Pharmacology Quiz 1 (Module 1 & 2)

cytochrome p450

(liver enzymes) convert drug to metabolites

The six nursing rights?

1. right to a clear and complete order 2. right to have the correct drug, route (form), and dose dispensed 3. right to access information 4. right to policies to guide safe medication administration 5. right to administer medications 6. right to stop, think and be vili

Additional rights to essential professional nursing practice?

1. the right assessment 2. the patient's right to education 3. the right evaluation 4. the patient's right to refuse

Six rights of medication administration?

1. the right patient 2. the right medication 3. the right dose 4. the right route and form 5. the right time 6. the right documentation

phases of pharmakinetic phase?

absorption distribution metabolism excretion

absorption occurs...

across the musical lining of the small intestines through passive transport active transpot pinocytosis

factors affecting half life?

age, renal excretion, liver metabolism, and protein binding

factors affecting absorption?

blood flow, pain, stress, hunger, pH, poor circulation, exercise

disintegration?

breakdown of a smaller drug form into particles

trade name

chosen by a drug company... usually a registered trade mark

Tolerance

decreased response to same dose of medication with a constant exposure (may require a higher dose)

chemical name?

describes drug's chemical structure

first order elimination vs zero order elimination

drug decreases exponentially with time drug decreases linearly with time

cumulative drug interactions?

drug elicits a more pronounced effect than the first dose

factors affecting bioavailability?

drug form, route administration, gastric mucosa, administration with food and other drugs, changes in liver metabolism

antagonists?

drug response not facilitated

non-receptor actions/

drugs that attach, elicit some response, block some response

additive drug interactions?

effect of two chemicals is equal to the sumo effect of two taken separately

synergistic drug interactions?

effect of two chemicals taken together is greater than their separate effects at same dose

antagonistic drug interactions?

effect of two chemicals taken together is less than the sum of separate effects at same dose

agonists?

facilitate a drug response

peak level

highest blood level.... blood drawn at the drug's peak action level

Compliance and adherence?

importnat to know if patient is taking medication. If not, why

part of drug that bonds to protein is __________ part of drug that does not bond to protein is _______

inactive active

sensitization

increased response to same exposure a lesser dose of drug may be needed

pharmacodynamic phase of drug activity?

involves receptor biding, post receptor effects and chemical reactions what body does with the drug

therapeutic effects

is the expected physiological responsne that a medication causes

Over the counter medications?

it is important that the nurse knows what the patient is taken including OTC's. Many of these drugs are potent and can cause moderate to mild side effects especially when taken with another drug

main organ of excretion?

kidneys

only drugs that are _________ can cross the blood brain barrier

lipid soluble

where is the primary site of metabolism?

liver

trough level

lowest blood level.... drawn just before the next dose

drugs with narrower therapeutic index?

more dangerous

distibution?

movement of drug from circulation to body tissues

absorption?

movement of drug into bloodstream after administration

generic name?

name not owned by any drug company... universally accepted

pharmacokinetic drug interactions?

one drug affects distribution metabolism or excretion of another

be able to compare and contrast the various forms in which medications are administered

oral rectal vaginal intranasal topical inhaled parenteral

first pass effect?

oral meds are generally absorbed by the GI tract and carried to liver (constant fraction of drug is eliminated per unit of time)

allergic response?

patient becomes immunologically sensitized to initial dose of medication... triggers antibodies

bioavailability?

portion of dose that reaches systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells

side effects

predictable and often avoidable they are harmless or cause injury some patients may sit taking a medication because of this

metabolism

process by which the body chemically changes drugs into a form that can be excreted

dissolution

process of combining small drug particles with liquid to form a solution

pharmacokinetics

process of drug movement throughout the body that is necessary to receive drug action

distribution affected by

rate of blood pressure to tissue drug affinity of tissue protein binding

therapeutic index

ratio between the toxic dose of a drug and therapeutic dose of a drug

drugs with short half life?

reach steady state rapidly

pharmacology

study or science of drugs

pharmaceutical phase of drug activity?

tablet has to disintegrate before it can be absorbed (dissolution and disintegration)

receptors?

target site of the drug

steady state?

the amount of drug administered is equal to the amount of drug eliminated within one dosing interval resulting in plateau

half life

the amount of time it takes to eliminate half of the drug

pharmacogenetics

the effect of genetic factors on reactions to drugs

pharmacodynamics?

the interactions of a drug and the receptors responsible for it's action in the body

pharmacotherapeutics

the science of the therapeutic uses and action of drugs on biological science

pharmaceutics

the study of how various drug forms influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activities

eight types of drug effects?

therapeutic effects side effects adverse effects toxic effects idiosyncratic effects allergic reactions tolerance sensitization

duration

time during concentration is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response

peak

time it takes a drug to reach it's max therapeutic response

onset

time ti takes for a drug to elicit a response (therapeutic)

pharmacodynamic drug interactions?

two drugs have interactive effects brain

adverse effects

unintended and undesirable often unpredictable

idiosyncratic/personal reactions

unpredictable effects (overreaction and under reactions) DIFFERENT THAN NORMAL REACTIONS

pharmakinetic phase of drug activity?

what the body does to the drug... describes the movement of drug throughout the body