Physiology CH 24

Lymphoid tissues include ANSWER: lymph nodes. spleen. bone marrow. thymus. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

A person with type A blood has ANSWER: A antibodies in his plasma. B antibodies on his red blood cells. B antibodies in his plasma. the ability to receive AB blood cells. A antibodies on his red blood cells.

B antibodies in his plasma.

Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions are ANSWER: IgE. IgG. IgD. IgM. IgA.

IgA

Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B lymphocytes and may play a role in regulation of the humoral immune response are ANSWER: IgE. IgA. IgM. IgD. IgG.

IgD.

Immunoglobulins that attach to mast cells and are involved in allergic reactions are ANSWER: IgD. IgE. IgA. IgG. IgM.

IgE.

________ is the immunoglobulin class that comprises 75% of antibodies in adult blood. ANSWER: IgE IgM IgA IgD IgG

IgG

Immunoglobulins that are mainly responsible for resistance against viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are ANSWER: IgA. IgG. IgM. IgE. IgD.

IgG.

Immunoglobulins that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection are ANSWER: IgA. IgD. IgG. IgM. IgE.

IgM

________ have been found to be the precursor cells of macrophages. ANSWER: Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Neutrophils

Monocytes

The cells that are actively involved in immunological surveillance are the ANSWER: helper T cells. plasma cells. B lymphocytes. NK cells. suppressor T cells.

NK cells.

________ are clusters of lymphatic nodules located beneath the epithelial lining of the small intestine. ANSWER: Immune complexes Adenoids Lymph nodes Tonsils Peyer's patches

Peyer's patches

The cells responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the ANSWER: plasma cells. T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes. suppressor T lymphocytes.

T lymphocytes.

A patient has elevated neutrophils and monocytes with normal levels of basophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. Which of the following is the most likely cause of these test results? -a chronic bacterial infection -an autoimmune reaction -an acute viral infection -an allergic reaction -a fungal infection

a chronic bacterial infection

A patient has elevated eosinophils and monocytes but normal levels of neutrophils, basophils, and lymphocytes. Which of the following could be causing those levels? ANSWER: an acute bacterial infection a severe allergic reaction a chronic parasitic infection a viral infection a chronic bacterial infection

a chronic parasitic infection

Passive immunity is a type of ________ immunity. ANSWER: innate acquired

acquired

Cytokines function by ANSWER: -digesting invading cells. -acting as messengers for growth and activity of other cells and poisoning and killing invading cells. -acting as messengers for growth and activity of other cells, poisoning and killing invading cells, and digesting invading cells. -poisoning and killing invading cells. -acting as messengers for growth and activity of other cells.

acting as messengers for growth and activity of other cells.

Which of these is matched incorrectly? ANSWER: -active immunity - an immune response started and developed by the cells -acquired immunity - responses directed toward specific invaders -innate immunity - nonspecific responses -actively acquired immunity - immunity passed via the placenta or milk to offspring -Each of these is correctly described.

actively acquired immunity - immunity passed via the placenta or milk to offspring

C-reactive protein is a type of ANSWER: cytokine. pyrogen. chemotaxin. granzyme. acute-phase protein.

acute-phase protein.

When the immune system creates a response that is overblown in relation to the threat it has been exposed to, the response is called an ANSWER: autoimmune response. allergic reaction. immunodeficiency.

allergic reaction

Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are ANSWER: allergies. common in the elderly. autoimmune diseases. the result of stress. immunodeficiency diseases.

allergies.

Chemotaxins function in ANSWER: -attracting additional immune cells. -poisoning and killing invading cells. -digesting invading cells and attracting additional immune cells. -digesting invading cells. -digesting invading cells, attracting additional immune cells, and poisoning and killing invading cells.

attracting additional immune cells.

Antibiotics are drugs that destroy or inhibit the growth of ANSWER: -viruses and bacteria. -viruses, bacteria, and multicellular pathogens such as hookworms. -bacteria. -viruses. -multicellular pathogens such as hookworms.

bacteria.

Match the cell type with its description. A. lymphocytes B. neutrophils C. monocytes D. eosinophils E. basophils These cells are related to mast cells, and both release chemical mediators such as histamine and heparin, which aid in the immune response.

basophils

In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must ANSWER: -depolarize the lymphocyte. -be phagocytized by the lymphocyte. -bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte membrane. -bind to the DNA of the lymphocyte. -enter the cytoplasm of the lymphocyte.

bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte membrane.

T lymphocytes stem cells that will form B lymphocytes are found in the ANSWER: liver. bone marrow. thymus. spleen. kidneys.

bone marrow

Which is NOT a pathogen? ANSWER: chicken pox virus hookworm athlete's foot fungus meningococcus bacterium cancer

cancer

Molecules that attract immune cells are known as ANSWER: antigens. lysozymes. opsonins. interferons. chemotaxins.

chemotaxins.

When an antigen complex is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ANSWER: helper T cell. B cell. plasma cell. NK cell. cytotoxic T cell.

cytotoxic T cell.

Lymphocytes that attack foreign cells or body cells infected with viruses are ANSWER: helper T cells. B lymphocytes. cytotoxic T cells. plasma cells. suppressor T cells.

cytotoxic T cells.

Which of the following immune cells are also known as Langerhans cells? ANSWER: mast cells basophils dendritic cells lymphocytes eosinophils

dendritic cells

Match the cell type with its description. A. lymphocytes B. neutrophils C. monocytes D. eosinophils E. basophils Cytotoxic, these cells are associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infestations. Usually these cells are less than 3% of the leukocyte population, and only live up to 12 hours.

eosinophils

Cells that help to regulate the immune response are ANSWER: NK cells. cytotoxic T cells. plasma cells. helper T cells. B lymphocytes.

helper T cells

Swelling and soreness of the lymph nodes indicate that ANSWER: -immune cells are fighting infection. -too much or improper exercise has been undertaken. -the immune system is incapable of working. -dangerous cancerous changes are occurring in the immune system. -None of the answers are correct.

immune cells are fighting infection.

Autoimmune diseases are an example of a(n) ________ response by the immune system. ANSWER: lack of overactive incorrect None of the answers are correct.

incorrect

Acute phase proteins are produced by the ANSWER: thymus. liver. macrophages. lymph nodes. lymphocytes.

liver.

Match the cell type with its description. A. lymphocytes B. neutrophils C. monocytes D. eosinophils E. basophils Estimated to reach populations of one trillion in normal adults, most of these cells reside in the lymphoid tissues of the body. These cells look quite similar to one another under the microscope, yet function very differently.

lymphocytes

Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system include ANSWER: -macrophages and monocytes. -lymphocytes and plasma cells. -macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. -neutrophils and eosinophils. -macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells.

macrophages and monocytes.

Opsonins function by ANSWER: -digesting invading cells directly. -poisoning and killing invading cells and marking or tagging pathogens so phagocytes can find and ingest them. -poisoning and killing invading cells. -poisoning and killing invading cells, marking or tagging pathogens so phagocytes can find and ingest them, and digesting invading cells directly. -marking or tagging pathogens so phagocytes can find and ingest them.

marking or tagging pathogens so phagocytes can find and ingest them.

An inflammatory response is triggered when ANSWER: -mast cells release granules containing histamine and heparin. -blood flow to an area increases. -neutrophils phagocytize bacteria. -T lymphocytes release interferon. -red blood cells release pyrogens.

mast cells release granules containing histamine and heparin.

Lymphocytes and plasma cells ANSWER: -mediate the acquired immune response, are found primarily in lymphoid tissue, and all function and behave the same way. -mediate the acquired immune response. -are found primarily in lymphoid tissue. -all function and behave the same way. -mediate the acquired immune response and are found primarily in lymphoid tissue.

mediate the acquired immune response and are found primarily in lymphoid tissue.

Match the cell type with its description. A. lymphocytes B. neutrophils C. monocytes D. eosinophils E. basophils Precursors of macrophages, these cells are relatively rare in blood because they are actually in transit to some other site.

monocytes

A patient with hay fever symptoms that have been going on for a couple weeks comes to your office to be treated for his hay fever. If a white blood cell differential count was performed, which leukocytes would likely be elevated? ANSWER: monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils monocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils lymphocytes, basophils, and neutrophils neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes

monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils

Viruses ANSWER: -are considered to be parasitic. -must reproduce inside cells of the host. -easily survive in the environment outside the body. -must reproduce inside cells of the host and are considered to be parasitic. -must reproduce inside cells of the host, are considered to be parasitic, and easily survive in the environment outside the body.

must reproduce inside cells of the host and are considered to be parasitic.

Match the cell type with its description. A. lymphocytes B. neutrophils C. monocytes D. eosinophils E. basophils These are the most abundant leukocyte; they are formed in the bone marrow.

neutrophils

Which of the following are NOT antigen-presenting cells (APCs)? ANSWER: dendritic cells macrophages lymphocytes neutrophils monocytes

neutrophils

Which cell is incorrectly matched with the characteristic? ANSWER: -basophils - have granules containing histamine and heparin -neutrophils - most difficult to identify -eosinophils - numbers increase with allergies and parasites -eosinophils - cytotoxic cells may live only 6-12 hours -neutrophils - most abundant white cell

neutrophils - most difficult to identify

Match the type of immunity to its description. A. specific B. nonspecific Secreted lysozyme kills bacteria.

nonspecific

Match the type of immunity to its description. A. specific B. nonspecific present at birth

nonspecific

All of the following are characteristics of acquired immunity EXCEPT ANSWER: nonspecific immunity. cell-mediated immunity. humoral immunity. adaptive immunity.

nonspecific immunity.

Class II MHC molecules are found ANSWER: -only on lymphocytes and macrophages. -only on liver cells and macrophages in the spleen. -only on red blood cells. -on all cells with a nucleus. -only on granulocytes and macrophages.

only on lymphocytes and macrophages.

Leukocytes recognize molecules that are unique to pathogens; thus, the molecules are ANSWER: toll-like receptors. phagosomes. antigens. pathogen-associated molecular patterns. pattern recognition receptors.

pathogen-associated molecular pattern

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the ANSWER: NK cells. phagocytes. B lymphocytes. plasma cells. T lymphocytes.

phagocytes.

The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are ANSWER: cytotoxic T cells. plasma cells. helper T cells. NK cells. suppressor T cells.

plasma cells.

A substance that induces fever is known as a(n) ANSWER: opsonin. acute phase protein. chemotaxin. pyrogen. cytokine.

pyrogen.

Which of the following acts as the earliest form of defense against exogenous pathogens in the list? ANSWER: lymphocytes skin inflammation macrophages

skin

The largest lymphoid tissue(s) is/are the ANSWER: GALT. thymus. lymph nodes. spleen. tonsils.

spleen.

A person's blood type is determined by ANSWER: -the chemical character of the hemoglobin. -the shape of the red blood cells. -the presence or absence of specific glycoprotein molecules on their cell membrane. -the size of the red blood cells. -the number of specific molecules on the cell membrane.

the presence or absence of specific glycoprotein molecules on their cell membrane.

The specificity of an antibody is determined by ANSWER: the variable region. the fixed segment. the antigenic determinants. the antibody class. the size of the antibody.

the variable region.

Stem cells that will form T lymphocytes are modified in the ANSWER: liver. spleen. kidneys. bone marrow. thymus.

thymus.

Diffuse lymphoid tissue includes ANSWER: -tonsils, GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue), and the spleen. -tonsils. -tonsils and GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue). -GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue). -the spleen.

tonsils and GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue).