Physics Final
light end, where the handle is
A baseball bat has a greater rotational inertia about an axis at its ____________________.
impulse.
A cannon with a long barrel fires a shell faster because the shell experiences a greater ____________________.
elastic collision
A collision in which colliding objects rebound without lasting deformation or the generation of heat.
inelastic collision
A collision in which the colliding objects become distorted, generate heat, and possibly stick together.
torque equals 0
A condition for mechanical equilibrium is that the sum of the forces acting equal zero. Another condition is that the sum of the ____________________.
ellipse
A elongated circle, or oval shape, the shape of the planets or satellites in orbit.
impulses is the same for both
A fast-moving massive car has a head-on collision with a slow-moving light car. Upon which is the impulse greater?
bare stick
A pair of upright metersticks, with their lower ends against a wall, are allowed to fall to the floor. One is bare, and the other has a heavy weight attached to its upper end. The stick to hit the floor first is the
Four times
A truck moves with a certain momentum. If both its speed and its mass are doubled, how much greater is its momentum?
100 J
According to the work-energy theorem, in the absence of friction, if you do 100 J of work on a cart, you'll increase its kinetic energy by ____________________.
law of universal gravitation
All objects in the universe attract each other through gravitational force.
to the right, forward
An ice sailcraft is stalled on a frozen lake on a windless day. A large fan blows air into the sail. If the wind produced by the fan strikes and bounces backward from the sail, the sailcraft will move
momentum
An object that has kinetic energy must have ____________________.
satellite
An object that revolves around another object in space
projectile
Any object that moves through the air or through space under the influence of gravity.
14 m/s
Atop a cliff, a projectile is fired horizontally with an initial speed of 10 m/s. Neglecting air drag, what is its speed 1 second after it is fired?
oscillate to and fro.
Consider a giant flat plate that touches the Earth at one point and extends out into space. Suppose you slide an iron block along the plane, where it makes contact with the Earth. Suppose also that the plate is perfectly frictionless, air drag is absent, and vo < vescape. The block will
0.25 m
Consider an ideal pulley system. Pull one end of a rope downward by 1 meter with 50 N of force, and you'll lift a 200-N load a distance of ____________________.
hydrogen
Consider molecules of hydrogen gas and heavier molecules of oxygen gas that have the same kinetic energy. The molecules with more speed are ____________________.
twice as much
Consider two waterfalls, one twice the height of the other. The kinetic energy of each kilogram of water falling to the bottom of the taller waterfall is about ____________________.
Yes both would increase
If Jupiter were pulled into a tighter orbit by the sun, would both its angular speed and its linear speed increase?
increase the time the momentum decreases.
If a fast-moving object strikes you, you'll experience less force of impact if you can ____________________.
1000 km/h
If superman in space throws a boulder with 10 times as much mass as himself, and the boulder leaves his hands at 100 km/h, how fast does superman recoil?
continue in its normal orbit
If the Sun suddenly collapsed to become a black hole, the Earth would
one quarter
If the radius of the Earth somehow bloated to twice its size, with no changes in mass, your weight at the Earth's new surface would be ____________________.
The amount of impulse will be the same either way.
If your speeding car slams into a haystack and comes to rest, how will the IMPULSE that acts on it compare with slamming into a brick wall and coming to rest?
Law of conversion of momentum
In the absense of an external force,the momentum of a system remains unchanged.
no higher
Jose can jump vertically 1 meter from his skateboard when it is at rest. When the skateboard is moving horizontally, Jose can jump ____________________.
Kepler's laws
Kepler's first law states that the planets travel in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus. When planet is farthest from sun it is at its aphelion, closest at it's perihelion. Second Law states equal area law and says each planet moves around the sun in such a way that an imaginary line joining the planet to the sun will sweep over equal areas of space in equal time periods. The third law is the harmonic law that says the period of a planet squared is equal to the cube of it's distance from the sun. The farther it is from the sun, the longer it's period of revolution.
rotational speed
Number of rotations or revolutions per unit of time
Yes, but negligible
Ocean tides are produced by the Moon. Since our bodies are mostly water, doesn't the Moon similarly produce tides in our bodies?
the middle
On a roller coaster, In which car will you be moving the fastest at the very bottom of the incline?
the shaken can loses!
Roll a pair of identical cans of carbonated beverage down an incline. You won't be surprised to find they roll at the same rate. Now shake one of them so bubbles form inside, then repeat the experiment. You'll be delighted to observe that
less
Strictly speaking, when a gun is fired, compared with the momentum of the recoiling gun, the opposite momentum of the bullet is
the same
The brakes are slammed on a speeding truck and it skids to a stop. If the truck were heavily loaded so it had twice the total mass, the skidding distance would be
an elliptical orbit
The force of gravity does work on a satellite when it is in ____________________.
False
The gravitational field of the Earth is very weak up there in space-shuttle territory, compared to down here on the Earth's surface. True or False?
gravitational field
The influence that a massive body exends into the space around itself, producing a force on another massive body
beveled shape of the wheel circumference.
The main reason railroad trains remain on their tracks has to do with the ____________________.
angular momentum
The product of a body's rotational inertia and rotational velocity about a particular axis.
atmosphere
The reason a satellite such as the space shuttle remains in orbit is because it is above the Earth's ____________________.
spring tides
Tides that occur when the sun, earth, and moon are aligned
center of mass
Toss a baseball bat through the air and it wobbles about its ____________________.
0.5 m/s
Two identical gliders slide toward each other on an air track. One moves at 2 m/s and the other at 1 m/s. If they stick together, the combination slides at ____________________.
Faster
Very ideally, and very strictly speaking, the falling leaves in autumn make the world spin a bit
Nothing! Its in free fall!
What force prevents a satellite or the Moon from falling toward the Earth??
come to the top
When a person shakes the basketful of berries, the larger berries will
angular speed.
When a skater brings her arms in when spinning, she increases her ____________________.
remains unchanged
When a tether ball wraps around a pole, the speed of the ball
nearly as much
When at rest on the launching pad, the force of gravity on the space shuttle is quite huge—the weight of the shuttle. When in orbit, some 200 km above Earth's surface, the force of gravity on the shuttle
conservation of angular momentum
When no external torque acts on an object or a system of objects, no change of angular momentum can occur. Hence, the angular momentum before an event involving only internal torques or no torques is equal to the angular momentum after the event.
For work, distance and force are in the same direction; for torque they are perpendicular to each other.
When we studied the concept of work, we learned that work = force x distance. Now we learn that torque = force x distance. What's different about these two definitions?
horizontal component
When you roll a ball off the edge of a table, the component of velocity that doesn't change as it falls is the ____________________.
accelerations
Whenever an interaction occurs in a system, forces occur in equal and opposite pairs. Which of the following do not always occur in equal and opposite pairs?
Doctor
Which gravitationally pulls more on a newborn baby, Planet Mars or the doctor delivering the baby?
Baseball
Which has more momentum, a speeding baseball or an ocean liner at rest in a harbor?
earth
Which of these three produces a greater tidal effect on you right now—the moon, the Earth, or the sun?
25-kg. bag.
Which requires more power, lifting a 25-kg. bag of cement 10 m. vertically in 1 minute, or lifting a 50-kg. bag 5 m. vertically in 2 minutes?
Both the same
Which requires more work, lifting a 25-kg. bag of cement 10 m. vertically, or lifting a 50-kg. bag 5 m. vertically?
Regular
Which will roll down a hill faster, a can of regular fruit juice or a can of frozen fruit juice?
Water
Which will roll faster down an inclined plane, a can of water or a can of ice?
Because you're not twice as far from the Earth's center.
Why is your weight not one-quarter as much when you climb to the top of a twice as tall tree?
9 times as much.
You have kinetic energy when you run. If you run three times as fast, you'll have a kinetic energy ____________________.
inverse-square law
a law relating the intensity of an effect to the inverse square of the distance from the cause
neap tides
a tide that occurs when the moon is halfway between a new moon and a full moon, in either direction; the tides due to the sun and the moon partly cancel, so that the high tides are lower than average, and the low tides are not as low s average
centrifugal force
apparent outward force on a rotating or revolving body
torque
lever arm * force
tangential speed
linear speed along a curved path
rotational inertia
property of an object that measures its resistance to any change in its state of rotation
center of gravity
the average position of an object's weight where gravity acts
center of mass
the average position of the mass of an object.
parabola
the curved path followed by a projectile under the influence of constant gravity only
kinetic energy
the energy of motion
potential energy
the energy that an object has because of the position, shape, or condition of the object
centripetal force
the force towards a fixed point, usually in circular motion
momentum
the product of a body's mass and its velocity
impulse
the product of the force acting on an object and the time during which it acts. A change in momentum.
energy
the properties of a system that enables it to do work
Work
w=fd
Power
work done/ time interval
