Phil

Consider the following argument form: No C are B No C are T ------------ No T are B Which one of the following substitutions is a counterexample that shows the argument form is invalid?

C = pigs, B = reptiles, and T = snakes

Which is the most charitable missing conclusion to add to the following enthymeme? Neville is a talented singer, and talented singers make great karaoke party guests.

Neville will make a great karaoke party guest

Which is a direct counterexample to the following argument? The worst household chore is something one has to clean in the bathroom The worst household chore is cleaning something ceramic ---------------------------------------------------------------- The worst household chore is cleaning the bathtub

The worst household chore is cleaning the toilet.

Which of the following is a direct counterexample to the following argument? There is a small rodent in the box There is not a squirrel in the box ------------------------------------- There is a mouse in the box

There is a rat in the box

A common conclusion indicator is "which points to the conclusion that."

True

A strong inductive argument is an argument such that if the premises are assumed to be true, then the conclusion is probably true.

True

A valid deductive argument is one where, assuming the premises are true, it is impossible for the conclusion to be false.

True

A weak inductive argument is an argument such that if the premises are assumed to be true, then the conclusion is not probably true.

True

It is not the case that an argument may have any number of conclusions.

True

The premises in an argument are the reasons offered as evidence for the conclusion.

True

A premise may be true but irrelevant to the conclusion.

True

An invalid argument is automatically an unsound argument.

True

An invalid deductive argument is one where, assuming the premises are true, it is possible for the conclusion to be false.

True

Does the following passage contain an argument or not? I got at least a 95 on all my exams in this course. The syllabus says that anything over a 92 is an A. So, I expect to get an A for the course.

Argument

Does the following passage contain an argument or not? More damage was done last year from hurricanes than earthquakes. There was $100 million damage last year from hurricanes. There was $70 million damage last year from earthquakes.

Argument

Does the following passage contain an argument or not? My brother is going to make a lot of money. Phone apps are big business. Some apps are expensive. Of course, others cost a lot. My brother is creating some new games that he will market as apps

Argument

Does the following passage contain an argument or not? Newspapers are a good source of in-depth news and they are easily accessible. Weekly magazines are good source of in-depth news and they are easily accessible. PBS, CNN, and CSPAN are good sources of in-depth news and they are easily accessible. There is no reason why anyone should remain ignorant of what's going on in the world.

Argument

Does the following passage contain an argument or not? Sports provide a release from the stress of modern urban life. The release can be achieved either by direct participation or by watching. Relieving social tension can help bond different groups. Consequently, we should support all athletic activity.

Argument

Every apple grows on trees. I am eating an apple, so I am eating something that grew on a tree.

Deductive

Every horse can run a mile in under 3 minutes. Evie has a horse. Therefore, Evie's horse can run a mile in under three minutes.

Deductive

A deductive argument is one in which it is claimed that the conclusion follows probably from the premises.

False

An enthymeme is an argument with one premise and one conclusion

False

An inductive argument is one in which it is claimed that the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.

False

Some valid arguments are more valid than other valid arguments

False

Most people over 18 are registered to vote. Lisa is 19 years old. So, Lisa is registered to vote.

Inductive

The coin came up heads on the last toss. It probably will come up tails on the next toss.

Inductive

In this argument: "The 1987 treaty on intermediate-range nuclear forces required the U.S. and the Soviet Union to dismantle their medium-range missiles. Since this was the first treaty that actually reduced the number of nuclear missiles, instead of merely limiting further increases, it was a significant step toward world peace." What role does this statement play?: The INF treaty reduced the number of nuclear missiles.

Its the premise of the argument

Consider the following argument: Argument 11 No cars are trucks. No trucks are buses. Therefore, no cars are buses. Which one of the following correctly expresses the form of the argument? (Let C = cars, T = trucks, and B = buses.)

No C are T No T are B ----------- No C are B.

Consider the following argument: Argument 7 No squares are triangles. No squares are circles. Therefore, no triangles are circles. Which one of the following correctly expresses the form of the argument? (Let S = squares, T = triangles, and C = circles.)

No S are T No S are C ------------ No T are C.

Consider the following argument: Argument 2 Want to know why soy bean curd has no taste? Well, the fat in hamburgers is what gives them their great taste. And the fat in pizza is what gives it great taste. In general, food without fat tastes bland. And soy bean curd has no fat. Is the statement "The fat in pizza is what gives it great taste" a premise or conclusion of this argument?

Premise

Consider this argument: Argument 1 Hamburgers are loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Pizza is loaded with saturated fat and sodium. Too much saturated fat and sodium is harmful to your heart. Jim takes in too much saturated fat and sodium. It follows Jim is harming his heart. Is the statement "Jim takes in too much saturated fat and sodium" a premise or a conclusion of the argument?

Premise

Consider the following argument form: All S are R All S are P ------------- All R are P Which one of the following substitutions is a counterexample that shows the argument form is invalid?

R = puppies, S = dogs, and P = mammals

Consider the following argument form: All R are S All R are ----------- All P are S Which one of the following substitutions is a counterexample that shows the argument form invalid?

R = puppies, S = dogs, and P = mammals.

Consider the following argument form: No S are T No S are C ------------ No T are C Which one of the following substitutions is a counterexample that shows the argument form is invalid?

S = motorcycles, T = cats, and C = mammals.

Consider the following argument: Edith has gray hair Edith has a bad knee ---------------------------- Edith is at least seventy years old Would adding the following statement as a new premise strengthen, weaken, or neither strengthen nor weaken the argument? Edith has two grandchildren

Strenthens

Is the following argument strong or weak? Most drunk drivers get caught and punished eventually. My cousin often drives drunk. He will probably be caught and punished one day.

Strong

Is the following argument strong or weak? Most elements with atomic weights less than 50 are unstable. Q is an element with an atomic weight of 49. Therefore, Q is unstable.

Strong

Is the following argument strong or weak? Jim was born in the winter. Therefore, he was born in December.

Weak

Is the following argument strong or weak? The stock market has gone down for the last 3 weeks. It will probably go down again next week.

Weak

Which is a direct counterexample to the following argument? Yannis scored two goals in the soccer match Yannis is popular -------------------- Yannis is a good soccer player

Yannis only scored own-goals

Most sea creatures have gills. Dolphins are sea creatures. Dolphins probably have gills.

inductive

Some strong arguments are weaker than other strong arguments

true

Which is the most charitable missing premise to add to the following enthymeme? No theater major likes reading about chemical analysis, so I'm pretty sure Nathan'll hate it.

Nathan is a theater major

Consider the following argument: Edith has gray hair Edith has a bad knee -------------------------- Edith is at least seventy years old Would adding the following statement as a new premise strengthen, weaken, or neither strengthen nor weaken the argument? Edith's best friend has black hair

Neither strengthen nor weaken

Consider the following argument: Edith has gray hair Edith has a bad knee --------------------------- Edith is at least seventy years old Would adding the following statement as a new premise strengthen, weaken, or neither strengthen nor weaken the argument? Edith's favorite drink is fresh orange juice

Neither strengthen nor weaken

Consider the following argument: Argument 4 Paris's Eiffel Tower is three times as tall as the one in Las Vegas. The Luxor Pyramid in Las Vegas is half the size of the original in Egypt. The Statue of Liberty in New York is four times the one in Las Vegas. Thus, every object in Las Vegas is smaller than in other cities. Is the statement "Paris's Eiffel Tower is three times as tall as the one in Las Vegas." a premise or a conclusion of the argument?

Premise

Consider the following argument: Argument 6 Building fuel-efficient cars helps reduce gasoline consumption. We need to start building more fuel-efficient cars. Dependency on foreign oil for gasoline production is a drain on the economy. Offshore oil drilling is dangerous. Oil spills through faulty drilling are hazardous to life; so are large tanker spills. Carbon emissions are hurting the environment. Is the statement "Building fuel-efficient cars helps reduce gasoline consumption" a premise or a a conclusion of the argument?

Premise

In this argument: "The voucher system in education is not a good idea. The government would have to require that the vouchers be spent on valid educational programs. That means it would have to set criteria for private as well as public schools, and this would increase government oversight and control of private schools." What role does this statement play?: Increased government oversight and control of private schools is not desirable.

It is an assumption, an assumed premise of the argument

In this argument: "The 1987 treaty on intermediate-range nuclear forces required the U.S. and the Soviet Union to dismantle their medium-range missiles. Since this was the first treaty that actually reduced the number of nuclear missiles, instead of merely limiting further increases, it was a significant step toward world peace." What role does this statement play?: The INF treaty was a significant step toward world peace.

It is the conclusion of the argument.

In this argument: "Using bootleg software--copies of programs that one obtains without paying the software company--is usually not worth it. You don't get the user's manual, you don't get technical support, and you rarely get the latest version of the program." What role does this statement play?: Those who use bootleg software don't get technical support.

Its the premise of the argument

Does the following passage contain an argument or not? Most scientists agree that global warming is caused by human activity. But some politicians ignore this fact. Environmental philosophers maintain that ignoring global warming is an act of intergenerational injustice.

Not an argument

Which is the most charitable missing conclusion to add to the following enthymeme? The Presidential election won't be decided by Massachusetts voters. The only reason to vote in November is to participate in the Presidential election. You live in Massachusetts.

You should not vote in November

Which is the most charitable missing conclusion to add to the following enthymeme? Voting for a political candidate who shares your political outlook is crucial. It's a bad idea to be a one-issue voter, for that reason. I know you think that abortion is morally wrong, and the Republican candidate claims to agree. But the Democratic candidate defends policies much closer to your views, like universal healthcare.

You should vote for the Democratic candidate.

Which is the most charitable missing conclusion to add to the following enthymeme? The President is seeking reelection. Changing course in the middle of a difficult time is dangerous. We're living through a global pandemic!

You should vote to reelect the President

Is the following argument strong or weak? Most earthquakes do considerable damage to infrastructure when the earthquake occurs near a large city. There was an earthquake today near a large city in South America. There will probably be considerable damage to infrastructure.

Strong

A common premise indicator is "for."

True