Physics Exam Chapters 12,13, 27, and 28

What is the total number of protons and neutrons in a water molecule

10

Compared to mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is

16 times greater

The temperature of a star is evidenced by its

Color

Energy released by the Sun results from the process wherein atomic nuclei

Combine

Electrical forces inside a nucleus contribute nuclear

Instability

The alkali metals (group 1) tend to form 1+ ions while the alkali-earth metals (group 2) tend to form 2+ ions because

The charges of these ions corresponds to the number of valence electrons that may be lost

How many electrons are in the outermost shell of Strontium (Sr, atomic number 38)

2

How many electrons are unpaired in the outermost shell of sulfur (S, atomic number 16)

2

How many shells are completely filled for the Chlorine ion, Cl1- (Cl, atomic number 17)

2

How many electrons are in the outermost shell of Phosphorus (P, atomic number 15)

5

How many shells are occupied by electrons in the gold atoms (Au, atomic number 79)

6

A certain radioactive isotope placed near a Geiger counter registers 120 counts per minute. If the half life of the isotope is one day, what will the count rate be at she end of the four days?

7.5 counts/min

When U-239 emits a beta particle, the nucleus left behind has

93 protons

An element will decay to an element with higher atomic number in the periodic table if it emits

A beta particle

If a pair of helium nuclei are fused together, the result is

Beryllium

Thermonuclear fusion occurs mainly in the

Core of stars

The most abundant element in the universe is

Hydrogen

Atoms heavier than hydrogen were made by

Nuclear Fusion

The mass of a nucleus is exactly equal to the sum of the masses of its individual

Nucleons

How is it possible that as atoms get more massive they become larger in size?

The more massive the atoms have a greater number of shells

Summer and winter constellations are different because

The night sky faces in opposite directions in summer and winter

Polaris is always directly overhead

The north pole

An electron in a 7s orbital has more energy than on in a 1s orbital because

it is farther from the nucleus

The Milky Way is

A spiral galaxy

If an alpha particle and a beta particle have the same energy, which particle will penetrate the farthest in an object?

Beta particle

Which color of light comes from the higher energy transition, red or blue?

Blue is a higher frequency and therefore corresponds to a higher energy level transition

In which lobe of a p orbital is an electron most likely found?

Both lobes

The H-R Diagram, an important tool for astronomers, relates stellar temperatures to stellar

Brightness (Luminosity)

If two protons are removed from an oxygen nucleus, the result is

Carbon

Which of these forces determines the chemical properties of an atom?

Electrical force

Compared to most stellar objects, quasars are more

Energetic, distant, and puzzling

The number of elements in a period is

Equal to the electron capacity of the shell

An electron de-excites from the fourth quantum level to the third and then directly to the first. Two frequencies of light are emitted. How do their combined energies compare to the energy of the single frequency that would be emitted by de-excitation from the fourth level directly to the first level? Answer: The combined energies of the two frequencies emitted by the one electron is

Equal to the energy of the single frequency

Suppose that a certain atom possesses only four distinct energy levels. Assuming that all transitions between levels are possible, how many spectral lines will this atom exhibit?

Four

Which experiences the least electrical force (zero force) in an electric field

Gamma rays

If one neutron is added to a helium nucleus, the result is

Helium

Although the nucleus of a carbon atom has a charge of +6, the charge experienced by carbon's valence electrons is different because

Inner shell electrons shield the valence electron from the nucleus

In both fission and fusion, mass

Is changed to the form of kinetic energy

Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus?

Lead

Compared to the sum of the masses of all the individual nucleons in their separate states that make up a nucleus, the mass of the composite nucleus is

Less

The longest living stars are those of

Low mass

Compared to a neutron bouncing off a carbon nucleus, a neutron bouncing off a hydrogen nucleus loses

More speed

Which of the following are electrically neutral?

Neutron

If the sun collapsed to become a black hole, the earth's gravitational attraction to it would be

No different

Solid matter is mostly empty space. The reason solids don't fall through one another is because

Of electrical forces

How can a hydrogen atom, which has only one electron, have so many spectral lines?

One electron can be boosted to many different energy levels

In an electrically neural atom, the number of protons in the nucleus is balanced by an equal number of

Orbital electrons

A nucleon has more mass when it is

Outside the nucleus

The distance of stars is found by

Parallax

The weight of matter comes mostly from its

Protons

After the sun burns its supply of hydrogen, it will become a

Red giant

A pulsar is likely a

Spinning neutron star

Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers?

The atomic masses are average atomic masses

What makes an element distinct?

The number of protons

Which is the smallest particle listed below?

The quark

A black hole is

The remains of a giant collapsed star

Suppose a hydrogen bomb were exploded in a box that could contain all the energy released by the explosion. Compared to the weight of the box before the explosion, the weight of the box after the explosion would be

The same

Which of the following statements is true?

There are only 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances

Both nitrogen and Phosphorus are able to attract three more electrons to their outer shells because

There are three more spaces available in their outermost shells, these electrons are able to pair with unpaired valence electrons, the nuclear charges attracts them.

How might the spectrum of an atom appear if its electrons were not restricted to particular energy levels?

There would be no frequencies within the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum

It's impossible for a hydrogen atom to emit an alpha particle.

True