Physical Science Ch. 5

A machine can never be 100 percent efficient because some energy is lost as waste heat. A) True B) False

A) True

In a forced-air heating system, the warm air circulates by convection. A) True B) False

A) True

Refrigerators work because the heat flows spontaneously from warmer food to the colder air inside the refrigerator. A) True B) False

A) True

Solar energy can be changed into thermal energy without any work being done. A) True B) False

A) True

The magnitude of one degree Celsius is the same as one Kelvin. A) True B) False

A) True

Winds are examples of convection currents. A) True B) False

A) True

Solar collectors are parts of a(n) ____. A) active solar heating system B) external combustion engine C) radiant heating system D) passive solar heating system

A) active solar heating system

All of the following are good conductors of heat EXCEPT ____. A) air B) aluminum C) copper D) silver

A) air

Which of the following would be the best insulator? A) air B) aluminum C) copper D) silver

A) air

The process by which engine fuels burn is called ____. A) combustion B) condensation C) conduction D) convection

A) combustion

Which is the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact of particles? A) conduction B) radiation C) convection D) specific heat

A) conduction

Water makes a good coolant because it has a ____. A) high specific heat B) high boiling point C) low specific heat D) low freezing point

A) high specific heat

Which is an example of heating through convection? A) warm air rising toward the ceiling B) touching a hot stove C) using a greenhouse to grow plants in winter D) The sun heats up the inside of a car

A) warm air rising toward the ceiling

A heat pump works because it does not have to obey the second law of thermodynamics. A) True B) False

B) False

A hot object has more thermal energy than a similar cold object only because of greater kinetic energy. A) True B) False

B) False

Conduction is the transfer of energy by the bulk movement of matter. A) True B) False

B) False

Heat is a measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object. A) True B) False

B) False

In a gas kept at a constant temperature, all molecules move with the same speed. A) True B) False

B) False

In a vacuum flask, the vacuum helps in reducing heat loss due to radiation. A) True B) False

B) False

In an internal combustion engine, fuel burns outside the engine in chambers called cylinders. A) True B) False

B) False

Radiation is the transfer of energy in the form of particles. A) True B) False

B) False

Shiny materials absorb radiant energy. A) True B) False

B) False

The amount of thermal energy transferred between objects depends only on their masses and initial and final temperatures. A) True B) False

B) False

The temperature of a bottle containing water rises when it is shaken vigorously since shaking adds heat to the system A) True B) False

B) False

The temperature of a system must increase when heat is added. A) True B) False

B) False

When the same amount of thermal energy is added to both an object with high specific heat and an object with low specific heat, the object with a high specific heat will increase in temperature more than the object with a low specific heat. A) True B) False

B) False

When a closed tin is heated, the pressure inside it increases. This happens because: A) The number of molecules increases on heating. B) The molecules move faster and each molecule strikes the walls of the tin more often. Feedback: Correct! C) The molecules become heavier and strike the walls of the tin harder. D) The molecules now collide more with the walls of the tin than among themselves.

B) The molecules move faster and each molecule strikes the walls of the tin more often.

When a cold can of soda is insulated, the heat flow into the can on a hot day ____. A) increases B) decreases C) stays the same D) both b and c

B) decreases

Refrigerators and air conditioners are examples of ____. A) heat engines B) heat movers C) heat pumps D) solar collectors

B) heat movers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of strokes in a four-stroke engine? A) compression, intake, exhaust, power B) intake, compression, power, exhaust C) intake, exhaust, power, compression D) intake, power, compression, exhaust

B) intake, compression, power, exhaust

The inside surface of the glass inside a vacuum bottle is coated with aluminum to prevent heat loss by ____. A) combustion B) radiation C) conduction D) convection

B) radiation

The transfer of energy that does NOT require matter is ____. A) combustion B) radiation C) conduction D) convection

B) radiation

Heat is thermal energy transferred from one object to another because of a difference in ____. A) mass B) temperature C) volume D) potential energy

B) temperature

Heat is ____ energy that is transferred from one object at a certain temperature to another at a different temperature. A) kinetic B) thermal C) solar D) electromagnetic

B) thermal

Which is an example of heating through conduction? A) a ceiling fan pushes warm air downwards in winter B) touching a hot stove C) using a greenhouse to grow plants in winter D) The sun heats up the inside of a car

B) touching a hot stove

A material that reduces the flow of heat by conduction, convection, and radiation is ____. A) a conductor B) condensation C) an insulator D) a solar collector

C) an insulator

A heat engine ____. A) changes mechanical energy to thermal energy B) changes mechanical energy into electrical energy C) changes thermal energy into mechanical energy D) changes kinetic energy into thermal energy

C) changes thermal energy into mechanical energy

When a pot of water is put on a stove, the water at the top gets hot primarily by ____. A) radiation B) conduction C) convection D) condensation

C) convection

Which is the transfer of thermal energy through the motion of particles caused by temperature differences? A) conduction B) radiation C) convection D) specific heat

C) convection

Most materials ____ when they are heated. A) condense B) freeze C) expand D) contract

C) expand

A device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy is a ____. A) conductor B) refrigerator C) heat engine D) heat mover

C) heat engine

A device that can be used both for cooling and heating is a ____. A) heat engine B) compressor C) heat pump D) vaporizer

C) heat pump

Gasoline engines and diesel engines are ____. A) insulators B) external combustion engines C) internal combustion engines D) heat movers

C) internal combustion engines

Energy from the Sun travels to Earth as ____. A) chemical energy B) combustion C) radiant energy D) mechanical energy

C) radiant energy

Through which of the following will convection most likely occur? A) liquids and gases B) solids and liquids C) solids D) solids and gases

C) solids

The thermal energy of an object is ____. A) its potential energy B) its average kinetic energy C) its potential energy minus its kinetic energy D) its kinetic energy plus its potential energy

D) its kinetic energy plus its potential energy

Fast food restaurants keep food hot with infrared lamps. The heat is transferred to the food by ____. A) condensation B) conduction C) convection D) radiation

D) radiation

Temperature is a measure of ____ of the particles in an object. A) the difference between the potential and kinetic energy B) the sum of the potential and kinetic energy C) the average potential energy D) the average kinetic energy

D) the average kinetic energy

Why would wearing several layers of clothing keep you warmer than wearing one heavy coat?

More layers of clothing will keep the heat in vs. just one heavy coat.

At a given temperature, do all the molecules of a substance have the same kinetic energy?

No, some molecules can have more energy than others.

James states that the Second Law of Thermodynamics is violated when plants grow, because the mature plant is more organized. Do you agree with James? Explain your response.

No. the second law doesn't violate anything in the universe.

large tank for storing water heated by the Sun and pumps to move the water

active solar

heated coils in ceilings and floors heat the surrounding air by conduction

electric heating system

fan moves warm air

forced air

most common type of heating system

forced air

large windows on south side of building

passive solar

a closed metal container containing hot water or steam

radiator