Philosophy

atoms

Democritus' theory includes the view that reality consists of _____ and the void.

Hellenism

the period of Stoism and Epicureans

the one

Parmenides argues that reality consists of _____.

deductive argument

Parmenides is famous for, among other things, his _____.

rejects (truth depends on your beliefs)

Plato _____ Protagoras' position.

real things

Plato reasons that, if truth is objective, it must also be about _____.

we lack knowledge in some fundamental way

Plato rejects skepticism, the view that _____.

Charismatic

Socrates was said to be

no one is wiser than Socrates

The Oracle at Delphi declared _____.

appeal to the person

The fallacy of rejecting a statement on the grounds that it comes from a particular person is known as _____.

an argument

A group of statements in which one of them is meant to be supported by the others is _____.

social status

A preoccupation with _____ is a clear indication, according to Socrates, that one's soul is unhealthy

Socratic method

A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as _____.

statement

A(n) _____ is an assertion that something is or is not the case and is therefore the kind of utterance that is either true or false.

apeiron

Anaximander contends that everything came from a formless, imperishable substance called _____.

deductive

Arguments intended to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions so that if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true are _____.

inductive

Arguments that are supposed to give probable support to their conclusions are _____.

substance

Aristotle asserts that _____ consist(s) of form plus essence, and matter.

happiness

Aristotle thinks _____ is the highest good for a human being.

that things closer to the outside of the cave are more real than those closer to the back.

As the prisoner makes his way out of the cave, he begins to see _____.

ancient atomism

Democritus advances the theory known as _____.

the philosophy of achieving happiness through moderate pleasures and avoidance of pain.

Epicureanism is _____.

peace of mind

Epicureanism, Stoicism, and skepticism all aim toward _____.

that something is true; why it is true.

For Aristotle, scientific knowledge is not so much knowing _____ but _____.

what's true and real

For Socrates the good of the soul is attained only through an uncompromising search for _____.

premises

In an argument, the statement being supported is the conclusion, and the statements supporting the conclusion are the _____.

question and answer

Socrates employed _____ in his interactions

ethical

Socrates is concerned with _____ questions

knowledge

Socrates' method shows a belief in a connection between virtue and _____.

attitudes

Stoicism distinguishes between what we cannot control and our _____.

we can attain happiness and peace of mind if we focus on controlling only what is up to us.

Stoicism is the view that _____

method

Thales' great contribution to philosophy and science is (are) his _____, whereby he sought natural and simple explanations for natural phenomena.

final

That for which a thing is, is called the _____ cause.

efficient

That which initiates or is the source of a change is called the _____ cause.

formal

The _____ cause explains why something is the way it is by citing the structure and properties that make it when it is.

Socratic Method

The _____ is used to expose errors in ethical thinking

logic

The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and _____.

argument

The reductio ad absurdum is a type of

false

The reductio ad absurdum shows an assumption to be _____.

logic

The study of correct reasoning is called _____.

metaphysics

The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____.

the forms

Plato calls the objectively real, eternal, and abstract entities that serve as models or universals of higher knowledge, _____.

3 (appetite, spirit, reason)

Plato's tripartite soul is constituted by _____, _____, and _____.

epistemology

Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as _____.

necessary and unnecessary

main division for Epicureans

intrinsic

_____ goods are what all our actions are pointed toward.

axiology

_____ is the study of value, including both aesthetic value and moral value.

disrupting the youth disrespecting the gods

two charges against Socrates

something desired for its own sake, not for something else (happiness)

what is intrinsic good/an example?

not all equal

According to Epicurus, pleasures are _____.

water

According to Thales, the universe is fundamentally _____.

rational

Heraclitus' central idea is a(n) _____ principle

logos

Heraclitus' central idea is the _____.