Physics Exam Chapters 12,13, 27, and 28
What is the total number of protons and neutrons in a water molecule
10
Compared to mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is
16 times greater
The temperature of a star is evidenced by its
Color
Energy released by the Sun results from the process wherein atomic nuclei
Combine
Electrical forces inside a nucleus contribute nuclear
Instability
The alkali metals (group 1) tend to form 1+ ions while the alkali-earth metals (group 2) tend to form 2+ ions because
The charges of these ions corresponds to the number of valence electrons that may be lost
How many electrons are in the outermost shell of Strontium (Sr, atomic number 38)
2
How many electrons are unpaired in the outermost shell of sulfur (S, atomic number 16)
2
How many shells are completely filled for the Chlorine ion, Cl1- (Cl, atomic number 17)
2
How many electrons are in the outermost shell of Phosphorus (P, atomic number 15)
5
How many shells are occupied by electrons in the gold atoms (Au, atomic number 79)
6
A certain radioactive isotope placed near a Geiger counter registers 120 counts per minute. If the half life of the isotope is one day, what will the count rate be at she end of the four days?
7.5 counts/min
When U-239 emits a beta particle, the nucleus left behind has
93 protons
An element will decay to an element with higher atomic number in the periodic table if it emits
A beta particle
If a pair of helium nuclei are fused together, the result is
Beryllium
Thermonuclear fusion occurs mainly in the
Core of stars
The most abundant element in the universe is
Hydrogen
Atoms heavier than hydrogen were made by
Nuclear Fusion
The mass of a nucleus is exactly equal to the sum of the masses of its individual
Nucleons
How is it possible that as atoms get more massive they become larger in size?
The more massive the atoms have a greater number of shells
Summer and winter constellations are different because
The night sky faces in opposite directions in summer and winter
Polaris is always directly overhead
The north pole
An electron in a 7s orbital has more energy than on in a 1s orbital because
it is farther from the nucleus
The Milky Way is
A spiral galaxy
If an alpha particle and a beta particle have the same energy, which particle will penetrate the farthest in an object?
Beta particle
Which color of light comes from the higher energy transition, red or blue?
Blue is a higher frequency and therefore corresponds to a higher energy level transition
In which lobe of a p orbital is an electron most likely found?
Both lobes
The H-R Diagram, an important tool for astronomers, relates stellar temperatures to stellar
Brightness (Luminosity)
If two protons are removed from an oxygen nucleus, the result is
Carbon
Which of these forces determines the chemical properties of an atom?
Electrical force
Compared to most stellar objects, quasars are more
Energetic, distant, and puzzling
The number of elements in a period is
Equal to the electron capacity of the shell
An electron de-excites from the fourth quantum level to the third and then directly to the first. Two frequencies of light are emitted. How do their combined energies compare to the energy of the single frequency that would be emitted by de-excitation from the fourth level directly to the first level? Answer: The combined energies of the two frequencies emitted by the one electron is
Equal to the energy of the single frequency
Suppose that a certain atom possesses only four distinct energy levels. Assuming that all transitions between levels are possible, how many spectral lines will this atom exhibit?
Four
Which experiences the least electrical force (zero force) in an electric field
Gamma rays
If one neutron is added to a helium nucleus, the result is
Helium
Although the nucleus of a carbon atom has a charge of +6, the charge experienced by carbon's valence electrons is different because
Inner shell electrons shield the valence electron from the nucleus
In both fission and fusion, mass
Is changed to the form of kinetic energy
Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus?
Lead
Compared to the sum of the masses of all the individual nucleons in their separate states that make up a nucleus, the mass of the composite nucleus is
Less
The longest living stars are those of
Low mass
Compared to a neutron bouncing off a carbon nucleus, a neutron bouncing off a hydrogen nucleus loses
More speed
Which of the following are electrically neutral?
Neutron
If the sun collapsed to become a black hole, the earth's gravitational attraction to it would be
No different
Solid matter is mostly empty space. The reason solids don't fall through one another is because
Of electrical forces
How can a hydrogen atom, which has only one electron, have so many spectral lines?
One electron can be boosted to many different energy levels
In an electrically neural atom, the number of protons in the nucleus is balanced by an equal number of
Orbital electrons
A nucleon has more mass when it is
Outside the nucleus
The distance of stars is found by
Parallax
The weight of matter comes mostly from its
Protons
After the sun burns its supply of hydrogen, it will become a
Red giant
A pulsar is likely a
Spinning neutron star
Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers?
The atomic masses are average atomic masses
What makes an element distinct?
The number of protons
Which is the smallest particle listed below?
The quark
A black hole is
The remains of a giant collapsed star
Suppose a hydrogen bomb were exploded in a box that could contain all the energy released by the explosion. Compared to the weight of the box before the explosion, the weight of the box after the explosion would be
The same
Which of the following statements is true?
There are only 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances
Both nitrogen and Phosphorus are able to attract three more electrons to their outer shells because
There are three more spaces available in their outermost shells, these electrons are able to pair with unpaired valence electrons, the nuclear charges attracts them.
How might the spectrum of an atom appear if its electrons were not restricted to particular energy levels?
There would be no frequencies within the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum
It's impossible for a hydrogen atom to emit an alpha particle.
True
