Physics B
Marta, Cato, and Juan plan a skit to illustrate one of the methods of charging. Marta and Cato are walking together. Each has one flower and one box of candy. Juan offers Cato a huge bouquet of flowers, but Cato can't take it because his hands are full. Cato hands his flower to Marta and then turns to Juan to take the bouquet. Marta walks away in one direction with two flowers and one box of candy. Juan keeps the bouquet and walks away in the other direction. Cato looks sad standing alone with only a box of candy. How does the skit model a method of charging?
It models induction because the offer of flowers represents a charged object that causes an electron (a flower) to transfer from one object to another.
Which statement describes the magnetic field inside a bar magnet?
It points from south to north.
A ray diagram is shown. Which best explains why the diagram shows refraction but not reflection?
It shows the ray passing through the boundary.
The diagram shows a nail before and after a procedure was done. Which statement best explains what was likely done to the nail?
It was struck repeatedly, which caused the domains to randomize and the nail to become nonmagnetic.
The diagram shows a simple electric generator that Keisha is studying. As Keisha runs the generator, which best describes what should happen to the needle that measures electric current?
It will move back and forth between a large positive and a large negative value.
What is the electric field between two parallel plates if the electric potential difference between the plates is 24 V and the plates are 65 mm apart?
Its electric potential energy stays the same because it has the same electric potential.
Which best describes the electric field created by a positive charge?
Its rays point away from the charge.
Carlos arranges his notes about radioactive decay in a graphic organizer. He wants to add the labels shown. Label 1: Photon Label 2: Positron Label 3: No change in mass number Which is the best region for each label?
Label 1: X Label 2: Z Label 3: Y
Maria makes a graphic organizer to compare open, closed, and short circuits. She adds the labels shown. Label 1: Current flows in the circuit. Label 2: This forms when a bulb burns out. In which region should she place each label?
Label 1: Y Label 2: W
Lexy and Jin study the diagram shown. Lexy says that the diffraction angle is the one labeled R, and Jin says that the diffraction angle is the one labeled S. Which best explains who is correct?
Lexy is correct because angle R is between the incident wave, n = 0, and a diffracted wave.
Lexy says that the diffraction angle is the one labeled R, and Jin says that the diffraction angle is the one labeled S. Which best explains who is correct?
Lexy is correct because angle R is between the incident wave, n = 0, and a diffracted wave.
Which best describes what happens in an electric generator?
Motion causes constantly changing magnetic fields to induce electrical energy.
Frank and Lisa are analyzing the chart, which shows the speed at which light travels through different media. Frank says that light travels through diamond with the greatest frequency. Lisa says that light travels through air with the greatest frequency. Which best describes the accuracy of these statements?
Neither person is correct because light does not change frequency when it travels through different media.
Mimi makes a table about the two types of beta decay. What error did Mimi make?
No change in mass number occurs in beta minus decay.
An incident ray of light strikes a diamond at an angle of 45°. The index of refraction of air is 1.0003 and the index of refraction of a diamond is 2.42. What is the angle of refraction rounded to the nearest whole number?
17 degrees
Calcium-51 has a half-life of 4.5 days. Only 0.75 gram remains of a sample that was initially 12 grams. How old is the sample of calcium-51?
18 days
A circuit has a current of 3.6 A and a resistance of 5.0 Ω. What is the voltage applied to the circuit?
18 v
A ceiling fan draws a current of 0.625 A and has a voltage of 120 V. The resistance of the ceiling fan, to the nearest whole number, is
192
A source charge generates an electric field of 1236 N/C at a distance of 4 m. What is the magnitude of the source charge?
2.2 µC
A point charge of 5.0 × 10-7 C moves to the right at 2.6 × 105 m/s in a magnetic field that is directed into the screen and has a field strength of 1.8 × 10-2 T. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force acting on the charge?
2.3 × 10-3 N
A transverse wave with a frequency of 125 Hz is traveling in the x-direction. How long will it take this wave to travel 3000 m in the x-direction?
2.4 seconds
A proton is moved from a position where the electric potential is 125 V to a position where the electric potential is 275 V. The magnitude of the charge on a proton is 1.602 × 10-19 C.What is the change in electric potential energy of the proton?
2.4 × 10-17 J
What is the strength of the electric field 0.020 m from a 12 µC charge?
2.7 × 108 N/C
A charge of 8.5 × 10-6 C is in an electric field that has a strength of 3.2 × 105 N/C. What is the electric force acting on the charge?
2.7n
A charge of 6.4 × 10-7 C experiences an electric force of 1.8 × 10-1 N. What is the electric field strength?
2.8 × 105 N/C
Sound travels slowest through what temperature of water?
20 C
Sound travels slowest through what temperature of water?
20c
The strength of the electric field 0.5 m from a 6 µC charge is ___ N/C. (Use k = 8.99 × 109 N• and round answer to the nearest whole number.)
215,760
An incident ray of light strikes water at an angle of 30°. The index of refraction of air is 1.0003, and the index of refraction of water is 1.33.
22
A power source that provides a current of 1.6 A to two 5 Ω resistors connected in series is moved to a parallel circuit that consists of three identical resistors. In the parallel circuit, the overall current is 2.0 A. The value of a resistor used in the parallel circuit is Ω.
24
The voltage across the primary winding is 6000 V. If the primary winding has 50 coils and the secondary winding has 20 coils, what is the secondary voltage?
2400 v
A 60-g sample of radioactive isotope is measured after two half-lives have passed. What pair of percentages describes the sample after two half-lives?
25% unchanged and 75% stable
The speed of sound through argon is shown. If argon could exist as a solid, what would best represent the speed through solid argon?
250 m/s
A point charge of 6.0 C is placed 5.0 mm from a rod that has an electric field of 2.4 N/C. The electric potential energy of the point charge (rounded to two significant figures) is
2880 Joules
The circuit diagram shows a circuit containing several different components. Which correctly describes the number of one type of component in this circuit?
3 resistors
What is the value of the charge that experiences a force of 2.4 × 10-3 N in an electric field of 6.8 × 10-5 N/C?
3.5 × 101 C
A circuit carries a current of 0.64 A when there is a resistance of 50.0 Ω. The voltage applied to the circuit, to the nearest whole number, is
32 v
A flute plays a note with a frequency of 266 Hz. What is the speed of sound if the wavelength is 1.3 m?
346 m/s
What is the electric field between two parallel plates if the electric potential difference between the plates is 24 V and the plates are 65 mm apart?
369 n/c
A circuit has a resistance of 2.5 Ω and is powered by a 12.0 V battery. The current in the circuit, to the nearest tenth, is
4.8 A
A charge of 40 µC is pushed by a force of 15 µN a distance of 1.3 mm in an electric field. what is the electric potential difference.
4.9 × 10-4 V
What is the approximate wavelength of a light whose second-order dark band forms a diffraction angle of 15.0° when it passes through a diffraction grating that has 250.0 lines per mm?
414 nm
A series circuit contains three 2 Ω resistors and a 6 Ω resistor. The current in each resistor is 4.0 A. What is the voltage of the battery in the circuit?
48 volts
A photon has 3.4 × 10-18 joules of energy. Planck's constant is 6.63 × 10-34 J•s. What is the frequency of the photon?
5.12 × 1015 Hz
What is the electric potential at a distance of 1.2 m from a 7.5 µC point charge?
5.6 × 104 V
Three charges are arranged as shown in the diagram. The magnitude of the net electrical force acting on the +6 µC charge, rounded to the tenths place, is
5.7n
Yellow light has a frequency of 5.2 × 1014 Hz and travels at a speed of 3.0 × 108 m/s. What is the wavelength of yellow light, in meters?
5.8 × 10-7 m
A charge of +0.08 C moves to the right due to a 4 N force exerted by an electric field. What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field?
50 N/C right
A charge of +0.08 C moves to the right due to a 4 N force exerted by an electric field. What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field?
50 n/c right
A van is traveling at a speed of 55 km/h. A girl sitting near the driver of the van throws a paper airplane to a boy at the back of the van with a speed of 2 km/h. The speed of the paper airplane, to the nearest whole number relative to the boy, is
53 km/h
A point charge of 8.0 C is placed 0.050 m from a rod that has an electric field of 1.5 × 103 N/C.
6.0 × 10-4 J
A point charge of 8.0 C is placed 0.050 m from a rod that has an electric field of 1.5 × 103 N/C. What is the electric potential energy of the point charge?
6.0 × 10-4 J
A point charge of 5.7 µC moves at 4.5 × 105 m/s in a magnetic field that has a field strength of 3.2 mT, as shown in the diagram. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force acting on the charge?
6.6 × 10-3 N
the electric field between two parallel plates has a magnitude of 1250 N/C. The positive plate is 0.05 m away from the negative plate. The electric potential difference between the plates, rounded to the tenths place, is
62.5
The electric field between two parallel plates has a magnitude of 1250 N/C. The positive plate is 0.05 m away from the negative plate. The electric potential difference between the plates, rounded to the tenths place, is
62.5 v
A light with a second-order dark band forms a diffraction angle of 20.0°. The diffraction grating has 200.0 lines per mm.
684 nm
in 12 s, a wire delivers 96 C of charge. The current in the wire, to the nearest whole number, is
8 A
A force of 1.5 × 102 N is exerted on a charge of 1.4 × 10-7 C that is traveling at an angle of 75° to a magnetic field. If the charge is moving at 1.3 × 106 m/s, what is the magnetic field strength?
8.2 × 102 T
A force of 1.5 × 102 N is exerted on a charge of 1.4 × 10-7 C that is traveling at an angle of 75° to a magnetic field. If the charge is moving at 1.3 × 106 m/s, what is the magnetic field strength?
8.5 × 102 T
A charged particle moves at 2.5 × 104 m/s at an angle of 25° to a magnetic field that has a field strength of 8.1 × 10-2 T. If the magnetic force is 7.5 × 10-2 N, what is the magnitude of the charge?
8.8 × 10-5 C
The voltage across the secondary winding is 10,000 V, and the voltage across the primary winding is 25,000 V. If the primary winding has 200 coils, how many coils are in the secondary winding?
80 coils
How does charging by conduction occur?
A charged object touches a neutral object.
electromagnetic waves
A form of energy that can travel through space. do not need a medium to carry energy
What is the relationship between radiopharmaceuticals, tracers, and radionuclides?
A radionuclide is part of a radiopharmaceutical, which functions as a tracer.
Which is the best example of the wave phenomenon called transmission?
A street is seen through a window.
Which statement correctly describes the formation of an electric current?
A voltage causes electric charges to move from higher to lower potential.
Which are advantages of using nuclear reactors to generate electricity? Check all that apply.
Nuclear power has a high output. Nuclear power is readily available. Nuclear power produces relatively low carbon dioxide emissions.
How does charging by conduction compare with charging by induction?
Oppositely charged objects form in induction but not in conduction.
Which best compares concave and plane mirrors?
Plane mirrors produce only virtual images, and concave mirrors produce real and virtual images.
How do radiography and sonography compare?
Radiography uses ionizing radiation, but sonography does not.
incident ray X passes parallel to the principal axis of a concave lens. Incident ray Y passes parallel to the principal axis of a convex lens. How do the rays behave differently after passing through each lens?
Ray X appears as though it passed through the focal point in front of the lens, and ray Y passes through the focal point on the other side of the lens.
Two physics students are arguing about superconductors and their discovery. Jeffe says that he can use a thermometer and a plug that generates electric current to mimic the experiment and make a superconductor since the thermometer contains mercury. Sigorne says that he is wrong. Who should win the argument?
Sigorne, because Jeffe would have to cool the mercury as well
Which best explains why sound travels fastest through a solid?
Sound is a mechanical wave, so closer molecules in the medium cause energy to transfer faster.
Humberto builds two circuits using identical components. Circuit 1: A series circuit with three lightbulbs Circuit 2: A parallel circuit with three lightbulbs He then adds two more lightbulbs in a series with the bulbs in circuit 1 and two more lightbulbs on new branches in parallel with each bulb in circuit 2. What can he expect to see?
All bulbs in circuit 1 will shine more dimly than the original bulbs, while all bulbs in circuit 2 will have the same brightness as the original bulbs.
period
Amount of time it takes one wavelength to pass a point. seconds per cycle
Which describes the relationship between the frequency, wavelength, and speed of a wave as the wave travels through different media?
As speed changes, wavelength changes and frequency remains constant.
Which statement correctly describes the relationship between frequency and wavelength?
As the frequency of a wave increases, the wavelength decreases.
What is the main difference between the Schrödinger model and the Bohr atomic model?
Bohr believed electron orbits were circular, but Schrödinger's equations represent complex shapes describing the probable locations of electrons.
Which statements best characterize conductors? Check all that apply.
Conductors allow electricity to easily move through them. Metal is an example of a conductor.
As opposed to concave lenses, which characteristic of convex lenses makes them useful in microscopes?
Convex lenses can produce images larger than objects.
Which best compares convex and concave mirrors?
Convex mirrors produce only virtual images, and concave mirrors produce real and virtual images.
Kayla drew two ray diagrams to compare the behavior of light rays.
Diagram X shows refraction from a denser to a less dense medium, and diagram Y shows reflection.
Which equation represents mass-energy equivalence?
E = mc2
Rays of light strike a bumpy road and are reflected.
Each will reflect at an angle equal to its angle of incidence.
How are electric potential difference and electric potential energy related?
Electric potential difference is the difference in electric potential energy divided by the charge.
Yanni is sitting in the stands watching a football game. The quarterback runs forward toward the end zone and throws a pass straight downfield to a player for a touchdown. The quarterback ran at a speed of 8 m/s and threw the ball with a speed of 15 m/s.
For Yanni, the speed of the ball is 23 m/s, and for the quarterback, the speed of the ball is 15 m/s.
he graph shows all of the stable isotopes of elements according to the numbers of protons and neutrons in their nuclei. Which statements are supported by the graph? Check all that apply.
For large atoms, more neutrons than protons are needed to be stable, Nuclei that have 90 or greater protons are always radioactive.
Which statement describes why energy is released in a nuclear fission reaction based on mass-energy equivalence?
For large nuclei, the mass of the original nucleus is greater than the mass of the products.
During a lab, a student tapes a ruler to a lab table and sets the ruler in motion. A laser detector pointed at the ruler records how many times the ruler vibrates back and forth in a period of time.What is the order of trials from least to greatest pitch?
Four; Two; One; Three
Which describes Michael Faraday's work with electricity and magnetism?
He discovered electromagnetic induction after seeing a changing magnetic field generate an electric current.
Which describes Hans Oersted's work with electricity and magnetism?
He discovered electromagnetism after seeing a compass needle deflected by a flowing electric current.
Which scientist was working with mercury and discovered superconductors?
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
Which statement best describes the ideas of two scientists who studied properties of light?
Hertz extended Maxwell's idea that light is produced by the interaction of electric and magnetic fields.
Which statements describe the use of gamma rays to treat cancer? Check all that apply.
High-energy gamma rays are directed at a tumor from outside of the body. Gamma rays kill cancer cells in a tumor.
Which best describes reflection and refraction?
In reflection, rays bounce off a boundary, and in refraction, rays pass through a boundary.
How does the north pole of a magnet respond to the poles of other magnets?
It attracts the south pole and repels the north pole.
Daniel observed and compared some stars at night and recorded his observations in a chart. Daniel later discovered that star X is farther away from Earth than the other stars he observed, and star Z is closest to Earth. Which conclusion is best supported by Daniel's observations and discoveries?
Star X is more luminous than both stars Y and Z.
These two images show pairs of oppositely charged plates that create uniform electric fields. The strength of the field on the right is twice as strong as that of the field on the left. In the field on the left, a positive charge changes position as shown. In the field on the right, a negative charge that has twice the magnitude of the positive charge is placed midway between the plates. How can the negative charge be moved in order to cause both charges to have the same change in electric potential energy?
It can be moved 0.01 m toward the negative plate.
What hazard is associated with ionizing radiation?
It creates charged particles that can take part in chemical reactions in cells.
Which describes the magnetic field that forms when a wire carries an electric current?
It is in a cylinder around the wire.
How does the electrical force relate to the distance between two charged objects?
It is inversely proportional to the square of the distance.
What is the purpose of the metal core in an electromagnet?
It is magnetized by the field of the solenoid and increases the magnetic field strength.
How does a rubber rod become negatively charged through friction?
It is rubbed with another object, and electrons move onto the rod.
Savanna drew a diagram to show how radio waves are modified for use in the field of broadcasting. Which best describes Savanna's error?
The FM carrier waves should have different frequencies than the carrier waves, not different amplitudes.
uan is standing on the street. An ambulance moves toward him and then passes by. What best describes the pitch that Juan hears?
The pitch drops to a lower pitch once the ambulance passes by Juan.
Which is true of a step-down transformer but not a step-up transformer?
The primary winding has more coils than the secondary winding.
The radiopharmaceutical must localize to the specific organ or tissue to be imaged. The radiopharmaceutical must be able to block X-rays to create the image.
The radiopharmaceutical must localize to the specific organ or tissue to be imaged.
Why is the choice of a radiopharmaceutical important in radioisotope imaging?
The radiopharmaceutical must localize to the specific organ or tissue to be imaged. ?
Colin is writing a story in which a spy damages a fusion nuclear reactor, the reaction runs out of control, and the reactor explodes like a fusion bomb. Why is his idea for the story unlikely to be accurate?
The reaction would quickly stop once the temperature and pressure dropped.
Which statement is supported by Einstein's postulates of special relativity?
The speed of light through empty space is constant regardless of the state of motion of the observer.
Alyssa is carrying a water balloon while running down a field at a speed of 14 m/s. She tosses the water balloon forward toward a bucket with a speed of 23 m/s. Alyssa's friend Naya is standing still next to the field.
The speed of the balloon is 23 m/s for Alyssa and 37 m/s for Naya.
Franny made a chart to summarize the characteristics of the two nuclear forces. Which describes the error in her chart?
The strong nuclear force keeps protons and electrons together in an atom, not protons and neutrons.
The cause of a fire in a computer is described as an incorrectly wired circuit. Which statement best explains the likely cause of the fire?
The wiring contained an open circuit, so the reduced resistance caused an increase in current.
Hiro wants to model the magnetic field of a bar magnet using a shoe box and pipe cleaners. He labels the ends of the shoe box N and S. How should he position the pipe cleaners? Check all that apply.
They should exit the box at N and enter at S. - They should be put inside the box so the two ends join. - They should form loops outside of the box over the top, bottom, and sides of the box.
Which statement does Einstein's theory promote about space and time?
Time and space depend on reference frames, but the speed of light does not.
Which equation is used to calculate the electric potential in an electric field from a point charge?
V = k a/d
The diagram represents wavelengths of different colors of visible light that pass by in a specific time period.Which color of light has the greatest frequency? (waves very close to eachother)
Violet
Which theory was contradicted by experiments with the photoelectric effect?
Visible light, regardless of color, will cause the ejection of electrons when striking metal.
Wave Y and wave Z are two types of electromagnetic waves traveling through a vacuum. Suppose the frequency of wave Y is about three times greater than the frequency of wave Z
Wave Y transfers about three times the amount of energy as wave Z because energy and frequency have a direct relationship.
All parts of the electromagnetic spectrum travel at a speed of 3 × 108 m/s when traveling through no medium. A "vacuum" means that there is no medium, such as a tube without any air in it. Therefore, 3 × 108 m/s is said to be the speed of light in a vacuum. If an electromagnetic wave's frequency doubles in a vacuum, what are the other effects on the wave?
Wavelength divides in half and speed stays the same.
Which best describes electromagnetic waves moving from gamma rays to radio waves along the electromagnetic spectrum?
Wavelength increases, and frequency decreases.
Which two electromagnetic waves are useful for diagnosing illnesses?
X-rays and radio waves
he magnetic field 0.01 m from a wire carrying a current of 20 A is 0.004 T. The current in the wire and the distance from the wire are changed, as recorded in the table.
X: 0.002 Y: 0.006
Kiki makes a table to compare the particles in a magnesium atom to those in a magnesium ion.
X: 12 Y: 12 Z: 14
Alana drew a diagram to compare the life cycles of low-mass and high-mass stars. Which labels belong in the areas marked X, Y, and Z?
X: A white dwarf is part of the cycle. Y: Nuclear fusion forms hydrogen in the main sequence star. Z: A supernova is part of the cycle.
Elena makes a table to organize the functions of electric motor components. Which functions belong in the cells marked X and Y?
X: Allows current to flow into the commutator Y: Conducts current to the armature and reverses direction of current
Trina makes a diagram to summarize how to use the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the magnetic force on each type of charge. Which labels belong in the regions marked X, Y, and Z?
X: Back of hand, for force Y: Thumb, for velocity Z: Palm of hand, for force
Gazala makes a graphic organizer to compare nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Which labels belong in the regions marked X and Y?
X: Converts mass into energy Y: Is controlled by neutron absorption
felix made a chart listing the uses for two types of mirrors.
X: Convex Y: Concave
Dierdre drew a diagram to compare the three types of mirrors. Which labels belong in the areas marked X, Y, and Z?
X: Curves outward Y: Image may be smaller than object Z: Image is always virtual
Dierdre drew a diagram to compare the three types of mirrors. Which labels belong in the areas marked X, Y, and Z?
X: Curves outward Y: Image may be smaller than object Z: Image is always virtual
Mark creates a graphic organizer to review his notes about electrical force. Which labels belong in the regions marked X and Y?
X: Decreasing to half will quadruple force Y: Doubling will double force
Lionel makes a graphic organizer to compare the electric field around a positive charge with the electric field around a negative charge. Which labels belong in regions X, Y, and Z?
X: Points away from the charge Y: Points in the direction of the force on the positive charge Z: Points toward the charge
Sadira makes a graphic organizer to show how geologists and archaeologists use radioisotopes.
X: Uses uranium-238 Y: Determines ages of objects
Serena draws a diagram to compare what happens when rays hit a boundary and are either reflected or refracted. Which labels belong in the areas marked X, Y, and Z?
X: ray bounces off a boundary and maintains constant speed Y: ray changes direction Z: ray passes through a boundary and changes speed
Which diagram best shows the perceived sound wave heard by a woman after a police car has passed her?
a
Which transition by an electron will release the greatest amount of energy?
a
This circuit diagram lacks a basic feature of a circuit. Which basic feature is missing from the circuit
a device that uses energy
wave
a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another
When the north pole of a bar magnet is moved into a solenoid, the needle on a galvanometer attached to the solenoid moves to the left, indicating that a current is produced. The magnet is then pulled out at a faster speed. What will be the result?
a larger current in the opposite direction
What are the starting materials for nuclear fission?
a neutron and a large nucleus
Which are examples of resonance? Check all that apply.
a note being played on a saxophone an opera singer breaking a glass with her voice a person pushing a swing at the rate it naturally oscillates back and forth
A circuit featuring multiple paths through which current can flow is best classified into which category?
a parallel circuit
After hearing about an accident on his normal route, Mr. Gujral checks for alternate routes to get to work. What type of circuit does this traffic situation model?
a parallel circuit because there is more than one path
rarefaction
a part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart
An electric field is represented by the force on which particle?
a positive test charge
What is the smallest packet of electromagnetic energy that can be absorbed or emitted?
a quantum
Which characteristics of a radioisotope make it useful for diagnosing medical problems?
a short half-life and it is taken up by a specific part of the body
Which is the best example of the wave phenomenon called transmission?
a street is seen through a window
Uma wants to recreate the discovery of superconductivity. Which describes the materials needed?
a tool to drop temperatures, mercury, an electric current, and a tool to measure resistance
diffuse reflection
a type of reflection that occurs when light strikes a rough surface, resulting in the reflected light traveling in different directions
specular reflection
a type of reflection that occurs when light strikes a smooth surface, resulting in reflected light traveling in the same direction
Which will produce a magnetic field?
a wire carrying a current
f a soundproof door is almost shut but still leaves a small opening, what wave phenomenon is responsible for someone being able to hear sound from the room while standing by the wall to the side of the opening?
absorption
As part of the photoelectric effect, which of these is responsible for the pixels in an image on a digital camera?
accumulated electrons that are ejected by the image sensor
what is the unit for measuring electric current
ampere
What type of modulation is typically used by broadcasting stations to transmit pictures on television screens?
amplitude
which device converts kinetic energy into electrical energy
an electric generator
incident ray
an incoming light ray that strikes a surface
angle of refraction
angle between the refracted ray and the normal line
What does the letter X represent?
angle of incidence
A ray diagram is shown. What does represent?
angle of refraction
On a transmitter, a(n) _________ sends modulated carrier waves into the air.
antenna
What parts are found in an electric generator? Check all that apply.
armature, battery, electromagnet, brushes, slip rings
What type of spectrum is produced when electromagnetic radiation is emitted or absorbed as electrons change energy levels in an atom?
atomic
Val is comparing the gravitational force and the electromagnetic force.
attractive is repulsive has an infinite range produces light produces electricity
A longitudinal wave is shown. Which label identifies a rarefaction?
b
The two waves in the diagram are occupying the same place at the same time.At what time will the interfering waves have an amplitude of zero?
b
two wave pulses move toward each other along a rope. Which diagram shows the resulting wave when they cross at point X?
b
Jonas sees this symbol in a circuit diagram. Which circuit component does the symbol represent?
battery
Refraction
bends a wave as it passes through one medium to another, can speed up or slow down the wave
diffraction
bends and scatter waves as they hit an object or go through an opening, changes direction and spreads out energy
the amount of energy required to break a nucleus into individual protons and neutrons is called
binding energy
How are amplitude modulation and frequency modulation techniques similar?
both are used by radio stations to transmit sound
Which therapeutic application involves the placement of a pellet of radioactive material near a tumor?
brachytherapy
aylen draws a diagram to show the behavior of light as it passes through an opening. How can Jaylen correct the error in his diagram?
by drawing the arrows on the right side of the opening so they point outward instead of inward
How do electric field lines indicate the strength of the field?
by how close the lines are
A table of the visible light spectrum is shown below. Tyrone analyzes the emission spectrum of an unknown element. He observes two discrete lines at 600 nm and 650 nm, and he sees many lines corresponding to shorter wavelengths, with the strongest line being at 475 nm. Which emission spectrum is Tyrone most likely analyzing?
c
Radioisotopes often emit alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. The distance they travel through matter increases in order from alpha to gamma. Each radioisotope has a characteristic half-life, which is the time needed for half of a sample of radioisotope to undergo nuclear decay. The table lists isotopes of the element calcium. Based on the table, which isotope is best suited for use as a radioactive tracer for the body's use of calcium?
calcium-47
The diagram shows a device that uses radio waves. What is the role of the part in the diagram labeled Y?
capture, amplify, and demodulate waves
The table lists several radioisotopes that have technological uses.
carbon 14
Which therapy is associated with light, but not sound?
cauterizing an incision or wound
Which two technologies use the same range of radio wave frequencies?
cell phones and space communication
This diagram shows the magnetic field lines near the ends of two magnets. There is an error in the diagram. Which change will correct the error in the diagram?
changing the s to n
Which factors affect the electrical force between two objects?
charge and distance between them
The diagram shows the electric field due to point charge Q. The negative charge, A, is within the field. Which statements are correct? Check all that apply.
charge q is negative, electric field is non uniform, if charge a is negative it moves away from charge q
Trent builds a model electric motor. When he connects a battery to the motor, the motor spins through a half rotation and stops. Which is the most likely solution to the problem?
checking the commutator, because the current is not reversing
Which type of circuit is a continuous loop that allows the flow of current along its intended path?
closed
Which statement describes characteristics of a concave lens?
concave lens diverges light and curves inward
Barbara places an object in front of a mirror. The mirror produces an image that is inverted, real, and smaller than the object.
concave, because plane and convex mirrors produce only upright virtual images
Yoon Ki investigates electromagnetic induction by moving a bar magnet into a coil of wire. His experimental setup is shown. What change would most improve his results?
connecting the galvanometer to the coil
The diagram shows monochromatic light passing through two openings. What do the areas labeled X, Y, and Z represent?
constructive interference in which waves strengthen each other
Which statement describes characteristics of a convex lens?
converges light and curves outward
Which part of the table showing the relationship of the field of research to solid-state physics contains an error?
crystallography
Which imaging technique uses X-rays to make cross-sectional images of the body?
ct scan
What is the continuous flow of electric charge?
current
Which best describes the surface of a concave mirror?
curves inward
An absorption spectrum of oxygen is shown below. What is most likely the emission spectrum of oxygen?
d
Which change will decrease the speed of a sound wave traveling through a gaseous matter?
deceasing the temperature.
Selena made a diagram to compare and contrast transmitters and receivers. Which label belongs in the area marked X?
demodulates radio waves
normal
denotes an imaginary line perpendicular to a boundary that goes through the point where an incident ray strikes the boundary
The diagram shows monochromatic light passing through two openings. What do the areas labeled X and Y represent?
destructive interference in which waves cancel each other out
A lens focuses light at a single point called the focal point. What is responsible for the light rays coming together at the focal point?
diffraction
If a soundproof door is almost shut but still leaves a small opening, what wave phenomenon is responsible for someone being able to hear sound from the room while standing by the wall to the side of the opening?
diffraction
The fuzzy edges of shadows are a result of .
diffraction
The image shows water passing through a barrier. What type of wave activity is shown in the image?
diffraction
What interaction causes the water to spread as they pass through the rock opening?
diffraction
When light hits a rough surface and is reflected, it is called _______ reflection.
diffuse
A pair of opposite electric charges of equal magnitude is called a(n)
dipole
What best describes the relationship between wavelength and frequency in an electromagnetic wave?
directly proportional
wavelength
distance between two points
A cluster of atoms whose magnetic fields are aligned in the same direction is a magnetic
domain
Which is the destructive interference formula for diffraction grating problems?
dsin = (nplus 1/2)wavelength
What is a path through which electric charges travel?
electric circuit
Which device converts electrical energy into kinetic energy?
electric motor
A negative point charge, q, is placed near a positive charge, Q. The distance between the charges increases as q is moved farther from Q. Which quantity will decrease as q is moved away?
electric potential
Which is the electric potential energy of a charged particle divided by its charge?
electric potential
what is the work required to move a charge
electric potential
While solving a problem, Sue calculates an answer that has the units .
electric potential difference
The _____ force is responsible for the way that electrical charges and magnets interact with each other.
electromagnetic
Water molecules are made of slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms and slightly negatively charged oxygen atoms. Which force keeps water molecules stuck to one another?
electromagnetic
The generation of an electric current in a closed circuit by a changing magnetic field is .
electromagnetic induction
Carlos is studying the characteristics of a fundamental force. The force is sometimes repulsive and sometimes attractive.
electromagnetic or weak nuclear
The generation of a magnetic field by an electric current is
electromagnetism
J.J. Thompson is credited with discovering the
electron
The photoelectric effect occurs when ______ are emitted from metal when the metal is struck by light of certain frequencies.
electrons
Lidia makes a graphic organizer of the methods of charging. Which label belongs in the region marked X?
electrons move
reflection
energy is absorbed on one side and reemitted on the same side, bouncing of a wave off a surface or boundary between two media
What is the equation for calculating the electrical force, Fe, between two charges?
fe equals k a1a2/d
When using the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying wire, which part of the right hand points in the direction of the magnetic field?
fingers
the emission of light from radioisotope occurs during _____ decay
gamma
A patient is receiving treatments for brain cancer. Which electromagnetic waves are most likely being used as part of the treatment?
gamma ray
The bright light emission spectrums below are seen through a spectroscope. The unknown sample is a mixture of the observed gases. Which gases are found in the unknown sample?
gases Z and Y
Radioisotopes often emit alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. The distance they travel through matter increases in order from alpha to gamma. Each radioisotope has a characteristic half-life, which is the time needed for half of a sample of radioisotope to undergo nuclear decay. Which quality is desirable for a radioisotope that is used for medical imaging of a specific organ? Check all that apply.
half-life of several days, emission of gamma rays, ability to be attached to a compound used by the body
Eva makes a graphic organizer to compare electromagnets with solenoids. Which description belongs in the region marked X?
has a metal core
Which property makes radio waves ideal for carrying and transmitting data?
having long wavelengths
Which actions most likely cause the domains within a material to lose their alignment and become more randomized? Check all that apply.
heating the material, placing the material in a magnetic field of opposite polarity, hitting the material
amplitude
height from the midpoint of a wave to the crest or trough, the closer the particles in the wave the closer the higher the amplitude, the farther the particles the lower the amplitude.
What conditions are required for nuclear fusion?
high temperature and high pressure
crest
highest point of a wave
Scientists discovered that stars in the universe are mostly composed of which elements?
hydrogen and helium
Byron draws a ray diagram to show how an image is produced by a lens. Which describes Byron's error?
image should be smaller than object
Which change can make a generator stronger?
increasing the number of coils in the armature
Which change will increase the speed of a sound wave traveling in a solid aluminum rod?
increasing the temperature of the rod
Which lists the waves in order of wavelength, from longest to shortest?
infrared, visible light, gamma rays
A material that restricts the flow of electricity or thermal energy is a(n)
insulator
in 1940, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge across the Puget Sound collapsed. The bridge was a suspension bridge. The wind blowing through the narrows matched the natural frequency of the bridge. This resulted in a large movement of roadway, which eventually caused the bridge to fail.
interference, because constructive interference occurred when the wind frequency matched the natural frequency of the bridge
A wire runs left to right and carries a current in the direction shown. What is the direction of the magnetic field at point Z?
into the screen
A ray diagram without the produced image is shown. Which describes the image produced by the lens?
inverted and real
The presence of which element would indicate that a star is going through a high-mass star life cycle as opposed to a low-mass star life cycle?
iron
Xiang is comparing the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force. Which describes the weak nuclear force only? Check all that apply.
is repulsive, is weaker than the electromagnetic force
A student has an unknown sample. How can spectroscopy be used to identify the sample?
it can identify the elements in the sample
As the frequency of electromagnetic waves increases, what happens to the wavelength?
it decreases
Radioisotopes often emit one or more types of radiation, including alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. The distance the radiation travels through matter before being absorbed increases in order from alpha to gamma. Which statement describes the best radioisotope that can be used for radioisotope imaging and for radionuclide therapy?
it emits beta particles and gamma rays
An iron nail does not pick up paper clips as a magnet would. What can be concluded about the structure of the iron nail?
it has domains that are not aligned
Which best describes the weak nuclear force?
it is weaker than the strong nuclear force, with a smaller range than the electromagnetic force
The ray diagram shows a candle that is placed between the focal point and the mirror.
it will be larger and upright
Jasmine broke the antenna on her radio receiver. How will this most likely affect Jasmine's radio?
it will not capture modulated radio waves
How is an image produced by a plane mirror different than an image produced by a convex mirror?
its the same
Jason makes a graphic organizer for insulators and conductors and wants to add the following labels to it. Label 1: Lacks free electrons
label 1:x label 2:z
What did the accident at the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl in 1986 demonstrate about the use of nuclear power that had not been previously demonstrated?
large areas can be contaminated with radiation
What is the direction of the electric field at a point directly to the left of a positive charge, Q?
left
A charge is moving in a magnetic field that points to the left.
left, right
Which best describes cosmic microwave background radiation?
leftover radiation from the big bang
In the lens equation, the variable do represents the distance of the object from the .
lens
What best describes the refraction of light rays?
light bending when it passes through a lens
What are characteristics of absorption spectra? Check all that apply.
light is absorbed, which produces characteristic lines. Lines are produced by electrons being excited.
Which observation supports the idea that light is made of particles?
light moves in a straight path
A student is performing an experiment comparing sound and light waves. The student gathers the following data. What conclusion does the student most likely make based on this data?
light waves always travel the same speed; however, the speed of sound is determined by the medium that it travels through.
What best describes a sound wave?
longitudinal and mechanical
trough
lowest point on a wave
The Hertzsprung-Russel diagram is used to show the relationship between which two characteristics of stars?
luminosity and temperature
Before beginning an experiment, Mrs. Wilson warns her science class not to drop the bar magnets on the floor. What is the most likely reason for Mrs. Wilson's warning?
magnet might lose its magnetism
A positive charge, q1, of 5 µC is 3 × 10-2 m west of a positive charge, q2, of 2 µC. What is the magnitude and direction of the electrical force, Fe, applied by q1 on q2?
magnitude: 100n direction: east
A negative charge, q1, of 6 µC is 0.002 m north of a positive charge, q2, of 3 µC. What is the magnitude and direction of the electrical force, Fe, applied by q1 on q2?
magnitude: 4 × 104 N direction: north
Simon draws a diagram to illustrate the law of reflection. Which best explains how Simon can correct the error in his diagram?
make the angle of reflection and the angle of incidence equal
What cooled, solid material lead to the discovery of superconductors?
mercury
The process of changing a property of a wave to transmit information is called ____________
modulation
Suppose a rocket is traveling through space and moving at a speed close to the speed of light. Three minutes pass on the rocket as recorded by an observer on Earth.
more than three minutes because of time dilation
Which changes will cause an increase in the magnetic field of a solenoid? Check all that apply.
more wire hoops, larger current, decreasing the spacing between loops
longitudinal waves
move parallel to the wave
Tonya is modeling the discovery of electromagnetic induction. Which procedure should she use?
moving a magnet into a coil of wire in a closed circuit
snells law
n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2
What is the origin of all stars?
nebulae
Which are associated with nuclear fission but are not associated with nuclear fusion? Check all that apply.
neutrons striking nuclei a single large nucleus breaking apart two small nuclei forming
A scientist claims to be a solid-state physicist. She is working on electromagnetics and trying to see if she can create an electromagnetic field by causing different solutions to flow through a tube. Is this scientist a solid-state physicist?
no, because she is not working on the atomic structures of a solid
Gertrude writes a short story in which the main character must enter a nuclear-powered spaceship's engine room that has lost its shielding in order to prevent the engine from flooding the rest of the ship with radiation. The main character is not wearing protective gear. What effects are best for Gertrude to consider when planning what may happen to the character?
non-stochastic effects such as severe burns and radiation sickness resulting from the short-term, high-level exposure
Carla sees an equation that models a nuclear change. Which nuclear process does the equation illustrate?
nuclear fusion, because the equation shows two hydrogen nuclei combining to form a helium nucleus
absorption
occurs when matter takes in energy from a wave
destructive wave
occurs when two interfering waves have a displacement in the opposite direction, resulting wave has a lower amplitude and less energy
constructive interference
occurs when two interfering waves have a displacement in the same direction, resulting wave has a greater amplitude and more energy
interference
occurs when two waves meet while traveling along the same medium, when waves meet they can build on eachother or break down eachother
A noncontinuous loop that prevents the flow of current is a(n) ___ circuit.
open
transmission
passing of a wave through an object
Which is the best procedure to make a permanent magnet?
placing a magnetically hard material in a strong magnetic field
A process that modifies light waves so they vibrate in a single plane is referred to as ___
plane polarization
The ends of a magnet where the force is strongest are magnetic
poles
Which of these forms as part of the life cycles of both low-mass and high-mass stars as a result of a star-forming nebula collapsing and spinning?
protostar
Solid-state physics uses the _____ theory to understand how the large-scale properties of solids result from their atomic scale structure.
quantum
in 2010, scientists obtained an image of an asteroid that was dangerously close to Earth. Which technology did the scientists likely use to capture the image?
radio telescope, because it captures radio waves from space
A sound wave travels through air. In which regions are air molecules the least dense?
rarefractions
Leo places a plant in front of the center of curvature of a concave mirror. Which characteristics will the image of the plant have? Check all that apply.
real, inverted, smaller
Bethany and Joquin are discussing theories about the universe. Bethany believes that since the beginning of the universe, galaxies have been moving, and will continue to move, toward Earth. Joquin argues that galaxies have been moving away from Earth.
redshift
When a DVD is played, a laser light hits the surface of the disk and then returns to the detector.
reflection
the straw appears to "bend" because of __ (straw in glass of water)
refraction
A ray diagram shows the ray passing from medium 1 to medium 2. After passing into medium 2, the ray bends away from the normal. What does this ray diagram illustrate?
refraction with medium 1 denser than medium 2
What is the tendency of a material to oppose the flow of charge?
resistance
A student uses the right-hand rule as shown. What is the direction of the magnetic field in front of the wire closest to the student?
right
Which actions most likely cause the domains in a ferromagnetic material to align? Check all that apply.
rubbing the material against a magnet, passing electricity around the magnet, placing the material near a strong magnet
in a movie, the heroine saves the day by cutting a wire before the time runs out on a timer. How did she change the circuit?
she changed a closed circuit to an open cirquit
Which component is found only in electric generators and not in electric motors?
slip rings
A ray diagram without the produced image is shown. Which describes the image produced by the lens?
smaller than the object and upright
Which imaging techniques capture real-time images?
sonography and fluoroscopy
Which lists imaging techniques that use wave behaviors in order of increased risk of cancer from least risk to greatest?
sonography, X-ray radiography, CT scan
Which type of waves can be used to clear a blockage from small tubes in the kidneys?
sound waves and visible light
Which is a tool used by scientists to determine the composition of objects?
spectrometer
Which force is always attractive and has a very small range?
strong nuclear
A physics student is presenting a report on a material that can conduct an electrical current with no resistance. She explains that the uses of this material are limited since the material has to be very cold when used. Which best describes what the student's report was about?
super conductivity
imagine that the ability to cool materials down to below 200 K (-100° F) was not discovered until 1950. Which technology would that have most impacted?
superconductivity
A student arrives late to her physics class and misses the beginning of notes. These notes she takes are below. -discovered by Onnes in 1911 using mercury -allows for conductivity with no resistance -requires a very cold temperature What should she title her notes?
superconductors
Tristan is an engineer working on a design for a new roller coaster. He wants the car to shoot out of the station very fast but needs a superconductor to be able to accomplish this. He is looking at different materials to use on the tracks of the roller coaster. What is necessary for his material to function as a superconductor? Check all that apply.
t < Tc a solid metal conductivity a very cold temperature no resistance
What factors affect the speed of a wave? Check all that apply.
temperature and type of medium
The name of the SI unit for magnetic field strength, such as that created around a current-carrying wire, is the
tesla
angle of incidence
the angle between the incident ray and the normal line
angle of reflection
the angle between the reflected ray and the normal
scattering
the deflection of light waves in all directions as they collide with particles or gas molecules in the atmosphere
Which best explains what happens when an electron moves from an excited state to the ground state?
the electron releases energy as it moves to a lower energy level.
Arnold makes a chart to summarize what happens when light interacts with matter and is reflected.
the law of reflection is not followed in scattering
law of reflection
the law that states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
snell's law
the law that states the product of the angle of incidence and index of refraction in the medium light travels from is equal to the product of the angle of refraction and index of refraction in the medium light passes into
Dr. Harrod, a scientist, wants to replicate Onnes's 1911 experiment that lead to the discovery of superconductivity. She cools solid carbon dioxide down to 4.2 K and sends an electrical current through the material. She then measures the resistance.
the material
Dr. Harrod, a scientist, wants to replicate Onnes's 1911 experiment that lead to the discovery of superconductivity. She cools solid carbon dioxide down to 4.2 K and sends an electrical current through the material. She then measures the resistance. Where is the error in the scientist's work?
the material
index of refraction
the measure of how much light bends in a medium
Which change occurs when an atom undergoes alpha decay?
the nucleus loses mass and a new element is produced
Which best describes pitch?
the number of cycles per second perceived by the human ear
What best describes the speed of light waves in solids, liquids, and gases?
the speed is fastest in gases
When using the right-hand rule to determine the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying wire, the ____ of the right hand must point in the direction of the current.
thumb
According to the special theory of relativity, what is the fourth dimension?
time
The use of radioisotope imaging is best suited for which procedure?
to monitor the function of an enzyme in the cells of the pancreas
A device that increases or decreases the voltage of alternating current is a(n)
transformer
Which terms describe the purpose of antennas on devices that use radio waves?
transmit and receive
if the energy of the wave becomes part of the internal energy of the object, then the wave's energy is..
transmitted
An electric force exists between which pair of objects? Check all that apply.
two negative objects, two positive objects, a negative and a positive object
Which are most likely to be used during a routine visit to the dentist?
ultrasound and xray
A wire perpendicular to the screen carries a current in the direction shown. What is the direction of the magnetic field at point Z?
up
The diagram shows a positive charge moving in a magnetic field. In which direction is the magnetic force acting on the charge?
up
What is the direction of the electric field at a point directly below a negative charge, Q?
up
A ray diagram shows that an object is placed in front of a plane mirror. What are the characteristics of the image produced by the object?
upright, same size as object, virtual
A ray diagram shows that an object is placed between the focal point and the vertex of a convex mirror. What are the characteristics of the image produced by the object?
upright, smaller than object, virtual
An electric current is produced using a bar magnet and a solenoid. Which changes will cause a decrease in the electric current produced? Check all that apply.
using fewer wire loops in the solenoid, moving the magnet more slowly
Julia produces a 2 mA current by moving the south pole of a bar magnet into a solenoid. The solenoid contains 150 loops of wire. Which change should Julia make to generate a larger current?
using more loops of wire in the coil
Which change would reverse the direction of the electric current generated through electromagnetic induction?
using the opposite pole of magnet
Which equations represent the relationship between wavelength and frequency for a sound wave? Check all that apply.
v = f
Which equation is used to calculate the electric potential in an electric field from a point charge?
v equals k(q/d)
electric potential
v equals u/q volts equivalent to j/c or n*m/c
What is the abbreviation for the SI unit for electric potential?
v volts
Velocity formula
v=d/t
A sound wave is produced when a medium begins to
vibrate
Consider the ranges of pitches made by these instruments and vocals. In terms of the highest pitches they can make, which list correctly orders the instruments and vocals from highest to lowest?
violin, clarinet, French horn, tuba
Which lists the waves in order of frequency, from highest to lowest?
visible light, infrared, microwaves
Charges of +2 µC and +3 µC are 4 mm from each other. Raina's group draws four diagrams trying to represent the electrical force between the charges.
w
Keisha analyzes this circuit diagram. Which circuit component should Keisha use to start or stop the current in the circuit?
w
Radio stations use electromagnetic waves for broadcasting. The chart shows different frequencies of waves used by radio stations. Which radio station has the wave with the longest wavelength?
w
The diagram shows the electric field around two charged objects. What are the correct labels for the image?
w: negative x:negative
What is the SI unit for intensity?
watt
_______ is a line in which waves that are moving together are all in the same phase.
wave front
formula for wavelength
wavelength = propagation speed/frequency; l = c / ¦
transverse waves
waves move perpendicular
Which describes the results of the double slit experiment? Check all that apply.
waves produced a diffraction pattern, results supported the particle theory of light
mechanical waves
waves that require a medium to travel
Carbon-14 is a radioactive element that undergoes beta decay. Which force is responsible for allowing carbon-14 to become stable?
weak nuclear
Gazala makes the device shown in the diagram and uses it to pick up four paper clips on the point of the nail. What change would enable Gazala to pick up eight paper clips?
wrapping the wire around the nail more times
Pairs of magnets are shown in the diagram. Which pair of magnets is aligned so they will repel each other?
x
Roberto plans to use two transformers to reduce a voltage of 120 V to 4 V. He uses a transformer that has 300 coils in the primary winding and 50 coils in the secondary winding. He has four other transformers, as listed in the table. Which transformer should Roberto use to have an ending voltage of 4 V?
x
Three charges are located at the vertices of a triangle, as shown. Which vector best represents the net force acting on the +4 C charge in the diagram?
x
Bruce collects the data on four electric circuits listed in the table. Bruce must report any circuits that deliver more than 4.0 C of charge in 8.0 s. Which lists every circuit that Bruce must include in his report?
x and z
Current X is 2.5 A and runs for 39 seconds. Current Y is 3.8 A and runs for 24 seconds. Which current delivered more charge, and how much more charge did it deliver?
x delivered 6.3 c more than y
The diagram shows a charge moving into an electric field. The charge will most likely leave the electric field near which letter?
y
The diagram shows the electric field in the vicinity of a charge. At which point is the electric field strongest?
y
he diagram shows a spherical wave. Which letter represents a wavelet?
y
The diagram shows an image of an object being reflected off a plane mirror. Which letter represents the position of the object?
z
Four pairs of parallel plates are charged. An electron in each pair of plates is moved from the positive to the negative plate. The table shows the electric field and distance between the plates in each pair.Which lists the pairs of plates in order from least to greatest in terms of the work done to move the electron?
z,w,x,y
Which best explains why an MRI is useful for diagnosing cancer but ineffective in treating it?
The amount of energy carried by radio waves is enough to provide images but not enough to kill cells.
Jason sees a news report about a traffic jam caused by a truckload of tires that spilled across the road. The next day in class, he uses the traffic jam as an analogy to explain electric circuits to his friend. Which is most likely the analogy that Jason used?
The cars represent moving charges, and the spilled tires represent an increased resistance that causes the current to decrease.
A ray diagram is shown.
The diagram shows refraction, and medium 1 is less dense than medium 2.
A ray diagram is shown. Which statement best describes the diagram?
The diagram shows refraction, and medium 1 is less dense than medium 2.
Which best describes the steps involved in the operation of an electric generator?
The electric current passes from the slip rings, through the brushes, and to the collection device.
A negative test charge experiences a force to the right as a result of an electric field. Which is the best conclusion to draw based on this description?
The electric field points to the left because the force on a negative charge is opposite to the direction of the field.
The table lists the values of the constants used to calculate the electrical force and the gravitational force. Which best explains how the constants affect the electrical and gravitational forces?
The electrical force is much larger than the gravitational force because 109 is much greater than 10-11.
Which describes a relationship when calculating the energy of a photon?
The energy of the photon is directly proportional to frequency.
Which describes time dilation
The faster an object moves, the more stretched time becomes.
While researching magnetic fields, Marisa finds several online sites that describe a fictitious north monopole that is a magnet with only a north pole. Although it does not exist, the north monopole is used to describe magnetic field lines.
The field lines around a magnet point from the north pole to the south pole to show the direction of the magnetic force on the monopole.
Joan makes the device shown in her science class. What would happen to the magnetic field if she connects the battery in the opposite direction?
The field would reverse its poles.
A neon light consists of a glass tube with metal wires at each end. When connected to a high-voltage source, the gas glows. If a fly lands on the glass tube, what will most likely happen?
The fly will not feel a shock because the glass insulates it from the electrons in the gas and the metal.
A wave has a wavelength of 4.9 m and a velocity of 9.2 m/s. The medium through which this wave is traveling is then heated to a greater temperature. What must be true about the frequency of this wave?
The frequency is equal to 1.9 Hz.
Which statements correctly compare the gravitational force with the electrical force? Check all that apply.
The gravitational force can be attractive. The electrical force can be repulsive. The electrical force can be attractive. Any two objects experience a gravitational force between them.
which statements correctly compare the gravitational force with the electrical force? Check all that apply.
The gravitational force can be attractive. The electrical force can be repulsive. The electrical force can be attractive. Any two objects experience a gravitational force between them.
Light strikes a smooth wooden tabletop. What happens to the light after it is reflected?
The light rays bounce off the table and all move in the same direction.
Light strikes a smooth wooden tabletop. What happens to the light after it is reflected?
The light rays bounce off the table and all move in the same direction.
What is the purpose of a rearview mirror in a car?
The mirror allows the light to be reflected so the objects behind the car can be seen.
How does an electric motor use magnetic force to produce motion?
The north pole of an electromagnet placed in the center of a permanent magnet repels the north pole of the permanent magnet.
Rolanda sees an error in her friend's graphic organizer comparing electrical and gravitational forces. Which change should Rolanda suggest to her friend to correct the error?
The note about infinite reach belongs in region Y.
Frequency
The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time. cycles per second. 1/period
Jessie draws a ray diagram to show how an image of a candle is produced by a concave mirror when the candle is placed in front of the center of curvature. Jessie thinks the image should be virtual and behind the mirror.
The object should be between the focal point and vertex.
compression
The part of a longitudinal wave where the particles are close together
According to Einstein's first postulate about the special theory of relativity, which best explains why a person feels like he or she is sitting still on a train that is moving at a constant speed of 60 miles per hour?
The person is moving at the same speed as the train.
The diagram shows two bar magnets. They are cut along the dashed line, and then the two marked ends are placed near each other. Which statement best explains how the pieces will react
The pieces will repel because the cut end of the top magnet is a south pole.
Trudy writes an expression to calculate the mass defect of a carbon-14 nucleus using the symbols in the table. Which expression should Trudy write?
(6mp + 8mn) - mc - 14
A 4.0 cm object is 6.0 cm from a convex mirror that has a focal length of 8.0 cm. What is the distance of the image from the mirror?
-24 cm
Green light has a wavelength of about 510 nm and travels at a speed of 3.00 × 108 m/s. The frequency of green light, rounded to the nearest tenth and written in scientific notation, is ____ × 1014 Hz.
-3
A 14 cm object is 20 cm from a concave lens that has a focal length of -10 cm. The distance of the image from the lens, rounded to the nearest tenth, is
-6.7cm
What is the current in a circuit with a 9.0 V battery and a resistance of 36.0 Ω?
0.25a
The magnetic field 0.02 m from a wire is 0.1 T. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field 0.01 m from the same wire?
0.2t
A source charge of 3 µC generates an electric field of 2.86 × 105 N/C at the location of a test charge. What is the distance, to the nearest hundredth, of the test charge from the source charge
0.31 m
Which changes would cause an increase in the resistance of a wire? Check all that apply.
1) increasing temperature 3) longer wire 6) thinner wire
A circuit is built based on the circuit diagram shown. What is the current in the 50 Ω resistor?
1.2 a
What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 2.2 × 1016 Hz? Planck's constant is 6.63 × 10-34 J•s.
1.5 × 10-17 J
A wave is produced in a rope. The wave has a speed of 33 m/s and a frequency of 22 Hz.
1.5m
A point charge of 6.8 C moves at 6.5 × 104 m/s at an angle of 15° to a magnetic field that has a field strength of 1.4 T. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force acting on the charge?
1.6 × 10-1 N
A series circuit contains a 30 Ω resistor, a 20 Ω resistor, and a 10 Ω resistor. The power supply provides 100 V to the circuit.The current in the 10 Ω resistor, to two significant figures, is
1.7 amps
A sound wave with a power of 8.8 × 10-4 W leaves a speaker and passes through section A, which has an area of 5.0 m2. What is the intensity of sound in this area? (Intensity = I = )
1.8X10^-4 w/m2
A photon has a frequency of 2.9 × 10-16 Hz. Planck's constant is 6.63 × 10-34 J•s. The energy of the photon, to the nearest tenths place, is × 10-49 J.
1.9
correct lens equation
1/f equals 1/d0 plus 1/d1
The nuclear equation is incomplete. What particle completes the equation?
12 6 C
A 12-inch object is placed 30 inches in front of a plane mirror. A ray of light from the object strikes the mirror at a 45-degree angle. how tall is the image produced
12 inches
The voltage across the primary winding is 350,000 V, and the voltage across the secondary winding is 17,500 V. If the secondary winding has 600 coils, how many coils are in the primary winding?
12,000 coils
Seven-eighths of a sample of hydrogen-3 will have become a stable isotope after 36.9 years. What is the half-life of hydrogen-3?
12.3 years
