Physiology Exam 1

You are interested in learning more about Parkinson's disease, a neurological disorder that primarily affects motor function. Which is the best source to begin your investigation? A) Ask.com B) MedlinePlusPubMed C) public library D) physiology textbook E) a physician

B) MedlinePlusPubMed

How genetics influences the body's response to drugs is called A) pharmacokinetics. B) pharmacogenetics. C) pharmacogenomics. D) pharmacodynamics. E) pharmageddon.

C) pharmacogenomics

The literal meaning of the term physiology is knowledge of A) organs. B) nature. C) science. D) chemistry. E) math.

B) Nature

If a scientific model is supported or verified repeatedly by multiple investigators, it may become a A) model. B) theory. C) hypothesis. D) law. E) variable.

B) theory.

A scientifically logical guess is a A) model. B) theory. C) hypothesis. D) law. E) variable.

C) hypothesis.

You conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various intensities of exercise influence heart rate. Which of the following is/are considered an independent variable? A) age of subjects B) sex of subjects C) intensity of exercise D) heart rate E) More than one of the answers is correct.

C) intensity of exercise

10) Homeostasis is the ability of the body to A) prevent the external environment from changing. B) prevent the internal environment from changing. C) quickly restore changed conditions to normal. D) ignore external stimuli to remain in a state of rest. E) prevent excessive blood loss

C) quickly restore changed conditions to normal

There are 10 cloned horses, born on the same day, with identical chromosomes. They are each subjected to the same physical training regimen, but given daily injections of different concentrations of a particular vitamin. They all run the same race. You set up a graph to explore a relationship between race finish time and vitamin dose. Which type of graph is best to explore a relationship between race finish time and vitamin dose? A) bar graph B) line graph C) scatter plot

C) scatter plot

Why is it necessary to space grid marks on a graph proportionally to the quantity measured (example: each square represents one centimeter)?

If this is not done, a trend would be obscured or even misrepresented.

"Glucose is transported from blood into cells because cells require glucose to meet their energy needs." This type of explanation is A) mechanistic. B) theological. C) teleological. D) metalogical. E) scatological.

C) teleological

You want to display data on the finish times of the 10 fastest race horses in a single race at the Kentucky Derby. Which type of graph would be best to display this information? A) bar graph B) line graph C) scatter plot

A) bar graph

A physician basing clinical decisions on primary research published in biomedical literature is doing ________ medicine. A) evidence-based B) traditional C) alternative D) whimsical E) holistic

A) evidence-based

Which of the following is one of Cannon's "internal secretions"? A) hormones B) nutrients C) water D) inorganic ions E) None of the answers are correct.

A) hormones

The law of mass balance states: A) if a substance is to remain constant any gain must be offset by an equal loss. B) that homeostasis can be maintained when the load of a substance is continuously lost. C) if one is to survive they must have a certain amount of mass. D) that all matter is neither created or destroyed. E) that all substances in the body have equal mass.

A) if a substance is to remain constant any gain must be offset by an equal loss.

Cells regulate their level of activity by regulating the amount of proteins present in the cell at any given time, so an up regulation of enzymes would be expected to A) increase the cell's response that is produced by the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. B) decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them. C) have no effect on the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes. D) decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes. E) both decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them and decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes.

A) increase the cell's response that is produced by the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme.

Glycosylated molecules are those formed with which group of organic compounds? A) lipids B) nucleic acids C) lysosomes D) cholesterol E) DNA

A) lipids

"Glucose is transported from blood into cells by transporters in response to insulin." This type of explanation is A) mechanistic. B) theological. C) teleological. D) metalogical. E) scatological.

A) mechanistic

A technique used to resolve contradictory results in scientific studies is A) meta-analysis. B) retrospective analysis. C) prospective analysis. D) cross-sectional analysis. E) longitudinal analysis.

A) meta-analysis.

Because anatomy and physiology have different definitions, they are usually considered separately in studies of the body. A) True B) False

B) False

Stanley Miller set out to demonstrate an explanation for the origins of organic molecules using a combination of simple organic molecules, heat and periodic bursts of electricity through the mixture, ultimately producing which kind of molecules? A) carbohydrates B) amino acids C) lipids D) glycoproteins E) nucleic acids

B) amino acids

Which of the following systems does NOT exchange material with the internal and external environments? A) respiratory system B) circulatory system C) digestive system D) urinary system E) All of the above.

B) circulatory system

A study in which a participant acts as an experimental subject in part of the experiment and a control in another part of the experiment is called a ________ study. A) double-blind B) crossover C) meta-analysis D) retrospective

B) crossover

A horse runs 10 races, each a mile long, during a 6-month period, and you are interested in determining if the horse's race time changes with experience. You set up a graph to display the race finish times of this horse. Which type of graph would be best to display the race finish times of this horse? A) bar graph B) line graph C) scatter plot

B) line graph

Adaptive significance is an important concept in physiology because it describes the A) importance of a highly variable external environment. B) physiological functions that promote an organism's survival. C) ability of an organism to monitor and restore its internal state to normal conditions when necessary. D) similarities between ancient and modern marine organisms. E) parameters necessary to maintain a constant internal environment.

B) physiological functions that promote an organism's survival.

Oxytocin is a hormone that is released in response to cervical dilation. It in turn causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix. Which type of feedback loop does oxytocin trigger? A) negative feedback B) positive feedback C) local control D) nociceptive feedback

B) positive feedback

The following is a list of several levels of organization that make up the human body. 1. tissue 2. cell 3. organ 4. molecule 5. organism 6. organ system The correct order from the smallest to the largest is A) 2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5. B) 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 5. C) 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5. D) 4, 2, 3, 1, 6, 5. E) 6, 4, 5, 2, 3, 1.

C) 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5 Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organisms

Individuals with Type I diabetes do not make enough insulin. Which of the following would be a mechanistic explanation of how insulin is used by the body? A) Cells need insulin because glucose will not cross the cell membrane. B) Insulin is a hormone involved in glucose transport. C) Insulin binds to its receptor which triggers the movement of glucose transporters to the cell membrane. D) Since all cells need glucose, insulin is required. E) Without insulin most cells in the body would be unable to produce enough ATP.

C) Insulin binds to its receptor which triggers the movement of glucose transporters to the cell membrane.

________ are kept within normal range by physiological control mechanisms which are used if the variable strays too far from its ________. A) Setpoints, regulated variable B) Independent variables, steady state C) Regulated variables, setpoint D) Dependent variables, lowest value E) Steady state values, integrating center

C) Regulated variables, setpoint

A placebo is A) any drug being tested in a clinical trial. B) any drug in a class of drugs commonly used as pain relievers. C) a drug or treatment that is expected to have no pharmacological effect. D) a nutritive and respiratory organ in fetal development. E) a hole in a cavity wall through which an organ protrudes.

C) a drug or treatment that is expected to have no pharmacological effect.

Which of the following are used to keep our systems at or near their setpoints? A) positive feedback loops B) response loops C) feedback loops D) open control loops E) feedforward control loop

C) feedback loops

The human environment is terrestrial, dry, and highly variable. However, our bodies expend enormous amounts of energy maintaining a constant internal environment. Studying why our bodies do this is what kind of scientific endeavor? A) mechanistic B) translational C) teleological D) anatomical E) meterological

C) teleological

Excretion is a function of the body. Which of the following would be considered excretion? A) Movement of sodium from the intestines to the bloodstream. B) Movement of glucose from the kidney to the blood stream. C) Movement of potassium from kidney cells into one's urine. D) Movement of salt from sweat glands to the surface of the skin. E) Movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood stream.

D) Movement of salt from sweat glands to the surface of the skin.

The Internet database for molecular, cellular, and physiological information is called the ________ Project. A) Human Genome B) Physiognomy C) Physiosome D) Physiome E) Manhattan

D) Physiome

Which of the following is a buffer zone between the outside world and most of the cells of the body? A) cell membrane B) red blood cells C) intracellular fluid D) extracellular fluid E) All of the answers are correct.

D) extracellular fluid

You conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various intensities of exercise influence heart rate. Which of the following is/are considered a dependent variable? A) age of subjects B) sex of subjects C) intensity of exercise D) heart rate E) More than one of the answers is correct.

D) heart rate

The vasodilation of blood vessels surrounding muscles due to the production of carbon dioxide during exercise is an example of which of the following? A) neural control B) long-distance control C) reflex control D) local control E) hormonal control

D) local control

The study of body function in a disease state is A) necrology. B) physiology. C) microbiology. D) pathophysiology. E) histology.

D) pathophysiology

Physiology is the study of A) the structure of the body. B) the tissues and organs of the body at the microscopic level. C) growth and reproduction. D) the normal function of living organisms. E) the facial features as an indication of personality.

D) the normal function of living organisms

Mass balance involves determining the total amount of a substance in the body. We can determine the rate of production (i.e. Mass Flow) of this substance by which of the following formulas? A) intake + production - excretion - metabolism. B) (amount of substance / min) × (concentration of the substance) C) volume of flow / (amount of substance / min) D) (concentration of a substance) / volume flow E) (concentration of a substance) × (volume/min)

E) (concentration of a substance) × (volume/min)

Place these terms in the typical sequence in which they appear in the process of scientific inquiry: experimental data, theory, model, observation, hypothesis, replication. A) experimental data, theory, model, observation, hypothesis, replication B) replication, hypothesis, experimental data, theory, model, observation C) theory, observation, experimental data, hypothesis, replication, model D) observation, replication, model, experimental data, hypothesis, theory E) observation, hypothesis, experimental data, replication, model, theory

E) observation, hypothesis, experimental data, replication, model, theory

Use the following terms to develop a concept map: brain, sensory neuron, an eye, foot, soccer ball, motor neuron

Eye sees soccer ball. Sensory neuron sends visual information. Brain receives information and formulates a plan. Motor neuron carries action information. Foot muscle contracts and the ball is kicked.

Write a teleological explanation for why heart rate increases during exercise. Now write a mechanistic explanation for the same phenomenon.

Telelogical: Heart rate increases because the increased activity of skeletal and cardiac muscles requires increased delivery of blood contents such as oxygen and glucose. Mechanistic: Heart rate increases in response to signals from the brain (pacemaker cells of the heart are stimulated by the nervous system).