Physics Chapter 11 & 12 Sound and SHM

The measure of the number of cycles per second is called: a. frequency. b. period. c. amplitude. d. vibration.

a. frequency.

In the diagram above, a person positioned at point A would perceive __________ frequency as the person positioned at point B. a. higher b. lower c. the same

a. higher

As two or more waves pass simultaneously through the same region, ____ can occur. a. interference b. diffraction c. refraction d. reflection

a. interference

A sound twice the intensity of the faintest audible sound is not perceived as twice as loud because the sensation of loudness in human hearing a. is approximately logarithmic. b. is approximately exponential. c. depends on the speed of sound. d. is proportional to frequency.

a. is approximately logarithmic.

To get the frequency of the fifth harmonic of a fundamental frequency, you should a. multiply by 5 b. divide by 5 c. add 5 d. subtract 5

a. multiply by 5

Audible beats are formed by the interference of two waves a. of slightly different frequencies. b. of greatly different frequencies. c. with equal frequencies, but traveling in opposite directions. d. from the same vibrating source.

a. of slightly different frequencies.

The distance between wave fronts of plane waves corresponds to ____ of a sound wave. a. one wavelength b. two amplitudes c. one compression d. two rarefactions

a. one wavelength

At a distance of 3 m, the intensity of a sound will be ____ the intensity it was at a distance of 1 m. a. one-ninth b. one-third c. 3 times d. 9 times

a. one-ninth

The term for a regular time pattern in sound is: a. rhythm. b. pitch. c. scale. d. harmony

a. rhythm.

A unit used to measure the period of a cycle is the: a. second. b. hertz. c. meter. d. newton-second.

a. second.

In general, sound travels faster through a. solids than through gases. b. gases than through solids. c. gases than through liquids. d. empty space than through matter.

a. solids than through gases.

The four diagrams below represent the amplitude of sounds produced versus time. Which diagram represents a complex sound? a. b. c. d.

c.

The speed of sound in air at normal temperatures is about ____ m/sec. a. 34. b. 340 c. 3,400 d. 34,000

b. 340

A combination of frequencies which sounds bad or is unsettling is called: a. dissonance. b. consonance. c. harmony. d. pitch.

a. dissonance.

Pitch depends on the ____ of a sound wave. a. frequency b. amplitude c. power d. speed

a. frequency

Consider two pipes of the same length: one pipe is open at both ends and the other pipe is closed on one end but open at the other end. If the fundamental frequency of the totally open pipe is 300 Hz, what is the fundamental frequency of the other pipe? a. 150 Hz b. 300 Hz c. 450 Hz d. 600 Hz

a. 150 Hz

A pipe that is 0.92 m long and open at both ends vibrates in the second overtone with a frequency of 584 Hz. What is the speed of sound in the air in this pipe? a. 358 m/s b. 349 m/s c. 353 m/s d. 344 m/s e. 363 m/s

a. 358 m/s

The speed of sound in steel is 5000 m/s. What is the wavelength of a sound wave of frequency in steel? a. 7.58 m b. 2.41 m c. 1.21 m d. 0.829 m e. 0.132 m

a. 7.58 m

A sound wave is transmitted as the compression and expansion of air. Which of the following represents one cycle of harmonic motion for a sound wave? a. A region of high pressure and low pressure b. A region of high pressure c. A region of low pressure d. Sound waves do not have cycles of motion.

a. A region of high pressure and low pressure

An pipe of length L that is open at both ends is resonating at its fundamental frequency. Which statement about the sound is correct? a. The wavelength is 2L and there is a displacement node at the pipe's midpoint. b. The wavelength is 2L and there is a displacement antinode at the pipe's midpoint. c. The wavelength is L and there is a displacement node at the pipe's midpoint. d. The wavelength is L and there is a displacement antinode at the pipe's midpoint.

a. The wavelength is 2L and there is a displacement node at the pipe's midpoint.

When an air column vibrates in a pipe that is open at both ends, a. all harmonics are present. b. no harmonics are present. c. only odd harmonics are present. d. only even harmonics are present.

a. all harmonics are present.

A certain note is produced when a person blows air into an organ pipe. The manner in which one blows on a organ pipe (or any pipe) will effect the characteristics of the sound which is produced. If the person blows slightly harder, the most probable change will be that the sound wave will increase in ____. a. amplitude b. frequency c. pitch d. speed

a. amplitude

The property of sound called intensity is proportional to the rate at which energy flows through a. an area perpendicular to the direction of propagation. b. an area parallel to the direction of propagation. c. a cylindrical tube. d. a sound wave of a certain frequency.

a. an area perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

The speed of sound is affected by all of the following EXCEPT: a. decibel level. b. air pressure. c. temperature. d. weight and size of the molecules it travels through.

a. decibel level.

Due to the Doppler effect, the pitch of the siren of a fire truck moving away from you: a. decreases. b. increases. c. increases then decreases. d. does not change.

a. decreases.

Sound shows wave characteristics for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: a. the mass of sound increases as its frequency increases b. sound may be reflected and refracted c. the speed of sound is the product of frequency and wavelength d. sound shows evidence of diffraction and interference

a. the mass of sound increases as its frequency increases

Suppose that a sound source is emitting waves uniformly in all directions. If you move to a point twice as far away from the source, the frequency of the sound will be a. unchanged. b. half as great. c. one-fourth as great. d. twice as great.

a. unchanged.

When sound travels through air, the air particles ______. a. vibrate along the direction of wave propagation b. vibrate but not in any fixed direction c. vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation d. do not vibrate

a. vibrate along the direction of wave propagation

What is the length of the shortest pipe closed on one end and open at the other end that will have a fundamental frequency of 0.060 kHz on a day when the speed of sound is 340 m/s? a. 1.24 m b. 1.42 m c. 2.14 m d. 4.12 m

b. 1.42 m

As the decibel level increases from 20 decibels to 40 decibels, the loudness of the sound is described as: a. 10 times louder. b. 2 times louder. c. 10 times quieter. d. 2 times quieter.

b. 2 times louder.

The speed of sound through the ground is about 6.0 km/s while the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s. A very powerful explosion occurs some distance away and you feel the ground vibrate 60 seconds before you hear the sound of the explosion. How far away is the explosion? a. 20 km b. 22 km c. 25 km d. 27 km e. 30 km

b. 22 km

Two violin players tuning their instruments together hear 8 beats in 2 s. What is the frequency difference between the two violins? a. 2 Hz b. 4 Hz c. 8 Hz d. 16 Hz

b. 4 Hz

The lowest tone to resonate in a pipe of length L that is closed at one end but open at the other end is 200 Hz. Which one of the following frequencies will not resonate in that pipe? a. 200 Hz b. 400 Hz c. 600 Hz d. 1000 Hz e. 1400 Hz

b. 400 Hz

An organ pipe open at both ends has a length of 0.80 m. If the velocity of sound in air is what is the frequency of the second harmonic of this pipe? a. 213 Hz b. 425 Hz c. 638 Hz d. 850 Hz

b. 425 Hz

You yell across the bottom of a wide canyon and hear your echo 3 seconds later. The approximate width of the canyon producing the echo is ____ meters. a. 1,000 b. 500 c. 300 d. 100

b. 500

Ordinary conversation, measured in decibel units, would be most nearly ____ dB. a. 15 b. 65 c. 100 d. 125

b. 65

How many beats per second are heard when two vibrating tuning forks having frequencies of 216 Hz and 224 Hz are held side by side? a. 6 Hz b. 8 Hz c. 9 Hz d. 3 Hz

b. 8 Hz

The diagram below represents a graph of harmonic motion: One cycle of the motion is represented by the distance from: a. A to B. b. B to D. c. B to E. d. A to E.

b. B to D.

Two simple pendulums, A and B, are each 3.0 m long, and the period of pendulum A is T. Pendulum A is twice as heavy as pendulum B. What is the period of pendulum B? a. T/√2 b. T c. T√2 d. 2T e. T/2

b. T

When a guitar is tuned to adjust it pitch, what is it that is changed? a. The wavelength of the fundamental. b. The frequency of the fundamental. c. The amplitude of the fundamental

b. The frequency of the fundamental.

A pipe of length L that is closed at one end and open at the other end is resonating at its fundamental frequency. Which statement about the sound is correct? a. The wavelength is 4L and there is a displacement node at the pipe's open end. b. The wavelength is 4L and there is a displacement antinode at the pipe's open end. c. The wavelength is L and there is a displacement node at the pipe's open end. d. The wavelength is L and there is a displacement antinode at the pipe's open end.

b. The wavelength is 4L and there is a displacement antinode at the pipe's open end.

A glass breaks when you give it a. a louder sound b. a sound of just the right frequency c. a faster sound d. a higher pitched sound

b. a sound of just the right frequency

A large explosion generally can be "felt" some distance away and is the source of a low frequency sound because it causes a variation in the: a. air temperature. b. air pressure. c. mass of air molecules. d. weight of air molecules.

b. air pressure.

A piano and a guitar playing the same "C" note sound different because pianos: a. produce sound with more decibels. b. and guitars produce different combinations of frequencies. c. produce pure frequencies but guitars do not. d. have more "strings"(wires) to vibrate than guitars.

b. and guitars produce different combinations of frequencies.

In a resonating pipe that is open at both ends, there a. are displacement nodes at each end. b. are displacement antinodes at each end. c. is a displacement node at one end and a displacement antinode at the other end. d. None of the above choices are correct.

b. are displacement antinodes at each end.

Which of the following is the region of a sound wave in which the density and pressure are greater than normal? a. rarefaction b. compression c. amplitude d. wavelength

b. compression

A unit of motion repeated over and over again is called the: a. amplitude. b. cycle. c. velocity. d. period.

b. cycle.

The perceived loudness of a sound is measured in a. hertz. b. decibels. c. watts. d. watts per square meter.

b. decibels.

According to the Equal Loudness Curve graph, as the frequency of a sound decreases from 2,000 hertz to 50 hertz, the human ear's sensitivity to the loudness of that sound: a. increases. b. decreases. c. is equal. d. depends on the source

b. decreases.

The marching band is practicing behind the school. In front of the school, students are able to hear the band because the sound waves are: a. absorbed by the building and trees. b. diffracted over and around the school. c. refracted by the school building. d. enhanced by destructive interference.

b. diffracted over and around the school.

Resonance occurs for a system in harmonic motion when the: a. frequency of the periodic force is larger than the natural frequency of the system. b. frequency of the periodic force equals the natural frequency of the system. c. frequency of the periodic force is less than the natural frequency of the system. d. Resonance cannot occur for a system in harmonic motion.

b. frequency of the periodic force equals the natural frequency of the system.

The quality of a musical tone of a certain pitch results from a combination of a. fundamental frequencies. b. harmonics. c. transverse waves. d. velocities.

b. harmonics.

The musical effect based upon the relationship between frequencies can be called: a. pitch. b. harmony. c. beats. d. rhythm.

b. harmony.

In many cartoon shows, a character runs off a cliff, realizes his predicament, and lets out a scream. He continues to scream as he falls. If the physical situation is portrayed correctly, from the vantage point of an observer at the foot of the cliff, the pitch of the scream as he falls should be a. higher than the original pitch and constant. b. higher than the original pitch and increasing as he falls. c. lower than the original pitch and constant. d. lower than the original pitch and decreasing as he falls. e. It is impossible to predict.

b. higher than the original pitch and increasing as he falls.

A girl moves away from a source of sound at a constant speed. Compared to the frequency of the sound wave produced by the source, the frequency of the sound wave heard by the girl is ____. a. higher b. lower c. the same

b. lower

You double your distance from a sound source that is radiating equally in all directions. What happens to the intensity of the sound? It reduces to a. one-half its original value. b. one-fourth its original value. c. one-sixteenth its original value. d. none of the above

b. one-fourth its original value.

An organ pipe of length L that is open at one end resonates in its third harmonic with a wavelength of 2L/3. Is the other end of the pipe closed or open? a. closed b. open c. We cannot tell from the information provided.

b. open

Ultrasound is useful for all of the following EXCEPT: a. examining a beating heart. b. placing mp3 files on a CD. c. detecting structural damage in materials. d. determining the gender of an unborn child.

b. placing mp3 files on a CD.

The term applied to objects that travel at speeds exceeding the normal speed of sound in air is: a. subsonic. b. supersonic. c. sonogram. d. reverberation.

b. supersonic.

Large horns such as tubas produce sounds with long wavelengths while flutes produce sounds with short wavelengths because: a. the frequency of sound produced is directly proportional to the size of the instrument. b. the wavelength of sound produced is directly proportional to the size of the instrument. c. the wavelength of sound produced is directly proportional to the frequency. d. the pitch of the sound produced is directly proportional to the wavelength.

b. the wavelength of sound produced is directly proportional to the size of the instrument.

You drop a stone down a well that is 9.5 m deep. How long is it before you hear the splash? The speed of sound in air is 343 m/s and air resistance is negligible. Be careful, take into account the time it takes to fall and the time it takes for the sound to reach you. a. 1.2 s b. 1.3 s c. 1.4 s d. 1.5 s e. 1.6 s

c. 1.4 s

If a guitar string has a fundamental frequency of 500 Hz, what is the frequency of its second harmonic? a. 250 Hz b. 750 Hz c. 1000 Hz d. 2000 Hz

c. 1000 Hz

While a young child is able to hear frequencies of sound up to 20,000 hertz, the highest frequency an average adult is able to hear is: a. 2,000 hertz. b. 5,000 hertz. c. 15,000 hertz. d. 22,000 hertz.

c. 15,000 hertz.

If a guitar string has a fundamental frequency of 500 Hz, which one of the following frequencies can set the string into resonant vibration? a. 250 Hz b. 750 Hz c. 1500 Hz d. 1750 Hz

c. 1500 Hz

Consider a pipe of length L that is open at both ends. What are the wavelengths of the three lowest-pitch tones produced by this pipe? a. 4L, 2L, L b. 2L, L, L/2 c. 2L, L, 2L/3 d. 4L, 4L/3, 4L/5

c. 2L, L, 2L/3

The wavelength of the fundamental frequency of a vibrating string of length L is a. 1/2 L. b. L. c. 2L. d. 4L.

c. 2L.

Four beats per second are heard when two notes are sounded. The frequency of one note is 420 Hz. Which of the following is a possible frequency of the other note? a. 418 Hz b. 105 Hz c. 416 Hz d. 1680 Hz

c. 416 Hz

Which of the following decibel levels is nearest to the value that you would expect for a running vacuum cleaner? a. 10 dB b. 30 dB c. 70 dB d. 120 dB

c. 70 dB

Two tuning forks have frequencies of 440 and 522 Hz. What is the beat frequency if both are sounding simultaneously? a. 962 Hz b. 481 Hz c. 82 Hz d. 55 Hz e. 41 Hz

c. 82 Hz

A music tuner uses a 554-Hz C# tuning fork to tune the frequency of a musical instrument. If the tuner hears a beat frequency of 2 Hz, what is the frequency of the instrument? a. It must be 556 Hz. b. It must be 552 Hz. c. It could be either 556 Hz or 552 Hz. d. It could be either 553 Hz or 555 Hz. e. It is neither 556 Hz or 552 Hz.

c. It could be either 556 Hz or 552 Hz.

Which of the following statements about reverberations is INCORRECT? a. Reverberations may create dead spots in a large room. b. Reverberations may cause loud spots in a large room. c. Reverberations are caused by absorption of sound by concert hall walls and ceilings. d. The source of reverberation is multiple echoes from concert hall walls and ceilings.

c. Reverberations are caused by absorption of sound by concert hall walls and ceilings.

Which one of the following factors determines the pitch of a sound? a. The amplitude of the sound wave b. The distance of the sound wave from the source c. The frequency of the sound wave d. The speed of the sound wave

c. The frequency of the sound wave

If you are on a train, how will the pitch of the train's whistle sound to you as the train moves? a. The pitch will become steadily higher. b. The pitch will become steadily lower. c. The pitch will not change. d. The pitch will become higher, then become lower.

c. The pitch will not change.

The Tacoma Narrows bridge collapsed in 1940 when winds caused ____ to build up in the bridge. a. a compression wave b. a longitudinal wave c. a standing wave d. friction

c. a standing wave

Seven seconds after a brilliant flash of lightning, thunder shakes the house. Approximately how far was the lightning strike from the house? a. much closer than one kilometer b. about one kilometer away c. about two kilometers away d. much farther away than two kilometers e. It is impossible to say.

c. about two kilometers away

A louder sound has a higher a. wavelength b. frequency c. amplitude d. speed

c. amplitude

Sound waves a. are a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. b. do not require a medium for transmission. c. are longitudinal waves. d. are transverse waves.

c. are longitudinal waves.

Of the following materials, sound waves travel fastest through a. helium at 0°C. b. air at 0°C. c. copper at 0°C. d. air at 100°C.

c. copper at 0°C.

Sound will travel: a. faster in air than in any material. b. fastest in outer space. c. faster in steel than in air. d. faster in cold air than warm air.

c. faster in steel than in air.

Which of the following will remain unchanged when a sound wave travels in air or in water? a. amplitude b. wavelength c. frequency d. speed

c. frequency

The property of sound that most helps you to identify one person's voice from another is: a. decibels. b. beats. c. harmonics. d. scales.

c. harmonics.

The unit for measuring the frequency of an oscillating system is the: a. meter. b. meter/second. c. hertz. d. hertz/second.

c. hertz.

A train moves down the track toward an observer. The sound from the train, as heard by the observer, is ____ the sound heard by a passenger on the train. a. the same as b. a different timbre than c. higher in pitch than d. lower in pitch than

c. higher in pitch than

Motion that occurs in repeated cycles includes all of the following EXCEPT ____ motion. a. pendulum b. harmonic c. linear d. circular

c. linear

The oscillation of air pressure can result in ____ waves. a. transverse b. light c. longitudinal d. circular

c. longitudinal

The speed of a wave is determined by the a. wavelength b. frequency c. nature of the medium d. volume

c. nature of the medium

When an air column vibrates in a pipe that is closed at one end, a. all harmonics are present. b. no harmonics are present. c. only odd harmonics are present. d. only even harmonics are present

c. only odd harmonics are present.

The intensity of a sound at any distance from the source is directly proportional to the sound's a. wavelength. b. pitch. c. power. d. frequency.

c. power.

A guitar player controls the notes produced by placing her fingers at specific positions on the strings. The notes are produced as a result of: a. diffraction. b. polarization. c. resonance. d. refraction.

c. resonance.

The standing wave pattern in the diagram above is representative of the ____ harmonic. a. third b. fourth c. sixth d. twelfth

c. sixth

Consider the diagram below of several circular waves created at various times and locations. The diagram illustrates ____. a. interference b. diffraction c. the Doppler effect d. polarization

c. the Doppler effect

Loud noises damage the ear because: a. they can block the ear canal. b. they are transmitted to the ear faster in the atmosphere than quiet noises. c. they can cause tiny hairs in the cochlea to break. d. their frequency exceeds 20,000 hertz.

c. they can cause tiny hairs in the cochlea to break.

For a standing wave in an air column in a pipe that is open at both ends, there must be at least a. one node and one antinode. b. two nodes and one antinode. c. two antinodes and one node. d. two nodes and two antinodes.

c. two antinodes and one node.

On the Fourth of July, you can see large fireworks displays before you hear them because the speed of light exceeds the speed of sound by about ____ times. a. 10 b. 1,000 c. 100,000 d. 1,000,000

d. 1,000,000

How many beats per second are heard when two vibrating tuning forks having frequencies of 342 Hz and 345 Hz are held side by side? a. 687 Hz b. 343.5 Hz c. 5 Hz d. 3 Hz

d. 3 Hz

A vibrating guitar string emits a tone just as a 500 Hz tuning fork is struck. If five beats per second are heard, which of the following is a possible frequency of vibration of the string? a. 2500 Hz b. 1500 Hz c. 605 Hz d. 495 Hz

d. 495 Hz

Consider a pipe of length L that is open at one end and closed at the other end. What are the wavelengths of the three lowest-pitch tones produced by this pipe? a. 4L, 2L, L b. 2L, L, L/2 c. 2L, L, 2 L/3 d. 4L, 4L/3, 4L/5

d. 4L, 4L/3, 4L/5

The wavelengths of the sounds produced by two horns are 6.0 m and 7.0 m, respectively. What beat frequency is heard when the horns are sounded on a day when the speed of sound is 340 m/s? a. 5 Hz b. 6 Hz c. 7 Hz d. 8 Hz

d. 8 Hz

The diagrams below represent four different standing wave patterns in air columns of the same length. Which of the columns is/are vibrating at its/their 2nd harmonic? a. A b. B c. C d. D

d. D

Two pure tones are sounded together and a particular beat frequency is heard. What happens to the beat frequency if the frequency of one of the tones is increased? a. It increases. b. It decreases. c. It does not change. d. It could either increase or decrease.

d. It could either increase or decrease.

Which of the following has the shortest wavelength? a. A rumble of thunder at 20 hertz b. An average male singer at 500 hertz c. The highest note on a piano at 5,000 hertz d. The whine of a jet turbine at 10,000 hertz.

d. The whine of a jet turbine at 10,000 hertz.

Oscillating systems include all of the following EXCEPT: a. the moving pedals on a bicycle. b. a radio signal from FM station 106.3. c. Earth turning on its axis. d. a block sliding down a ramp.

d. a block sliding down a ramp.

The trough of the sine curve used to represent a sound wave corresponds to a. a compression. b. the wavelength. c. the amplitude. d. a rarefaction

d. a rarefaction.

The Doppler effect occurs with a. only sound waves. b. only transverse waves. c. only water waves. d. all waves.

d. all waves.

Musicians may tune their instruments to match a certain frequency by adjusting the frequency they play to eliminate: a. scales. b. rhythm. c. pitch. d. beats.

d. beats.

If the intensity of a sound is increased by a factor of 100, the new decibel level will increase a. by two units. b. to twice the old one. c. by a factor of 10. d. by 20 units

d. by 20 units

The loudness of sound is measured in units called: a. newtons. b. pascals. c. hertz. d. decibels.

d. decibels.

A node is a point along a medium where there is always ____. a. a crest meeting a crest b. a trough meeting a trough c. constructive interference d. destructive interference

d. destructive interference

Which of the following quantities is transferred during wave propagation? a. speed b. mass c. matter d. energy

d. energy

The musical term "pitch" is most directly proportional to: a. amplitude. b. volume. c. wavelength. d. frequency.

d. frequency.

In a resonating pipe that is open at one end and closed at the other end, there a. are displacement nodes at each end. b. are displacement antinodes at each end. c. is a displacement node at the open end and a displacement antinode at the closed end. d. is a displacement node at the closed end and a displacement antinode at the open end.

d. is a displacement node at the closed end and a displacement antinode at the open end.

In a resonating pipe that is open at one end and closed at the other, there a. are displacement nodes at each end. b. are displacement antinodes at each end. c. is a displacement node at the open end and a displacement antinode at the closed end. d. is a displacement node at the closed end and a displacement antinode at the open end.

d. is a displacement node at the closed end and a displacement antinode at the open end.

In many cartoon shows, a character runs off a cliff, realizes his predicament, and lets out a scream. He continues to scream as he falls. If the physical situation is portrayed correctly, from the vantage point of an observer at the top of the cliff leaning over the edge, the pitch of the scream as he falls should be a. higher than the original pitch and constant. b. higher than the original pitch and increasing as he falls. c. lower than the original pitch and constant. d. lower than the original pitch and decreasing as he falls. e. It is impossible to predict

d. lower than the original pitch and decreasing as he falls.

The amount of time required for one cycle to occur is called the: a. amplitude. b. frequency. c. harmonic. d. period.

d. period.

The highness or lowness of a sound is perceived as a. compression. b. wavelength. c. ultrasound. d. pitch.

d. pitch.

When the frequency of a force applied to a system matches the natural frequency of vibration of the system, ____ occurs. a. damped vibration b. random vibration c. timbre d. resonance

d. resonance

Musical instruments of different types playing the same note may often be identified by the ____ of their sounds. a. pitch b. intensity c. fundamental frequency d. timbre

d. timbre

Sound waves do not travel through a. solids b. liquids c. gases d. vacuum

d. vacuum

The perception of sound starts with the: a. stimulation of the fluid in the cochlea. b. response of short hairs of the ear canal. c. movement of three delicate bones of the inner ear. d. vibration of the eardrum.

d. vibration of the eardrum.

The lowest tone to resonate in pipe of length L that is open at both ends is 200 Hz. Which one of the following frequencies will not resonate in the same pipe? a. 200 Hz b. 400 Hz c. 600 Hz d. 800 Hz e. 900 Hz

e. 900 Hz