Phonetics Chapter 14

Falling Intonation

Signals the termination of completion of an utterance, suggesting that no verbal response is required of the listener.

Co-Articulation

Sounds influence the production of adjacent sounds

Intonation Contour

(Walk, Jump, Step, and Fall) Walk- 1st and 2nd (most comfortable pitch level) Jump- Third Syllable Step down- 4th Syllable Fall- 5th Syllable

4 Items of Speech Rhythm

1) Accent 2) Emphasis 3) Phrasing 4) Intonation

Connected Speech

A continuous flow of sounds

Phrasing

A continuous utterance bounded by silent intervals.

Intonation

Changes in words in a phrase by the rising and falling of pitch.Pitch inflections provide audible intonation contours which give a level of meaning over and above the string of phonemes, pattern of accent, and emphasis.

Intonation

Pitch variations within a phrase; a speaker's _____ usually described in terms of the rise and fall of the voice

Assigning Stress

Pitch walks until it jumps on the important word then it steps down to the last syllable

Stress

Placing emphasis to a unit of speech; often marks the difference between verbs and nouns

Rising-Falling Intonation

One of the most commonly used when making a simple statement of face, or giving a command, or sarcasm.

Supra-Segmental Features

Prosodic features of speech which occurs in longer connected units, not in first phoneme segments

Accent

Refers to the style of speech (dialect, or trasnfer of speech characteristics from the first langage)

Secondary Stress

Retains duration and loudness without a change in pitch

Rising Intonation

Signals an unfinished situation where something is needed from the listener or more is coming from the speaker.

Primary Stress

Syllables are higher in pitch slightly louder and longer

Syllable

The basic unit of speech rhythm; described as a cluster of co-articulated sounds produced on a single speech impulse

Accent

The part of a word, phrase, or sentence which is given increased loudness as well as change to the intonation pattern. _____ refers to the stress given to a syllable within a word compared with its other syllables.

Speech Rhythm

The general term referring to the combined aspects of accent, emphasis, phrasing, intonation, and rate

Emphasis

The stressing of a word or words within a phrase or sentence. _____ is not applied to recurring patterns or conventional usage.

Supra-Segmental Phonology

The study of stress and intonation

Stress

The way a speaker of a language emphasizes some aspect of speech to make it meaningful