Physical Science
One liter of water has a mass of
1 Kg
What is the approximate mass of a 1-square centimeter column of air that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere?
1 Kg
What is the buoyant force acting on a 10-ton ship floating in a fresh-water lake
10 Tons
Which of these has the greatest density
100 kg of gold
What is the weight of water displaced by a 100-ton floating ship?
100 tons
It would be easier to pull evacuated Magdeburg hemispheres apart if they were
2 km above the ocean surface
A volume of helium gas has a temperature of 0°C. The same gas twice as hot has a temperature of
273°C.
Increasing the temperature of 50 grams of water by 1°C requires
50 calories
Objects that are good radiators generally
Absorb radiation relatively well
When ice changes phase to become water, energy is
Absorbed
The pupil of your eye is a net
Absorber of radiant energy
When a liquid changes phase to a gas, it
Absorbs energy
Pour a liter of 40°C water at into a liter of 20°C water and the final temperature of the two liters becomes
At or about 30°C.
A swimmer cannot snorkel more than a meter deep because air
At the surface will not freely enter the higher-pressure region in the compressed lungs.
Substances are composed of tiny particles. Temperature is related mostly to the particlesʹ
Average translational kinetic energy
If the volume of an object were to double with no change in mass, its density would
Be Half
As entropy in a system increases, energy within the system
Becomes less ordered
As a helium- filled balloon rises in the air, it becomes
Bigger
Cold water will warm to room temperature faster in a
Black Pot
Heat energy is measured in units of
Both joules and calories
Water pressure is greatest against the
Bottom of a submerged object
If the part of an iceberg that extends above the water were suddenly removed, the
Buoyant force on the iceberg would soon decrease.
On which temperature scale is 0 degrees the freezing point of water?
Celsius
An empty jar is pushed open side downward into water so that air trapped inside canʹt escape. As it is pushed deeper, the buoyant force on the jar
Decreases
As a swimmer dives deeper and deeper, strictly speaking, the volume of water displaced by the swimmer actually
Decreases
If glass expanded more than mercury, then the column of mercury in a thermometer would rise when the temperature
Decreases
The pressure in a liquid depends on liquid
Depth and Density
Suppose water from a tall tower supplies a nearby home. If water faucets upstairs and downstairs are turned fully on, will more water per second flow from the downstairs or the upstairs faucet? Or will water flow in each be the same?
Downstairs
Consider a sample of water at 20°C. If the temperature is slightly increased, the water
Expands
If the temperature of a sample of 0°C water slightly increases, the sample of water
Expands
If the temperature of a sample of 4°C water slightly decreases, the sample of water
Expands
Blood Pressure is normally greater in your
Feet
Which law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of energy as it applies to thermal systems?
First Law
The process of convection occurs in
Fluids
Very importantly, a hydraulic press can multiply
Forces
When you touch a hot penny in sunlight with your finger, energy flows
From the penny to your finger
Lobsters live on the bottom of the ocean. Compared with the density of seawater, the density of a lobster is
Greater
If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 2-liter and a 4-liter container of water, the temperature change for water in the 4-liter container will be
Half that of the 2-liter container
Heat is thermal energy that flows from
High energy to low energy
A barometer can be made with water. Compared with a mercury barometer, the column height for a water barometer would be
Higher
When a boat sails from fresh water to salt water, the boat will float
Higher in the water
Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has
Higher temperature but less thermal energy
Suppose you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an egg beater. The temperature of the eggs will
Increase
Because a refrigerator operates with some kind of motor, leaving the refrigerator door open in a closed room on a hot day
Increase room temperature
Your toes feel warmer on a rug than on a tile floor because the rug
Is a better insulator than tile
When a gas container explains to twice its volume, its density
Is half
In a vacuum, a marshmallow becomes
Larger
A block of styrofoam floats on water while a same size block of lead lies submerged in the water. The buoyant force is greatest on the
Lead
A lobster crawls onto a bathroom scale submerged on the ocean bottom. Compared to its weight above the surface, its apparent weight under water is
Less
Pumice is a volcanic rock that floats. Compared with the density of water, its density is
Less
A liter-sized block of ordinary wood floats in water. The volume of water displaced is
Less than 1 L
If a poor absorber of radiation were a good emitter, its temperature would be
Less than its surroundings
Metals are both good heat and electrical conductors due to
Looseness of outer electronic in metal atoms
Whether one object is warmer than another object has most to do with
Molecular Kinetic Energy
Compared to the density of a kilogram of feather, the density of a kilogram of lead is
More
When water in a brook or a system of pipes flows from a wide region to a narrow region, the speed of water in the narrow region is
More
More disorder means
More entropy
The overflow spillage of gasoline from a carʹs full tank on a hot day is evidence that gasoline expands
More than the tank metal
A common 5-L metal can will float in air if it is
Nonsense! Unless the can and displaced air weigh the same, the can can't float in air
The open spaces in the crystal lattice of ice contain
Nothing
Which is the smallest unit of measurement for temperature?
One Fahrenheit degree
If on caisson of the Falkirk wheel carries a boat loaded with styrofoam and the other carries a floating boat loaded with iron, the wheel would be
Out of balance
The buoyant force on an object is less when the object is
Partially submerged
A good reflector of radiation is a
Poor absorber of radiation
A good heat conductor is a
Poor insulator
When you stand on tiptoes on a bathroom scale, there is an increase in
Pressure on the scale not registered as weight
Buoyant force acts upward on a submerged object because
Pressure up on bottom is greater than downward pressure on the top of the object
When a suction cup sticks to a wall it is
Pushed to the wall by the atmosphere
The silver coating on the glass surfaces of a Thermos bottle reduces energy that is transferred by
Radiation
An researcher discovers a harmless and tasteless salt, which, when added to water changes its boiling point. The market value for this salt will be best if the salt
Raise the boiling point of water
When an ice cube in a glass of water melts, the water level
Remains the same
A boat loaded with wood floats in a swimming pool. When the wood is thrown overboard, the pool level
Remains unchanged
Two life preservers have identical volumes, one filled with styrofoam and the other filled with sand. When both preservers are fully submerged, the buoyant force is greater on the one filled with
Same on each if volumes remain the same
Two life preservers have identical volumes, one filled with Styrofoam and the other filled with sand. When each is worn by swimmers, one swimmer floats and the other sinks. Interestingly, the buoyant force is actually greater on the life preserver that
Sinks
Strictly speaking, gas pressure inside an inflated stretched balloon is
Slightly greater than air pressure outside the balloon
A good insulator
Slows heat transfer
Ice tends to form at the
Surface of bodies of water
An is egg is placed at the bottom of a bowl filled with water. Salt is slowly added to the water and the egg rises and floats. From this experiment, we conclude that
The density of salt water exceeds the density of the egg
The white-hot sparks from a fireworks sparkler that strike your skin donʹt cause injury because
The energy per molecule is high, but total energy transferred is small
A piece of iron and a cup of water both have the same temperature. If they are heated so the thermal energy of each doubles
The iron will have the higher temperature
If a pressure of 20 kPa is applied to one piston in a simple hydraulic device, the pressure on a piston of larger area will be
The same 20 kPa
Does a 3-meter deep lake or a 6-meter deep small pond exert more pressure on a dam?
The six-meter deep small pond
Heat is simply another word for
Thermal energy that flows from hot to cold
When you place a sealed can of air on a hot stove burner, the can undergoes an increase in
Thermal energy, temperature and pressure
The fact that a thermometer ʺtakes its own temperatureʺ illustrates
Thermal equilibrium
Two cans are placed apart on straws. When air is blown in-between the cans, what will they do?
They will move toward each other
Consider two mercury barometers, one with twice the cross-section area of the other. Mercury in the wider tube will rise
To the same height as in the narrow tube
The motion of molecules that most affects temperature is
Translational Motion
When a chocolate bar is cut in half, its density is
Unchanged
A change in pressure at any point in a confined fluid at rest is transmitted
Undiminished to all points in the fluid
Convection currents in the air near a seashore are produced by
Unequal heating of land and water.
Water at 4°C will expand when it is slightly
Warmed and Cooled
The density of a submarine cruising beneath the ocean surface has same density as
Water
During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst because
Water expands when freezing
Atmospheric pressure is caused by the
Weight of Earth's atmosphere
A rising balloon is buoyed up with a force equal to the
Weight of air it displaces
A metal ring with a gap in it is shaped like the letter C. When heated, the gap becomes
Wider
Is there a buoyant force acting on your classmates at this moment? Defend your answer.
Yes, but it is insignificant compared with their weights
The thermal energy in a substance is related mostly to the
average translational kinetic energy of particles. total kinetic energy of particles. average potential energy of particles. movement of energy from particle to particle. NONE OF THE ABOVE *
Which of the following expands most when the temperature is lowered? Equal volumes of
water at 4°C.