PHY. SCIENCE 1111

Boyle said the word scientist means _______________________

"one who knows"

7 assumptions of the kinetic energy theory of gases.

-Gas molecules are small compared with the space between them. -Gas molecules are always in motion. -Gas molecules frequently collide and change direction, -The collisions are elastic; no energy is lost upon impact. -The higher the temperature of as gas, the greater the speed of its molecules. -At the same temperature, lighter molecules move more rapidly than heavier molecule. -Gas molecules exert physically no attractive force upon one another.

6 Properties of a gas.

-expands to fill a container. -flows easily -completely mixable -has a definite mass -expands and constructs as air pressure changes -has molecules that are far apart.

standard temperature of a gas

0 C or 273 K

speed of air molecule

1,770 km/h

standard pressure of a gas

760 mm Hg

what is the standard atmospheric pressure?

760 mm Hg

6 ways of expressing standard atmospheric pressure

760 mm of mercury, 30 inches of mercury, 76 cm of mercury, 14.7 pounds per square inch, 1013 millibars, 1 atmosphere.

Describe an aneroid barometer

A small, sealed metal box which measures differences in atmospheric pressure as the sides of the box move in or out.

State the kinetic theory of matter.

All matter consists of moving molecules.

What law deals with volume and pressure?

Boyle's Law

What law deals with volume and temperature?

Charle's Law

The absolute temperature of gas is expressed in _______________ _____________________.

Degrees Kelvin

Boyle's father

Duke of Cork

Where did Boyle first meet Galileo Galilei?

Florence, Italy

Who proved the fact that air has weight and exerts pressure?

Galileo Galilei and Evangelista Torricelli

What law deals with temperature and pressure?

Gay-Lussac's Law

2 Atmosphere layers

Homosphere and heterosphere

Who was the first person who published the results of the relationship of temperature and volume of gas?

Joseph Gay-Lussac

absolute temperature

Kelvin scale

Formula for Gay-Lussac's Law

P/T=K or P1/T1 = P2/T2

Formula for combined gas law.

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

Formula for Boyle's law.

PV = K or P1V1 = P2V2

Boyle made the first match with elements _________________ and _________________________.

Phosphorus and Sulfur

The invisible college was given a charter under the name ____________________

Royal Society

Gay-Lussac's Law

The absolute temperature of a gas is directly proportional to the pressure if the volume remains constant.

Charle's Law

The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature if the pressure remains constant.

Boyle's law

The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure applied to it if the temperature remains constant.

2 books of Boyle.

Touching the Spring of Air and The Skeptical Chemist

Formula for Charle's Law

V/T = K or V1/T1 = V2/T2

What was the invisible college?

a group of scientists who met weekly to discuss new scientific ideas

how to convert C to K

add 273K

Boyle also proved, for the first time, that living things need ______>

air

Robert Boyle is usually given credit for the invention of _________________________.

air pump

what measures the wind speed?

anemometer

what measures the air pressure?

barometer

Why is water cannot be suctioned higher than 10.4 m?

because at that point the weight of the water inside the pipe is balanced by the atmospheric pressure outside the pipe, and the water will not rise any higher.

Why do gas molecules have little attraction or repulsion for each other?

because gas molecules are so widely separated and moving

Why did Torricelli used mercury for his experiments?

because mercury is heavier than water

Why is difficult to determine the density of a gas?

because of its volume varies greatly with pressure and temperature

Why is a person unaware of the weight of the atmosphere?

because the atmospheric pressure is the same as the pressure inside his body.

What caused the pressure of a gas in a container?

by the kinetic energy of the molecules as they bombard the walls of their container.

What caused the atmospheric pressure?

caused by the weight of the atmosphere

What law deals with temperature, pressure and volume?

combined gas Law

What combines the other 3 gas laws into a single law?

combined gas law

In his experiments, Jacques Charles discovered that volume and temperature had a ___________________ relationship.

direct

What is a gas at normal temperature and pressure?

gas

Boyle's pump made it possible for doctors to understand the _________________ and how ____________________________________.

heart...blood was circulated throughout the body.

What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere?

homosphere

What layer of atmosphere is a mixture of several gases?

homosphere

what measures the relative humidity?

hygrometer

The combined gas law is also called ______________________.

ideal gas equation

Boyle discovered that the pressure ______________________ as the volume decreased.

increased

What are the curved lines on weather map indicating areas of equal pressure?

isobars

What does it mean when we say the kinetic theory of gases is a model?

it means that it cannot be proven, but only helps explain the behavior of gases

what happens as the volume of a gas decreases?

its density increases

What is used to measure the pressure of a contained gas?

manometer

In an elastic collision, _____________________ is lost.

no energy

What is an inverse relationship?

one factor increases as the other decreases at the same rate.

what is O3

ozone

3 properties of gases which are so closely related that when one changes, so do the others.

pressure, temperature, volume

how to convert K to C

subtract 273K

In Gay-Lussac's law, what are the variables?

temperature and pressure

Gay-Lussac's law expresses the relationship between _________________________ and ______________ of a gas at constant volume.

temperature...pressure

Define pressure.

the amount of force per unit area.

What is a front?

the area where two air masses meet.

What is Brownian movement?

the observable movement of tiny particles of matter as they are bumped by molecules.

What is the spring of air?

the tendency of air to spring back after being compressed.

What are the layers of atmosphere when divided by temperature?

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere

What is a gas where the temperature and pressure are above normal?

vapor

As the density of a gas increases, its _________________decreases.

volume

In Gay-Lussac's law, what is a constant?

volume

What is direct relationship?

when one factor increases and the other increases at the same rate.