse ask the primary healthcare provider to reconsider?

Levofloxacin (levaquin) Ciprofoxin (cipro) FLUOROQUINOLONES

The nurse is reviewing the patient's medication administration record (MAR). Which of the following orders is written correctly?

Levothyroxine 0.75 mcg po daily at 0600

A client currently taking medication for bacterial vaginosis complaints of an unpleasant metallic taste, nausea, and vomiting. Which medication would be responsible for this condition?

Metronidazole

A client with mild diarrhea is diagnosed with a Clostridium difficile infection. Which is the first-line drug that would be used to treat this condition?

Metronidazole (flagyl) NITROIMIDAZOLE

Penicillin G (Pfizerpen) has been prescribed for a patient. Which nursing intervention(s) should the nurse include for this patient? (Select all that apply.)

Monitor patient for symptoms of Stevens-Johnson syndrome Instruct patient to report persistent diarrhea Collect a culture prior to first dose.

After an infant completes a week of antibiotic therapy, the nurse finds white, adherent patches on the tongue, palate, and inner aspects of the cheeks that the provider identifies as thrush. Which medication does the nurse expect to be prescribed?

Nystatin

Drugs that SHOULDN'T be crushed or chewed

Sustained-release tablets, which can be composed of multiple layers for different drug release times, as can beads within capsules. Some of the more common prefixes or suffixes for sustained-release, controlled-release, or controlled-delivery products include: 12-hour, 24-hour, CC, CD, CR, ER, LA, Retard, SA, Slo-, SR, XL, XR, or XT. Enteric-coated tablets, which are formulated because certain drugs can be irritating to the stomach or are degraded by stomach acid. By enteric-coating tablets or capsule beads, the drug's release can be delayed until it reaches the small intestine. Prefixes include EN- and EC-.

The nurse would implement which of the following nursing intervention(s) for the patient taking ciprofloxacin (Cipro)?

Teach the patient to avoid taking an antacid at the same time as the Cipro. Obtain culture prior to drug administration. Encourage the patient to increase fluids to 8-10 glasses per day. Instruct the patient to report any joint or tendon pain.

A 5-year-old child is given fluoroquinolones. Which potential adverse effect unique to pediatric clients should the nurse anticipate?

Tendon rupture

The nurse is administering tetracycline (Vibramycin) to a client. Which of the following would be appropriate teaching topics?

Use sunscreen due to increased photosensitivity.

A 20 year old female presents to the emergency room with headache, stiff neck and fever. Meningitis is suspected. Which of the following would be the best choice to treat this patient?

ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Sustained Released Forms

dur (duration) SR (sustained release) CR (continuous release) SA (sustained action) contin (continous) LA (long acting)

The nurse would be most concerned with the development of which of the following in a patient taking isoniazid (INH)?

jaundice

A patient presents to the emergency room with severe nausea, vomiting, fever, facial flushing, slurred speech, tachycardia, hypotension, and palpitations. A beginning assessment reveals that the patient is on an antibiotic and has just had several alcoholic beverages. Which of the following antibiotics can cause this reaction if mixed with alcohol consumption?

metronidazole (Flagyl)

A 75 year old gentleman is diagnosed with suspected influenza based on his onset of symptoms that began approximately 18 hours ago. Which of the following is most likely to be prescribed?

oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

The patient taking a medication from the aminoglycoside classification should be monitored for:

ototoxicity

The Federal Food and Drug Act of 1906 contributes to medication safety by

requiring labels include presence of possibly addictive ingredients

The new nurse is attending a hospital orientation session on QSEN. The new nurse is familiar with QSEN from school and knows that which of the following choices are among the QSEN competencies?

safety, teamwork, informatics

All of the following are parenteral routes of administration except

sublingual