physical science
On the Celsius scale water boils at
100 degrees Celsius
The theoretical temperature at which all particle (molecular) vibration stops is called
absolute zero
The efficiency of a simple machine is?
always less than 100 percent
The combination of two or more simple machines is called a(n) ________
compound machine
Thermal energy transfer that occurs between two objects that are in direct contact is called _______________ .
conduction
Which method of thermal energy transfer is explained by the collision of high energy particles with particles of lesser energy?
conduction
Which statement is false concerning radiation?
The amount of energy radiated from an object decreases as its temperature increases
Which object below has the most gravitational potential energy?
A climber on top of Mt. Washington.
A farmer drives 6 km east down a straight road. They turn around and drives 4 km back. What was their average VELOCITY if the trip took 1 hour?
+2 km/hr
What is the kinetic energy of a bolder weighing 50.0 N perched on the edge of a cliff 25.0 m high is?
0 J
Of the following temperatures, select the one that would have the highest average kinetic energy. *
160 degrees C
Which choice(s) could represent the VELOCITY of a moving car?
50 km/hr {N}
Examples of type energy
A dinner consisting of chicken, potatoes and green beans → Chemical Potential Energy, A atom undergoes fission, splitting in two. Releasing relatively large amounts of energy → Nuclear Energy, A car rolling down a hill. → Mechanical Energy, The cup of hot coffee burned her hand when she spilled it. → Thermal or Heat Energy, Light from the Sun. → Electromagnetic (Light & Electricity) Energy
An example of work being done is?
A person pushing a lawn mower up a hill and cutting the grass.
_______________ results due to the transfer of thermal energy in the tropical regions moving to the Arctic (polar) regions of the earth. *
Atmospheric circulation
Which of the following is a unit of work?
Both Newton-meter and Joule
The work-energy theorem states __________.
Change in E = Work
Our most common frame of reference is the
Earths surface
After examining the work of a Dutch researcher who dropped balls into clay, championed the idea that squaring an objects speed determined how much work it could do. The first to translate Newton's works into French.
Emilie du Chatelet
When the net force acting on an object is zero, the object doesn't accelerate.
Equilibrium
When the net force acting on an object is zero, the object doesn't accelerate.
Equilubrium
Is the following sentence true or false? Thermal contraction occurs when matter is heated, because particles of matter tend to move closer together as temperature increases.
False
Lisa Meitner and Otto Hahn
First to observe the fission of atomic nuclei after on serving that Uranium atoms when bombarded with neutrons would give off less massive barium atoms.
Any influence that can cause an object to be accelerate
Force
Any influence that can cause an object to be accelerated
Force
Why is the ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) of a machine always larger than the actual mechanical advantage (AMA)?
Friction reduced the amount of work you have to do.
n room A, the stove's thermal energy is transferred from the heating element on its top to the contents of the pot by _______________ .
conduction
The tendency of an object with mass to remain either at rest or in constant motion.
Inertia
An object thrown straight upwards will rise until ____________
KE becomes 0
Which expression best describes the energy content for a closed system. (i.e., follows the law of conservation of energy).
KEbefore + PEbefore = KEafter + PEafter
The amount of matter present. Measured in kg.
Mass
Which of the following is not an example of a temperature scale? *
Newtonian
While sitting in chairs with coasters you and a friend push on each other and head in opposite directions.
Newtons third law
Which statement best explains what happens when an object or substance heats up.
On average, it's particles move faster.
James Clerk Maxwell
Provided the mathematical backbone for Faraday's idea that electromagnetism was a single force. Demonstrated that light was nothing more than waves of electric and magnetic field
simple machine examples
Pully → Fan with belt in car engine, Lever → Crowbar, Wedge → Edge of knife blade, Inclined Plane → Staircase, Wheel and axel → Door Knob
Albert Einstein
Showed that energy and mass are just tow forms of the same thing. Each can be transformed into the other, with C2 as the conversion factor. Thus even a tiny mass is equal to an enormous amount of energy.
The difference between momentum and inertia is
The difference between momentum and inertia is, momentum requires a velocity and inertia does not
Thermal or Heat Energy,
The energy associated with motion.
Chemical Potential Energy,
The energy contained in the internal motion (i.e., vibration, wiggle) of particles of matter.
Mechanical Energy,
The energy of moving charges and light waves.
Nuclear Energy
The energy stored in chemical compounds, the energy that bonds atoms or ions together.
Electromagnetic and Electrical Energy,
The energy stored in the nucleus of atoms due to the strong and weak forces.
Michael Faraday
The first to hypothesize that invisible fields of electricity and magnitism carried these forces through space. Showed that electricity could create magnetism and vis-a-versa.
Why are you more likely to burn yourself on a metal toy than on a plastic toy if both have been sitting in the sun?
The metal is better conductor of thermal energy than plastic and will conduct thermal energy to your fingers more easily than the plastic.
Which statement is true about heat?
The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another is heat.
Which statement is true about conduction?
Thermal energy is transferred without transfer of matter. In most solids, conduction takes place as particles vibrate against adjacent particles.
A material that easily allows the flow of heat is called a(n) _______________ . *
conductor
Is the statement true or false? Two objects or substances can be the same temperature and contain different amounts of thermal energy.
True
The formula to calculate work is?
W = F x d
Acceleration shows
how quickly an object's velocity changes
In physics, a system is . . .
a defined set or collection of objects
Work is done when.
a force causes an object to move
Which of the following devices would be used to measure changes in thermal energy of an objet or substance? *
calorimeter
The sequence of energy transformations that take place at an electrical power plant to produce energy is
chemical (fossil fuel), thermal, mechanical (motion), electrical
A student pushes a box of materials across their table towards their lab partner. What Kind of force did they apply to the box?
contact force
The transfer of thermal energy when particles of a fluid move from one place to another is called _______________ . *
convection
When a fluid circulates in a loop as it alternately heats up and cools down, a(n) _______________ occurs.
convection current
Uneven heating of the Earth's surface results in the formation of _______________ in the atmosphere
convection currents
Which of the following would not be a good insulator of thermal energy?
copper sheeting
Something velocity describes about an object that speed does not is the
direction and travel
A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it were to roll at the same speed but had twice as much mass, its momentum would be?
doubled
A student pushes a box of materials across their table towards their lab partner. Which of the universal forces mediated the interaction between the box and the hand (i.e., keeps the student's hand from passing through the side of the box)?
electromagnetic force
Attractive or repulsive force between objects with charge. Makes electrons repel each other.
electromagnetic force,
When warmer molecules collide with cooler molecules,
energy is transferred from the warmer molecules to the cooler molecules.
If you push against a wall, the wall pushes back against you with _____ force.
equal
For the total momentum of a system to change a(n) __________ must act on the system
external force
The law of conservation of momentum states that the momentum of any closed, isolated system changes over time.
false
According to Newton's _____ law, an object with no net force acting on it remains at rest or in motion with constant velocity.
first
Something that is typically not moving with respect to an observer that can be used to detect motion.
frame of reference
Force of attraction between objects with mass. Has infinite range but the weakest force in the universe
gravitational force,
A slanted surface used to raise objects is a(n) __________.
inclined plane
A material that reduces the flow of heat is called __________ . *
insulation
The total amount of energy (including the rest energy of matter) in the universe?
is believed to not change but remain at a constant
What is true about the total amount of energy in an isolated, closed system?
it remains constant
Which of the following is a unit of measure for energy?
joule
In the metric system, thermal energy is measured in _______________.
joules
Momentum is expressed in units of
kg m/s
which one will have the most inertia?
m = 200 kg v = 0 m/s
A scalar is a quantity that has only
magnitude
A vector is a quantity that has
magnitude and direction
Gravitational potential energy depends upon ____________ .
mass, gravity and height
The thermal energy contained in an object/substance depends upon the ____________, ____________, and ____________ of the the object. *
mass, temperature, specific heat
The amount by which a machine multiplies an effort force is called the ______
mechanical advantage
Distance can be measured in
meters
If speed decreases, then the acceleration is
negative
The magician pulled the table cloth out from under the glassware, leaving it undisturbed.
newtons first law
A race car is able to undergo greater acceleration when its gas tank is a quarter full as opposed to being full.
newtons second law
The rate of doing work is called __________.
power
A transfer of energy that does not require that matter be present is _______________ .
radiation
In room B, the thermal energy is transferred to the sunbather mainly by _______________ . *
radiation
In room C, thermal energy is transferred to people from the fire in the fireplace mainly by _______________
radiation
The method by which thermal energy reaches the Earth from the Sun?
radiation
The transfer of energy by waves moving through space is called _______________ . *
radiation
A machine cannot do which of the follow?
reduce the work required to do a task
The zero point from which measures are made when determining the motion of an object is known as the
reference point
The energy stored in matter, as described by Albert Einstein in the equation E = MC2, is referred to as?
rest energy
Hot air tends to __________ while cold air tends to __________. *
rise, sink
Newton's _____ Law states that the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
second
A mechanical device that consists of only one part that makes work easier is a __________.
simple machine
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of material by one degree Celsius is called the _______________ for that material.
specific heat
The rate at which an object moves relative to a frame of reference is
speed
The force found in the nucleus of the atom which holds the nucleus together
strong nuclear forces
_______________ occurs where one oceanic plate pushes under one continental dry land plate. *
subduction
The thermal energy which powers the weather systems and ocean currents on the surface of the Earth comes from the _______________ . *
sun
Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another as the result of a difference in _______________
temperature
The thermal energy which induces convection currents in the Earth's mantle, resulting in plate tectonics on the Earth's surface, comes from _______________
the Earths core
Energy is?
the ability to do work or cause change
An increase in temperature indicates
the addition of thermal energy
The part of the electrical power plant that where chemical energy (fossil fuel) is converted into thermal energy is the
the boiler
An object has more kinetic energy
the faster it moves
Which of the following devices would be used to measure changes in the temperature of an object or substance?
thermometer
Any change in energy of a system is due to work done on the system.
true
Even if speed is constant velocity can be changing
true
Is the following sentence true or false? On the Celsius scale, the reference points for temperature are the freezing and boiling points of water.
true
You cannot touch something with out it touching you right back.
true
The part of the electrical power plant that where thermal energy (fossil fuel) is converted into mechanical energy (motion), to spin the generator, is the
turbine
Momentum can be calculated by multiplying mass by
velocity
On a position-time graph slope (steepness of the line) is equal to the
velocity
Which quantity is a vector?
velocity
Which of the following is not a method of thermal energy transfer? *
ventilation
responsible for nuclear decay, radioactivity, when unbalanced in the nucleus of the atom
weak nuclear force,
The force of the earth's gravitational attraction for any object on, below, or above the earth's surface.
weight
The gravitational force exerted by a large body, such as the Earth, on a small object near its surface is commonly referred to as the __________ of the small object.
weight
On motion graphs (i.e., distance-time graphs or velocity-time graphs) time is always plotted on the ________
x-axis
For an object with mass to have no momentum its velocity must be
zero
